目的:研究黄连解毒汤(由黄连、黄芩、黄柏、栀子等4味中药组成的复方)的化学成分,为其药代动力学和药效动力学研究提供物质基础。方法:采用各种柱色谱方法进行分离、纯化,NMR和MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从黄连解毒汤的醋酸乙酯可溶性部分得到1个新的黄酮苷,命名为汉黄芩素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(wogonin-5-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester,1)。从正丁醇可溶性部分得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为小檗碱(2),巴马汀(3),表小檗碱(4),京尼平苷(5),药根碱(6),非洲防己碱(7),格陵兰黄连碱(8),汉黄芩苷(9),3,5-二乙酰胺吡啶(10)和京尼平-1-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷(11)。结论:化合物1为新化合物。根据已报道4味中药化学成分的研究结果,判断化合物2,3和6来源于黄柏和黄连;化合物4,7和8来源于黄连;化合物5和11来源于栀子;2个黄酮苷来源于黄芩。
Objective: To study the constituents from the water extractive of Huanglianjiedutang, which is composed of Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Cortex Phellodendri and Fructus Gardeniae,and provide substances foundation for its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation. Method: The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by NMR and MS techniques. Result: A flavonoid glucoside identified as wogonin-5-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester (1) was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble parts in the water extractive of Huanglianjiedutang decoction. Ten compounds were isolated from the butanol soluble parts in the water extractive of Huanglianjiedutang decoction and have been identified as berberine (2), palmatine (3), epiberberine (4), geniposide (5), jatrorrhizine (6), columbamine (7), groenlandicine (tetradehydrocheilanthifoline, 8), wogonoside (9), 3,5-pyridinedicarboxamide (10), and genipin-1-O-β-D-gentiobioside (11). Conclusion: Compound 1 was a new flavonoid glucoside. On the basis of reported results of the chemical constituents of Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Cortex Phellodendri and Fructus Gardeniae, it was estimated that berberine,palmatine and jatrorrhizine rised from the Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma Coptidis; epiberberine,columbamine and groenlandicine rised from the Rhizoma Coptidis; geniposide and genipin-1-O-β-D-gentiobioside rised from the Fructus Gardeniae; wogonin-5-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester and wogonoside rised from the Radix Scutellariae.
全 文 :黄连解毒汤中1个新的黄酮苷
马兆堂1,杨秀伟1,钟国跃2
(1.北京大学 天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室 药学院 天然药物学系,北京 100191;
2.重庆市中药研究院,重庆 400065)
[摘要] 目的:研究黄连解毒汤(由黄连、黄芩、黄柏、栀子等4味中药组成的复方)的化学成分,为其药代动力学和药效
动力学研究提供物质基础。方法:采用各种柱色谱方法进行分离、纯化,NMR和MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从黄连解毒
汤的醋酸乙酯可溶性部分得到1个新的黄酮苷,命名为汉黄芩素5OβD葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(wogonin5OβDglucuronide
methylester,1)。从正丁醇可溶性部分得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为小檗碱(2),巴马汀(3),表小檗碱(4),京尼平苷(5),药
根碱(6),非洲防己碱(7),格陵兰黄连碱(8),汉黄芩苷(9),3,5二乙酰胺吡啶(10)和京尼平1OβD龙胆双糖苷(11)。结
论:化合物1为新化合物。根据已报道4味中药化学成分的研究结果,判断化合物2,3和6来源于黄柏和黄连;化合物4,7和
8来源于黄连;化合物5和11来源于栀子;2个黄酮苷来源于黄芩。
[关键词] 黄连解毒汤;化学成分;黄酮类;生物碱类
[收稿日期] 20081123
[基金 项 目] 国 家 高 技 术 研 究 发 展 计 划 “863”项 目
(2002AA2Z343C);北京市科委科技专题(20004105040311)
[通信作者] 杨秀伟,Tel:(010)82805106,Email:xwyang@bjmu.
edu.cn
黄连解毒汤(HLJDT)源于唐代王焘《外台秘
要》,由黄连、黄芩、黄柏、栀子4味中药组成,是经
典的清热解毒方剂。由于其具有广泛的生物学活
性,近年来的研究报道日渐增多。作为其生物学活
性物质基础研究的一部分和为其药代动力学和药效
动力学研究提供物质基础,文献[1]报道了 HLJDT
水提取物的醋酸乙酯可溶性部分20个化合物的鉴
定,本研究报道从醋酸乙酯可溶性部分得到1个新
的黄酮苷和从正丁醇可溶性部分得到10个已知化
合物。
1 仪器、试剂和药材
同文献[1]。
2 提取与分离
取文献[1]得到的正丁醇萃取物220g进行大
孔吸附树脂柱色谱,水乙醇(100∶0~0∶100)梯度洗
脱,薄层色谱配合检识,得到 3个组分(Fr13)。
Fr1[水乙醇(100∶0~90∶10)]经硅胶柱色谱,三
氯甲烷甲醇(90∶10)洗脱,得到组分 Fr11~Fr1
4。Fr11再经硅胶柱色谱,三氯甲烷甲醇(90∶10)
洗脱,重结晶,得到化合物2(208mg),3(200mg)。
Fr12再经硅胶柱色谱,三氯甲烷甲醇(90∶10)洗
脱,重结晶,得到化合物4(200mg),5(800mg),6
(300mg),7(50mg)。Fr13再经硅胶柱色谱,三
氯甲烷甲醇(90∶10)洗脱,重结晶,得到化合物 8
(90mg),9(69mg)和10(698mg)。Fr14再经硅
胶柱色谱,醋酸乙酯甲醇(90∶10)~三氯甲烷甲醇
(90∶10)洗脱,重结晶,得到化合物11(80mg)。
3 结构鉴定
3.1 新化合物的结构鉴定
文献[1]从醋酸乙酯可溶性部分分离得到的化
合物27为黄色粉末。PositiveESITOFMS给出准
分子离子峰 m/z4970422[M+Na]+和4750649
[M+H]+,推断分子组成为 C23H22O11。在其
1H
NMR(DMSOd6,300MHz)波谱,可观察到质子信号
δ808(2H,m,H2′,H6′),764(3H,m,H3′,H4′,
H5′),705(1H,s,H3),672(1H,s,H6),534
(1H,d,J=69Hz,H1″),390(3H,s,OCH3),368
(3H,s,OMe),330~420(4H,葡萄糖醛酸基质
子)。在其13CNMR(DMSOd6,75MHz)波谱,可观
察到黄酮苷元碳原子信号 δ1639(C2),1056(C
3),1826(C4),1559(C5),987(C6),1560(C
7),1296(C8),1495(C9),1055(C10),1309
(C1′),1296(C2′,C6′),1267(C3′,C5′),
1326(C4′)。与芳环结合的 OMe碳原子信号 δ
617,且结合该甲氧基碳原子的2个邻碳原子皆为
季碳;酯甲氧基碳原子信号 δ524[2]。1组葡萄糖
醛酸基碳原子信号δ997(C1″),729(C2″),753
(C3″),714(C4″),756(C5″),1695(C6″)。上
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述数据与汉黄芩素7OβD葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯
(wogonin7OβDglucuronidemethylester)的数据
几乎一致[1]。在完全相同的1HNMR条件下对该化
合物和汉黄芩素7OβD葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯进行测
试,后者出现5OH与C4的C=O氢键缔合信号δH
1255[1],而前者未出现。在以 DMSOd6为溶剂进
行黄酮类化合物1HNMR波谱测试时,只要有5OH
存在,一定出现5OH与 C4的 C=O氢键缔合信
号。因此,确定该化合物的结构为汉黄芩素5Oβ
D葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(wogonin5OβDglucuronide
methylester,1),为一新化合物(图1)。
图1 化合物1,10的化学结构
3.2 已知化合物的结构鉴定
化合物 2 黄色结晶;EIMSm/z337[M+
H]+,321[M-Me]+,306[M-2Me]+;1HNMR
(CD3OD,500MHz)δ:766(1H,s,H1),696(1H,
s,H4),325(2H,t,J=65Hz,H5),492(2H,t,
J=65Hz,H6),976(1H,s,H8),811(1H,d,
J=90Hz,H11),799(1H,d,J=90Hz,H12),
870(1H,s,H13),610(2H,s,OCH2O),420
(3H,s,9OMe),410(3H,s,10OMe)。以上数据与
文献[3]一致,并与对照品共薄层色谱分析,鉴定为
小檗碱(berberine)。
化合物 3 黄色结晶;EIMSm/z351[M-
H]+,336[M-H-Me]+,321[M-H-2Me]+,306
[M-H-3Me]+,292[M-4Me]+,276[M-3Me-
OMe]+,263[M-2Me-2OMe]+;1HNMR(CD3OD,
500MHz)δ:765(1H,s,H1),704(1H,s,H4),
493(2H,t,J=65Hz,H6),327(2H,t,J=65
Hz,H5),973(1H,s,H8),809(1H,d,J=90
Hz,H11),799(1H,d,J=90Hz,H12),877
(1H,s,H13),393(3H,s,2OMe),398(3H,s,3
OMe),420(3H,s,9OMe),410(3H,s,10
OMe);13CNMR(CD3OD,125MHz)δ:1099(C1),
1509(C2),1538(C3),1122(C4),1301(C
4a),278(C5),567(C6),1464(C8),1245(C
8a),1457(C9),1519(C10),1280(C11),
1233(C12),1353(C12a),1213(C13),1399
(C14),1205(C14a),573(2OMe),570(3
OMe),625(9OMe),576(10OMe)。以上数据与
文献[4]一致,鉴定为巴马汀(palmatine)。
化合物4 橙红色针晶;EIMSm/z336[M]+,
335[M-H]+,320[M-H-Me]+,290[M-Me-
OMe]+;1HNMR(DMSOd6,500MHz)δ:770(1H,
s,H1),708(1H,s,H4),321(2H,t,J=65Hz,
H5),489(2H,t,J=65Hz,H6),995(1H,s,H
8),803(1H,d,J=85Hz,H11),786(1H,d,J=
85Hz,H12),907(1H,s,H13),652(2H,s,O
CH2O),393(3H,s,2OMe),386(3H,s,3
OMe);13CNMR(DMSOd6,125MHz)δ:1087(C
1),1469(C2),1514(C3),1113(C4),1285
(C4a),259(C5),552(C6),1445(C8),1116
(C8a),1438(C9),1487(C10),1207(C11),
1216(C12),1324(C12a),1210(C13),1370
(C14),1190(C14a),1044(OCH2O),562(2
OMe),558(3OMe)。以上数据与文献[56]一致,
鉴定为表小檗碱(epiberberine)。
化合物5 白色粉末;EIMSm/z226[M-Glu+
H]+,209[M-Glu-O]+;1HNMR(CD3OD,500
MHz)δ:516(1H,d,J=75Hz,H1),750(1H,s,
H3),321(1H,m,H5),281(1H,dd,J=75,160
Hz,Ha6),208(1H,dd,J=75,160Hz,Hb6),
579(1H,s,H7),271(1H,t,J=75Hz,H9),
430(1H,d,J=145Hz,Ha10),418(1H,d,J=
140Hz,Hb10),371(3H,s,OMe),470(1H,d,
J=80Hz,H1′),300~400(6H,m,葡萄糖基质
子)。1HNMR数据与文献[7]一致,并与对照品共
薄层色谱分析,鉴定为京尼平苷(geniposide)。
化合物6 橙红色针晶;EIMSm/z338[M]+,
323[M-Me]+,308[M-2Me]+,294[M-Me+
H]+;1HNMR(DMSOd6,500MHz)δ:770(1H,s,
H1),688(1H,s,H4),313(2H,t,J=65Hz,H
5),491(2H,t,J=65Hz,H6),985(1H,s,H8),
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819(1H,d,J=95Hz,H11),801(1H,d,J=90
Hz,H12),900(1H,s,H13),1010(1H,s,3OH),
393(3H,s,2OMe),409(3H,s,9OMe),406
(3H,s,10OMe);13CNMR(DMSOd6,125MHz)δ:
1095(C1),1501(C2),1500(C3),1149(C
4),1382(C4a),258(C5),554(C6),1452(C
8),1332(C8a),1479(C9),1435(C10),1267
(C11),1288(C12),1233(C12a),1194(C
13),1212(C14),1177(C14a),562(2OMe),
619(9OMe),570(10OMe)。以上数据与文献
[8]一致,鉴定为药根碱(jatrorhizine)。
化合物7 黄色针晶;EIMSm/z338[M]+,337
[M-H]+,323[M-Me]+,308[M-2Me]+,294
[M-3Me+H]+;1HNMR(DMSOd6,500MHz)δ:
755(1H,s,H1),705(1H,s,H4),318(2H,t,
J=60Hz,H5),492(2H,t,J=60Hz,H6),986
(1H,s,H8),818(1H,d,J=90Hz,H11),881
(1H,s,H13),805(1H,d,J=90Hz,H12),940
(1H,s,2OH),388(3H,s,3OMe),408(3H,s,9
OMe),406(3H,s,10OMe);13CNMR(DMSOd6,
125MHz)δ:1114(C1),1506(C2),1502(C3),
1140(C4),1378(C4a),260(C5),555(C6),
1454(C8),1332(C8a),1464(C9),1436(C
10),1267(C11),1271(C12),1236(C12a),
1196(C13),1213(C14),1191(C14a),559
(3OMe),619(9OMe),571(10OMe)。以上数
据与文献[9]一致,鉴定为非洲防己碱(columbam
ine)。
化合物 8 橙红色针晶;positiveESITOFMS
m/z3222106[M]+,3071814[M-Me]+;1H
NMR(DMSOd6,500MHz)δ:768(1H,s,H1),686
(1H,s,H4),313(2H,t,J=65Hz,H5),485
(2H,t,J=65Hz,H6),991(1H,s,H8),801
(1H,d,J=85Hz,H11),783(1H,d,J=85Hz,
H12),900(1H,s,H13),1007(1H,s,3OH),
651(2H,s,OCH2O),393(3H,s,2OMe);
13C
NMR(DMSOd6,125MHz)δ:1095(C1),1468(C
2),1501(C3),1116(C4),1288(C4a),258
(C5),554(C6),1444(C8),1150(C8a),
1438(C9),1480(C10),1204(C11),1216(C
12),1327(C12a),1211(C13),1376(C14),
1178(C14a),1045(OCH2O),563(2OMe)。
以上数据与文献[10]一致,鉴定为格陵兰黄连碱
(groenlandicine)。
化合物9 淡黄色粉末;EIMSm/z284[M-
GluA]+,269[M-GluA-Me]+,241[M-GluA-
Me-CO]+;1HNMR(DMSOd6,500MHz)δ:705
(1H,s,H3),667(1H,s,H6),1251(1H,s,5
OH),389(3H,s,8OMe),807(2H,m,H2′,H
6′),761(3H,m,H3′,H4′,H5′),511(1H,d,J=
65Hz,H1″),542(1H,brs,OH),517(1H,brs,
OH),334382(4H,m,葡萄糖醛酸基质子);13C
NMR(DMSOd6,125MHz)δ:1635(C2),1052(C
3),1824(C4),1560(C5),990(C6),1565(C
7),1293(C8),1491(C9),1052(C10),614
(8OMe),1308(C1′),1293(C2′,C6′),1264
(C3′,C5′),1323(C4′),1000(C1″),731(C
2″),743(C3″),719(C4″),765(C5″),1729
(C6″)。以上数据与文献[11]一致,鉴定为汉黄芩
苷(wogonoside)。
化合物10 白色粉末;EIMSm/z165[M]+,
149[M-NH2]
+,121[M-CONH2]
+,105[M-
CONH2-NH2]
+,77[M -2CONH2]
+;1HNMR
(DMSOd6,500MHz)δ:913(2H,d,J=20Hz,H
2,H6),864(1H,d,J=20Hz,H4),826(2H,s,
NH),769(2H,s,NH);13CNMR(DMSOd6,125
MHz)δ:1661(C=O),1295(C2,C6),1507(C
3,C5),1345(C4)。鉴定为 3,5二乙酰胺吡啶
(3,5pyridinedicarboxamide)。该化合物曾从港口马
兜铃 AristolochiazolingerianaMiq.新鲜花、果实[12]
和九头狮子草 Peritrophejaponica(Thunb.)Bremk.
地上部分[13]分离得到。
化合物 11 白色粉末;1HNMR(CD3OD,500
MHz)δ:514(1H,d,J=80Hz,H1),750(1H,s,
H3),322(1H,m,H5),281(1H,dd,J=75,160
Hz,Ha6),217(1H,dd,J=75,160Hz,Hb6),
585(1H,s,H7),270(1H,t,J=75Hz,H9),
431(1H,d,J=145Hz,Ha10),418(1H,d,J=
145Hz,Hb10),370(3H,s,OMe),470(1H,d,
J=80Hz,H1′),436(1H,d,J=75Hz,H1″),
410(2H,dd,J=120,20Hz,Hab6′),384(2H,
m,H6″),300400(8H,m,GluH2~H5×2);
13CNMR(CD3OD,125MHz)δ:988(C1),1533
(C3),1124(C4),397(C5),367(C6),1290
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(C7),1448(C8),470(C9),615(C10),1696
(C11),518(C12),1006(C1′),748(C2′),
779(C3′),716(C4′),778(C5′),697(C6′),
1048(C1″),751(C2″),779(C3″),717(C
4″),777(C5″),627(C6″)。以上数据与文献
[14]一致,鉴定为京尼平1OβD龙胆双糖苷(ge
nipin1OβDgentiobioside)。
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AnewflavonoidglucosidefromHuanglianjiedutangdecoction
MAZhaotang1,YANGXiuwei1,ZHONGGuoyue2
(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofNaturalandBiomimeticDrugs,andDepartmentof
NaturalMedicines,SchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,PekingUniversity,Beijing100191,China;
2.ChongqingAcademyofChineseMateriaMedica,Chongqing400065,China)
[Abstract] Objective:TostudytheconstituentsfromthewaterextractiveofHuanglianjiedutang,whichiscomposedofRhizo
maCoptidis,RadixScutelariae,CortexPhelodendriandFructusGardeniae,andprovidesubstancesfoundationforitspharmacokinetic
andpharmacodynamicinvestigation.Method:Thechemicalconstituentswereisolatedbyvariouscolumnchromatographicmethodsand
structuralyelucidatedbyNMRandMStechniques.Result:Aflavonoidglucosideidentifiedaswogonin5OβDglucuronidemethyl
ester(1)wasisolatedfromtheethylacetatesolublepartsinthewaterextractiveofHuanglianjiedutangdecoction.Tencompoundswere
isolatedfromthebutanolsolublepartsinthewaterextractiveofHuanglianjiedutangdecoctionandhavebeenidentifiedasberberine
(2),palmatine(3),epiberberine(4),geniposide(5),jatrorhizine(6),columbamine(7),groenlandicine(tetradehydrocheilan
thifoline,8),wogonoside(9),3,5pyridinedicarboxamide(10),andgenipin1OβDgentiobioside(11).Conclusion:Compound
1wasanewflavonoidglucoside.OnthebasisofreportedresultsofthechemicalconstituentsofRhizomaCoptidis,RadixScutelariae,
CortexPhelodendriandFructusGardeniae,itwasestimatedthatberberine,palmatineandjatrorhizinerisedfromtheCortexPheloden
driandRhizomaCoptidis;epiberberine,columbamineandgroenlandicinerisedfromtheRhizomaCoptidis;geniposideandgenipin1
OβDgentiobiosiderisedfromtheFructusGardeniae;wogonin5OβDglucuronidemethylesterandwogonosiderisedfromtheRadix
Scutelariae.
[Keywords] Huanglianjiedutangdecoction;chemicalconstituents;flavonoids;alkaloids
[责任编辑 王亚君]
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第34卷第9期
2009年5月
Vol.34,Issue 9
May,2009