全 文 : Guihaia Jun. 2016ꎬ 36 (增刊 1): 214-223
http: / / journal.gxzw.gxib.cn
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【原文刊载】 “紫草科新分类群”已发表于«广西植物»ꎬ 2010ꎬ 30(4): 429-439.
紫草科新分类群
王文采
( 中国科学院植物研究所 系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京 100093 )
摘 要: 描述了中国横断山区紫草科滇紫草属一新种和一新变型ꎬ附地菜属一新种和一新变种ꎬ微孔草属 2
新种和齿缘草属 1新种ꎮ
关键词: 紫草科ꎬ 滇紫草属ꎬ 附地菜属ꎬ 微孔草属ꎬ 齿缘草属ꎬ 新分类群ꎬ 中国
中图分类号: Q949 文献标识码: A 文章编号:1000 ̄3142(2016)增刊 1 ̄0214 ̄10
New taxa of Boraginaceae from China
WANG Wen ̄Tsai
( State key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China )
Abstract: On the basis of specimens collected from the Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China one species and one
form of Onosmaꎬ O. xiangchengense and O. waddellii Duthie f. latifoliumꎬ one species and one variety of Trigonotisꎬ T.
zhuokejiensis and T. muliensis W.T.Wang var. strigosaꎬ two species of Microulaꎬ M. leucantha and M. filicaulisꎬ and one
species of Eritrichiumꎬ E. serxuenseꎬ are described as new.
Key words: Boraginaceaeꎬ Onosmaꎬ Trigonotisꎬ Microulaꎬ Eritrichiumꎬ new taxaꎬ China
哈佛大学植物学家 D. E. Boufford 博士在近十
余年来与中国科学院昆明植物研究所合作ꎬ对我国
横断山区一带植物区系进行了深入的考察ꎬ并采集
到大量植物标本ꎬ继去年寄来毛茛科植物标本之后ꎬ
于今年 3月ꎬ他又寄来紫草科植物标本托我鉴定ꎬ在
结束鉴定工作后ꎬ发现了该科滇紫草属、附地菜属、
微孔草属和齿缘草属的 5 新种ꎬ1 新变种和 1 新变
型ꎬ现在本文发表ꎮ
1 滇紫草属 Onosma L.
1.1 乡城滇紫草 图 1: A ̄C
Onosma xiangchengense W. T. Wangꎬ sp. nov.
Fig. 1: A ̄C
Ob floris structuram et folia uninervia species nova
haec O. conferto W. W. Smith arcte affinis estꎬ a quo
caulibus humilioribus usque ad 29 cm altisꎬfoliis basali ̄
bus majoribus usque ad 29 cm longis 2. 3 cm latisꎬ
drepaniis singulis vel binis terminalibus 3.5-5 cm longis
dense 4-8 ̄florisꎬcorolla intus glabra statim distat.
Herba perennis. Radix apice circ. 2 cm crassa.
Caules circ.2 fasciculatiꎬ20-29 cm altiꎬhispidiꎬsimplic ̄
esꎬ3-5 ̄foliati. Folia basalia circ.10ꎬsessiliaꎬherbaceaꎬ
lanceolato ̄linearia vel lineariaꎬ6-29 cm longaꎬ0.6-2.3
cm lataꎬapice acutaꎬbasi attenuataꎬintegraꎬsupra virid ̄
iaꎬsubtus viridulaꎬutrinque longe strigosaꎬuninerviaꎻfo ̄
lia caulina minoraꎬsessiliaꎬlanceolato ̄ linearia vel an ̄
guste lanceolataꎬ3-9.5 cm longaꎬ0.5-1.1 cm lataꎬapice
收稿日期: 2009 ̄05 ̄26 修回日期: 2009 ̄09 ̄30
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(30870146) [Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30870146)]ꎮ
作者简介:王文采(1926 ̄)ꎬ男ꎬ研究员ꎬ中国科学院院士ꎬ著名植物分类学家ꎬ长期从事有花植物分类学研究ꎮ
图 1 A ̄C. 乡城滇紫草 A. 植株全形ꎻ B. 花萼和雌蕊ꎬ 2萼片被除去ꎻ C. 花冠打开ꎮ
D ̄E. 宽叶丛茎滇紫草 D. 开花茎上部ꎻ E. 花冠打开ꎬ 以及雌蕊ꎮ
Fig. 1 A ̄C. Onosma xiangchengense W. T. Wang A. Habitꎻ B. Calyx and pistilꎬwith two sepals removedꎻ C. Corolla cut open and spread out.
D ̄E. O. waddellii Duthie f. latifolium W. T. Wang D. Upper part of flowring stemꎻ E. Corolla cut open and spread outꎬand pistil.(from holotype)
attenuataꎬbasi late cuneata. Drepania singula vel binaꎬ
terminaliaꎬ3.5 - 5 cm longaꎬdense 4-8 ̄floraꎻbracteae
anguste lanceolatae vel anguste lineari ̄lanceolataeꎬ1.1-
3.3 cm longaeꎬ1-6 mm lataeꎬhirsutaeꎻpedicelli 1-10
mm longiꎬhirsuti. Sepala 5ꎬanguste lineari ̄lanceolataꎬ
1.5-1.6 cm longaꎬ1.5-2 mm lataꎬutrique hirsutaꎻcorol ̄
la rubra(ex collectoribus)ꎬtubularisꎬ1.7-1.8 cm longaꎬ
ore 6 mm in diam.ꎬ5 ̄lobataꎬlobis depresse lateque ova ̄
512增刊 1 王文采: 紫草科新分类群
tis circ. 1 mm longis 3 mm latisꎬtubo circ.1.6 cm longoꎬ
extus supra medium strigosaꎬintus glabraꎻ stamina 5ꎬin ̄
clusaꎬatropurpureaꎬglabraꎬfilamentis 6 mm longis levi ̄
ter infra medium tubi corollae et 7 mm supra basin
corollae insertis basi leviter decurrentibusꎬ antheris 8
mm longis lateribus inter sese cohaerentibus et stylum
cigentibusꎻ pistillum corollae fere aequilongumꎬ gla ̄
brumꎬovario 0.8 mm longoꎬstylo 1.8 cm longoꎬstigmati ̄
bus 2 minutis 0.1 mm longis.
多年生草本ꎮ 根顶端粗约 2 cmꎮ 茎约 2 条丛
生ꎬ高 20~29 cmꎬ被硬毛ꎬ不分枝ꎬ有 3 ~ 5 叶ꎮ 基生
叶约 10ꎬ无柄ꎬ草质ꎬ披针状条形或条形ꎬ长 6 ~ 29
cmꎬ宽 0.6~2.3 cmꎬ顶端急尖ꎬ基部渐狭ꎬ全缘ꎬ上面
绿色ꎬ下面浅绿色ꎬ两面被长糙伏毛ꎬ具 1脉ꎻ茎生叶
较小ꎬ无柄ꎬ披针状条形或狭披针形ꎬ长 3 ~ 9.5 cmꎬ
宽 0.5 ~ 1.1 cmꎬ顶端渐狭ꎬ基部宽楔形ꎮ 镰状聚散
花序单个或成对顶生ꎬ长 3.5 ~ 5 cmꎬ有密集的 4 ~ 8
花ꎻ苞片狭披针形或狭条状披针形ꎬ长 1.1 ~ 3 3 cmꎬ
宽 1~6 mmꎬ被长硬毛ꎻ花梗长 1~10 mmꎬ被长硬毛ꎮ
萼片 5ꎬ狭条状披针形ꎬ长 1. 5 ~ 1. 6 cmꎬ宽 1. 5 ~ 2
mmꎬ两面被长硬毛ꎻ花冠红色ꎬ筒状ꎬ长 1.7~1.8 cmꎬ
口部直径 6 mmꎬ5浅裂ꎬ外面中部之上被糙伏毛ꎬ内
面无毛ꎬ裂片扁宽卵形ꎬ长约 1 mmꎬ宽 3 mmꎬ筒长约
1.6 mmꎻ雄蕊 5ꎬ内藏ꎬ暗紫色ꎬ无毛ꎬ花丝长 6 mmꎬ
着生于花冠筒中部稍下、距花冠基部之上 7 mm 处ꎬ
花药长 8 mmꎬ互相以侧面连着并包围花柱ꎻ雌蕊与
花冠近等长ꎬ无毛ꎬ子房长 0.8 mmꎬ花柱长 1.8 cmꎬ
柱头 2ꎬ小ꎬ长 0.1 mmꎮ
Sichuan(四川): Xiangcheng Xian (乡城县)ꎬ
Vicinity of the town of Reda(热打). Rizhao Shen Shan
from gorge behind Silong Village. 29°6′9″ Nꎬ99°40′15″
Eꎻ3 600-3 850 m. Open meadows with seepages sur ̄
rounded by forestsꎬmoist areas along small streamlets
within and outside of forestꎬand Quercus guyavifolia ̄Pi ̄
cea likiangensis forests. Limestone gorge near stream.
Corolla red.16 July 2004. D. E. BouffordꎬJ.H.ChenꎬS.L.
KelleyꎬJ.LiꎬR.H.ReeꎬH.SunꎬJ.R.Yue & Y.H.Zhang no.
30767(holotypeꎬPEꎻ isotypeꎬGHꎬnot seen).
本种的花构造与密花滇紫草(O. confertum W.
W. Smith)的相似ꎬ二者的叶均具 1 脉ꎬ因此本种在
亲缘关系上与密花滇紫草甚为接近ꎬ但茎较低矮ꎬ高
达 29 cmꎬ基生叶较大ꎬ长达 29 cmꎬ宽达 2.3 cmꎬ镰
状聚伞花序单个或成对顶生ꎬ长达 3.5 ~ 5 cmꎬ有密
集的4~8花ꎬ花冠内面无毛而与后者相区别ꎮ 在密
花滇紫草ꎬ茎高达 70 cmꎬ基生叶较小ꎬ长达 12 cmꎬ
宽达 1 cmꎬ镰状聚伞花序 10 个或更多组成长达 30
cm的顶生、具多数花的聚伞圆锥花序ꎬ花冠裂片内
面有 1列伏毛(Johnstonꎬ1951ꎻ刘玉兰ꎬ1989)ꎮ
1.2 宽叶丛茎滇紫草 (变型) 图 1: D ̄E
Onosma waddellii Duthie f. latifolium W. T.
Wangꎬ f. nov. Fig. 1: D ̄E
A f. waddellii differt caulibus robustis usque ad
40-46 cm altisꎬfoliis majoribus usque ad 10 mm latis.
从茎滇紫草(O. waddellii Duthie)特产我国西藏
拉萨以东雅鲁藏布江流域一带山地ꎬ向东达昌都ꎬ最
近在昌都之东的江达金沙江西岸发现了一个具宽叶
的变型 f. latifoliumꎬ此变型与丛茎滇紫草的区别在
于茎粗壮ꎬ高达 40~46 cmꎬ叶较大ꎬ宽达 10 mmꎮ 在
丛茎滇紫草ꎬ茎较细弱ꎬ高达 25 ~ 30 cmꎬ叶较小ꎬ宽
达 6~7 mm(Johnsotonꎬ1951ꎻ刘玉兰ꎬ1989)ꎮ
Xizang (Tibet 西藏): Jiangda Xian(江达县)ꎬ
Narrow valley on W side of Jinsha Jiang (Upper Chang
Jiang) opposite the town of Luoxu. 32°25′59″ Nꎬ98°0′
18″ Eꎻ3 400 m. Dry slopes with scrubby vegetation and
narrow meadows along small tributary of Jinshan Jiang.
Dry slope.30 July 2005. D. E. Bouffordꎬ J. H. ChenꎬK.
FujikawaꎬS. L. KelleyꎬR. H. ReeꎬH. SunꎬJ. P. YueꎬD.
C. Zhang & Y. H. Zhang no. 33855 (holotypeꎬPEꎻ iso ̄
typeꎬGHꎬnot seen)ꎻsame locality(同地)ꎬ32°26′49″ Nꎬ
48°0′33″ Eꎻ3 440 m. Dry slope partly facing Jinshan
Jiang. Xeric scrub community with many thorny shrubs.
Dryꎬstony slope. Corolla purple or pinkꎻ anthers purple.
30 July 2005. The same collectors as mentioned aboveꎬ
no. 33794 (PEꎻ GHꎬnot seen)ꎮ
2 附地菜属 Trigonotis Stev.
2.1 卓克基附地菜 图 2: A ̄E
Trigonotis zhuokejiensis W. T. Wangꎬ sp. nov.
(sect. Trgonotis) Fig. 2: A ̄E
Species nova haec T. gracilipedi Johnst. affinis estꎬ
a qua caule patule puberuloꎬ foliis ovatis vel late ovatisꎬ
drepaniis inferne 3-6 ̄bracteatisꎬsepalis lineari ̄lanceo ̄
latisꎬcorolla alba fauce luteaꎬnucula haud stipitata gla ̄
bra facile differt.
Herba annua. Caulis suberecutusꎬ circ. 45 cm al ̄
612 广 西 植 物 36卷
图 2 A ̄E. 卓克基附地菜 A. 植株全形ꎻ B. 花萼和雌蕊ꎬ 2萼片被除去ꎻ C. 花冠打开ꎻ
D. 小坚果ꎬ背面观ꎻ E. 同 Dꎬ 腹面观ꎮ F. 冕宁附地菜植株全形ꎮ sꎬ 着生面.
Fig. 2 A ̄E. Trigonotis zhuokejiensis W.T.Wang A. Habitꎻ B. Calyx and pistilꎬwith two sepals removedꎻ C. Corolla cut open and spread outꎻ
D. Nutletꎬdorsal viewꎻ E. The same as Dꎬventral view. F. T. muliensis W.T.Wang var. strigosa W.T.Wang habit. (from holotype) sꎬ Scar.
tusꎬinferne 1.8 mm crassusꎬflaccidusꎬsupra basin longe
ramosusꎬpatule puberulus. Folia omania caulinaꎬinfera
longiuscule petiolataꎬ supera minora breviter petiolataꎻ
laminae tenuesꎬmembranaceaeꎬovatae vel late ovataeꎬ
1.1-2.9 cm longaeꎬ0.6-2.1 cm lataeꎬapice rotundataeꎬ
obtusae vel acutiusculaeꎬbasi cordato ̄truncatae vel ro ̄
712增刊 1 王文采: 紫草科新分类群
图 3 白花微孔草 A. 植株全形ꎻ B. 花萼和雌蕊ꎬ2萼片被除去ꎻ C. 花冠打开ꎻ D. 小坚果ꎬ背面观ꎻ E. 同 Dꎬ腹面观ꎮ pꎬ 背孔ꎻ sꎬ 着生面ꎮ
Fig. 3 Microula leucantha W. T. Wang A. Habitꎻ B. Calyx and pistilꎬ with two sepals removedꎻ C. Corolla cut open and
spread outꎻ D. Nutletꎬ dorsal viewꎻ E. The same as Dꎬ ventral view. ( from holotype) pꎬ Dorsal pitꎻ sꎬ Scar.
tundataeꎬintegraeꎬutrique strigulosaeꎬnervis lateralibus
2-3 ̄jugis inconspicuisꎻpetioli 0.3-3 cm longiꎬsparse
puberuli. Drepania axillaria et terminaliaꎬ(1-)3-24 cm
longaꎬinferne 3-6-bracteataꎬ5-19 ̄floraꎻrhaches spar ̄
sissime puberulae vel glabraeꎻ bracteae foliaceaeꎬ late
ovatae vel ovataeꎬ0.7-1.6 cm longaeꎻpedicelli gracilesꎬ
1.5-10 mm longiꎬsubglabri vel sparse puberuli. Sepala
5ꎬlineari ̄lanceolataꎬ1-1.2 mm longaꎬcirc. 0.7 mm lataꎬ
extus depresse puberulaꎬintus glabraꎻcorolla albaꎬfauce
lutea ( ex collectoribus)ꎬglabraꎬlimbo 5.5 mm in diam.
5 ̄lobatoꎬlobis orbiculari ̄obovatis 1.8 mm in diam.ꎬap ̄
pendicibus 5 lunatis 0.6 mm longisꎬtubo 1.2 mm longoꎻ
pistillum 0.8 mm longum. Nucula tetrahedralisꎬlaevisꎬ
glabraꎬhaud stipitataꎬ facie dorsali deltoideo ̄ovata 1. 3
mm longa 1 mm lataꎬfaciebus ventralibus tribus angulos
tres acutos formantibus.
一年生草本ꎮ 茎近直立ꎬ高约 45 cmꎬ下部粗
1 8 mmꎬ柔弱ꎬ基部之上分枝ꎬ被开展短柔毛ꎮ 叶全
812 广 西 植 物 36卷
部茎生ꎬ下部者具较长柄ꎬ上部者较小ꎬ具短柄ꎻ叶片
薄ꎬ膜质ꎬ卵形或宽卵形ꎬ长 1.1 ~ 2.9 cmꎬ宽 0.6 ~ 2.1
cmꎬ顶端圆形、钝或微尖ꎬ基部心状截形或圆形ꎬ全
缘ꎬ两面被糙伏毛ꎬ侧脉 2 ~ 3 对ꎬ不明显ꎻ叶柄长
0.3~ 3 cmꎬ疏被短柔毛ꎮ 镰状聚伞花序腋生并顶
生ꎬ长(1~ )3 ~ 24 cmꎬ下部具 3 ~ 6 枚苞片ꎬ有 5 ~ 19
花ꎻ轴有极疏短毛或无毛ꎻ苞片叶状ꎬ宽卵形或卵形ꎬ
长0.7~1.6 cmꎻ花梗细ꎬ长 1.5 ~ 10 mmꎬ几无毛或疏
被短柔毛ꎮ 萼片 5ꎬ条状披针形ꎬ长 1 ~ 1.2 mmꎬ宽约
0.7 mmꎬ外面被贴伏短柔毛ꎬ内面无毛ꎻ花冠白色ꎬ喉
部黄色ꎬ檐部直径 5.5 mmꎬ5裂ꎬ裂片圆倒卵形ꎬ直径
1.8 mmꎬ附属物 5ꎬ新月形ꎬ长 0.6 mmꎬ筒长 1.2 mmꎻ
雌蕊长 0.8 mmꎮ 小坚果四面体形ꎬ光滑ꎬ无毛ꎬ无
柄ꎬ背面正三角状卵形ꎬ长 1.3 mmꎬ宽 1 mmꎬ腹面 3
个形成 3条锐棱ꎮ
Sichuan(四川): Barkam Xian (马尔康县)ꎬ
Zhuoke ̄ji Zhen (卓克基镇)ꎬ Lazhu Cunꎬ N side of
Mengbi Shan on highway 210(road between Barkam and
Xiaojin). 31°44′8″ Nꎬ102°15′25″ Eꎻ3 350 m. Mixed
forest with Piceaꎬ Salixꎬ Betulaꎬ Populus along stream
and adjacent meadows. In deep shade of Prunus. Corolla
white with yellow center. 14 August 2007. D. E. Bouf ̄
fordꎬK. FujikawaꎬS. L. KelleyꎬR. H. ReeꎬB. XuꎬJ. W.
ZhangꎬT. C. Zhang & W. D. Zhu no. 39586 (holotypeꎬ
PEꎻ isotypeꎬGHꎬnot seen)ꎮ
本种与细梗附地菜(T. gracilipes Johnst.)在亲
缘关系上相近ꎬ但茎被开展短柔毛ꎬ叶卵形或宽卵
形ꎬ镰状聚伞花序下部有 3 ~ 6 枚苞片ꎬ萼片条状披
针形ꎬ花冠白色ꎬ喉部黄色ꎬ小坚果无柄ꎬ无毛而不
同ꎮ 在细梗附地菜ꎬ茎被糙伏毛ꎬ叶椭圆形或狭卵
形ꎬ镰状聚伞花序无苞片ꎬ萼片卵形ꎬ花冠淡蓝色ꎬ小
坚果具短柄ꎬ被短柔毛(王庆瑞ꎬ1989)ꎮ
2.2 冕宁附地菜 (变种) 图 2: F
Trigonotis muliensis W. T. Wang var. strigosa
W. T. Wangꎬvar. nov. (sect. Trigonotis) Fig. 2: F
A var. muliensi differt caulibus sparse strigosisꎬ
drepaniis omnibus a basi ad apicem bracteatisꎬ nucula
hauds tipitata glabra.
本变种的茎疏被糙伏毛ꎬ所有镰状花序均自基
部到顶端具苞片ꎬ小坚果无柄ꎬ无毛ꎬ而与木里附地
菜相区别ꎮ 在木里附地菜ꎬ茎被开展短硬毛ꎬ镰状花
序有的自基部至顶端具苞片ꎬ有的无苞片ꎬ小坚果有
不明显短柄ꎬ疏被短柔毛(王文采ꎬ1986)ꎮ
Sichuan(四川): Mianning Xian(冕宁县)ꎬ Lam ̄
agetou Nature Reserve. Niuchangꎬ upstream from Yele
Dam [Yela Xiang (冶勒乡)ꎬabove Liziping Xiang].
28°57′36″ Nꎬ102°6′13″ Eꎻ3 800-4 000 m. Thickets and
forest of mixed shrubs(SalixꎬLonicera)in ravine and in ̄
terspersed meadow ̄shrub clearings. Ravine in shade.
Corolla blue of pink. 9 July 2005.D.E.BouffordꎬJ. H.
ChenꎬK. FujikawaꎬS. L. KelleyꎬR. H. ReeꎬH. SunꎬJ.
P. YueꎬD. C. Zhang & Y. H. Zhang no. 32717(holo ̄
typeꎬPEꎻ isotypeꎬGHꎬnot seen)ꎮ
3 微孔草属 Microula Benth.
3.1 白花微孔草 图 3
Microula leucantha W. T. Wangꎬsp. nov. [sect.
Schistocaryum (Franch) W. T. Wang] Fig. 3
Species nova haec arcte affinis M. sikkimensi
(Clarke) Hemsl. estꎬa qua caulibus haud setosisꎬfoliis
basi cuneatis haud setosisꎬcorolla alba distinguitur.
Herba biennis. Radix 3.5-5.5 cm longaꎬapice 3-5
mm crassa. Caulis 8-13 cm altusꎬa basi longe ramosusꎬ
ramis basi 2.5-3.5 mm crassis sparse hispidulis. Folia
omnia caulinaꎬinfera petiolataꎬsupera breviter petiolata
vel sessilia ꎻlaminae papyraceaeꎬanguste ovatae vel ob ̄
longo ̄ ellipticaeꎬ1.2-3.4 cm longaeꎬ0.3-1.5 cm lataeꎬ
apice acutae vel obtusaeꎬbasi cuneatae vel late cunea ̄
taeꎬintegraeꎬutrinque strigulosaeꎬnervis lateralibus 1-2 ̄
jugis inconspicuisꎻpetioli usque ad 2 cm longi. Mono ̄
chasia composita terminalia vel axillariaꎬdense 8 - 20 ̄
floraꎻbracteae foliaceaeꎬobovatae vel longe ellipticaeꎬ
0.5-2 cm longaeꎻpedicelli brevesꎬusque ad 2 mm lon ̄
giꎬsuperne sparse puberuli. Sepala 5ꎬlanceolato ̄linear ̄
iaꎬ1.4-2.2 mm longaꎬ0.5-0.8 mm lataꎬextus depresse
puberulaꎬmargine dense albo ̄ciliataꎬintus glabraꎻcorol ̄
la albaꎬglabraꎬlimbo 7-8 mm in diam. 5 ̄lobatoꎬlobis
suborbicularibus circ.1.8 mm in diam.ꎬappendicibus 5
lunatis 0.6 mm longisꎬtubo 2.8 mm longoꎻstamina 5ꎬsu ̄
pra medium tubi corollae insertaꎬ glabraꎬ antheris an ̄
guste oblongis 1 mm longisꎻdiscus annularisꎬcirc. 0.2
mm altusꎬmargine undulatusꎻpistillum 2 mm longum.
Nucula (non satis matura) triangulari ̄ovoideaꎬcirc.1.8
mm longaꎬ1. 7 mm lataꎬ rugosa et sparse tuberculataꎬ
dorso supra medium foveola suboblonga circ. 0. 6 mm
912增刊 1 王文采: 紫草科新分类群
longa ornataꎬventre leviter infra medium cicatrice parva
praedita.
二年生草本ꎮ 根长 3.5 ~ 5.5 cmꎬ顶端粗 3 ~ 5
mmꎮ 茎高 8~13 cmꎬ自基部分出长分枝ꎬ枝基部粗
2.5~ 3.5 mmꎬ疏被短硬毛ꎮ 叶均茎生ꎬ下部叶具柄ꎬ
上部叶具短柄或无柄ꎻ叶片纸质ꎬ狭卵形或长圆状椭
圆形ꎬ长 1.2 ~ 3.4 cmꎬ宽 0.3 ~ 1.5 cmꎬ顶端急尖或
钝ꎬ基部楔形或宽楔形ꎬ全缘ꎬ两面被短糙伏毛ꎬ侧脉
1~ 2 对ꎬ不明显ꎻ叶柄长达 2 cmꎮ 复单歧聚伞花序
顶生或腋生ꎬ密集ꎬ有 8~20 花ꎻ苞片叶状ꎬ倒卵形或
长椭圆形ꎬ长 0.5~2 cmꎻ花梗短ꎬ长达 2 mmꎬ上部疏
被短柔毛ꎮ 萼片 5ꎬ披针状条形ꎬ长 1.4 ~ 2.2 mmꎬ宽
0.5~0.8 mmꎬ外面被贴伏短柔毛ꎬ边缘密被白色缘
毛ꎬ内面无毛ꎻ花冠白色ꎬ无毛ꎬ檐部直径 7 ~ 8 mmꎬ5
裂ꎬ裂片近圆形ꎬ直径 1.8 mmꎬ附属物 5ꎬ新月形ꎬ长
0.6 mmꎬ筒长 2.8 mmꎻ雄蕊 5ꎬ着生于花冠筒中部之
上ꎬ无毛ꎬ花药狭长圆形ꎬ长 1 mmꎻ花盘环状ꎬ高约 0.
2 mmꎬ边缘波状ꎻ雌蕊长 2 mmꎮ 小坚果(未完全成
熟) 三角状卵球形ꎬ长约 2 mmꎬ宽 1.7 mmꎬ有皱纹和
稀疏瘤状突起ꎬ背孔位于背面中部之上ꎬ近长圆形ꎬ
长约 0.6 mmꎬ着生面小ꎬ位于腹面中部之下方ꎮ
Xizang (Tibet 西藏): Jiangda Xian (江达县)ꎬ
Ca. 15 km W. of Qingnidong (Qunyido) on road to
Changdu (Chamdo) (highway 317).31°18′10″ Nꎬ97°
57′34″ Eꎻ3 925 m.Meadow.Corolla white.1 August 2004.
D.E.BouffordꎬJ.H.ChenꎬS.L.KelleyꎬJ.LiꎬR.H.ReeꎬH.
SunꎬJ.P.Yue & Y.H.Zhang no.31518 (holotypeꎬPEꎻ i ̄
sotypeꎬGHꎬnot seen).
本种在亲缘关系上与微孔草 [M. sikkimensis
(Clarke) Hemsl.]甚为接近ꎬ但茎不被刚毛ꎬ叶基部楔
形ꎬ无刚毛ꎬ花冠白色而不同ꎮ 在微孔草ꎬ茎和叶的两
面均被刚毛ꎬ叶基部圆形ꎬ花冠紫蓝色(王文采ꎬ1989)ꎮ
3.2 细茎微孔草 图 4
Microula filicaulis W. T. Wangꎬ sp. nov. ( sect.
Omphalocarpa W. T. Wang) Fig. 4
Ob nuculam dorso foveola magna nuculae saepe
fere aequilonga ornatamꎬventre prope apicem cicatrice
praeditam species nova haec ad sect. Omphalocarpam
W. T. Wang pertinetꎬ et a specie unico hujus sectionisꎬ
M. trichocarpa (Maxim.) Johnst.ꎬcaulibus decumbenti ̄
bus breviori ̄ bus gracillimis 0.3-0.5 mm crassis glabrisꎬ
foliis minoribus vulgo glabrisꎬ monochasiis 1-3 ̄florisꎬ
nucula glabra praeclare differt.
Herba biennisꎬparva. Radix 2-6 cm longaꎬapice
2-4 mm crassa. Caules 2-10ꎬdecumb ̄ entesꎬ3-12 cm
longiꎬgracillimiꎬ0 3-0.5 mm crassiꎬglabriꎬramosi. Foli ̄
a omnia caulinaꎬinfera petiolata vel sessiliaꎬlaminis pa ̄
pyraceis linerari ̄oblanceolatis obovato ̄linearibus spathu ̄
latis vel anguste oblongis 0.6-1.4 cm longis 1-4 (-6)
mm latis apice obtusis vel acutiusculis basi cuneatis in ̄
tegris glabrisꎬpetiolis usque ad 7 mm longis glabris raro
sparse ciliolatisꎬ folia supera sessiliaꎬ laminis late lin ̄
earibus obovato ̄oblongis vel ellipticis 3-7 mm longis 1.
2- 3 mm latis apice acutiusculis integris glabris raro
subtus sparsissime strigulosis. Monochasia terminalia et
axillariaꎬ 1 - 3 ̄floraꎬ glabraꎻ pedunculi gracillimiꎬ fili ̄
formesꎬ0.6-2.2 cm longiꎻbracteae longe ellipticae vel
ellipticaeꎬ3-5 mm longaeꎻpedicelli 1-14 mm longi. Se ̄
pala 5ꎬlineari ̄lanceolataꎬcirc. 2 mm longaꎬ0.6 mm la ̄
taꎬutrinque glabaraꎬ apice pilis circ. duobus brevibus
tectaꎻcorolla dilute caeruleaꎬfauce lutea (ex collectori ̄
bus)ꎬglabraꎬlimbo 4 mm in diam. 5 ̄lobatoꎬlobis orbic ̄
ulari ̄obovatis 1.2-1.4 mm in diam.ꎬappendicibus 5 lu ̄
natis 0.5 mm longisꎬtubo 1 8 mm longoꎻstamina 5ꎬsu ̄
pra medium tubi corollae insertaꎬglabraꎬantheris oblon ̄
gis 0. 5 mm longisꎻ pistillum 1 mm longum. Nucula
ovoideaꎬ2-2.5 mm longaꎬcirc. 1.6 mm lataꎬrugosaꎬdor ̄
so foveola magna anguste oblonga saepe nuculae fere ae ̄
quilongaꎬ1.2-2 mm longa ornataꎬventre sparse tubercu ̄
lataꎬprope apicem cicatrice minuta triangulari praeditaꎻ
sepala persistentia 5ꎬoblongo ̄lanceolataꎬ1. 5 - 2. 5 mm
longaꎬ0.7-1 mm lataꎬglabraꎬapice pungentia.
二年生草本ꎮ 根长 2 ~ 6 cmꎬ顶端粗 2 ~ 4 mmꎮ
茎 2 ~ 10 条ꎬ外倾ꎬ长 3 ~ 12 cmꎬ极细ꎬ粗 0.3 ~ 0. 5
mmꎬ无毛ꎬ分枝ꎮ 叶均基生ꎬ下部叶具柄:叶片纸质ꎬ
条状倒披针形ꎬ倒卵状条形ꎬ匙形或狭长圆形ꎬ长
0.6~1.4 cmꎬ宽 1~4 ( ~6) mmꎬ顶端钝或稍尖ꎬ基部
楔形ꎬ全缘ꎬ无毛ꎬ叶柄长达 7 mmꎬ无毛ꎬ偶尔疏被短
缘毛ꎻ上部叶无柄:叶片宽条形ꎬ倒卵状长圆形或椭
圆形ꎬ长 3~7 mmꎬ宽 1.2~3 mmꎬ顶端稍尖ꎬ全缘ꎬ无
毛ꎬ稀下面被少数短糙伏毛ꎮ 单歧聚伞花序顶生或
腋生ꎬ有 1 ~ 3 花ꎬ无毛ꎻ花序梗极细ꎬ丝形ꎬ长 0.6 ~
2.2 cmꎻ苞片长椭圆形ꎬ长 3 ~ 5 mmꎻ花梗长 1 ~ 14
mmꎮ 萼片 5ꎬ条状披针形ꎬ长约 2 mmꎬ宽 0.6 mmꎬ两
面无毛ꎬ顶端有约 2条短毛ꎻ花冠淡蓝色ꎬ喉部黄色ꎬ
无毛ꎬ檐部直径 4 mmꎬ附属物 5ꎬ新月形ꎬ长 0.5 mmꎬ
022 广 西 植 物 36卷
图 4 细茎微孔草 AꎬB. 二植株全形ꎻ C. 花萼和雌蕊ꎬ 2萼片被除去ꎻ D. 花冠打开ꎻ E. 小坚果ꎬ
背面观ꎻ F. 同 Eꎬ侧面关ꎻ G. 同 Eꎬ 腹面观ꎮ pꎬ 背孔ꎻ sꎬ 着生面ꎮ
Fig. 4 Microula filicaulis W.T.Wang AꎬB. Habits of two individualsꎻ C. Calyx and pistilꎬwith two sepals removedꎻ D. Corolla cut open
and spread outꎻ E. Nutletꎬdorsal viewꎻ F. The same as Eꎬlateral viewꎻ G. The same as Eꎬventral view.( from holotype) pꎬ Dorsal pitꎻ sꎬ Scar.
筒长 1.8 mmꎻ雄蕊 5ꎬ着生于花冠筒中部之上ꎬ无毛ꎬ
花药长圆形ꎬ长 0.5 mmꎻ雌蕊长 1 mmꎮ 小坚果卵球
形ꎬ长 2~ 2.5 mmꎬ宽约 1.6 mmꎬ有皱纹ꎬ背孔大ꎬ狭
长圆形ꎬ常几与小坚果等长ꎬ长 1.2~2 mmꎬ腹面有稀
疏瘤状突起ꎬ着生面小ꎬ三角形ꎬ位于腹面近顶端处ꎻ
宿存萼片 5ꎬ长圆状披针形ꎬ长 1.5~2.5 mmꎬ宽 0.7 ~
1 mmꎬ无毛ꎬ顶端锐尖ꎮ
Sichuan(四川): Hongyuan Xian(红原县)ꎬ Aba ̄
Maerkang road (highway 302) between kilometer mark ̄
er 204 and 205ꎬE of junction with highway 209 (road to
Hongyuan) and just E of the Chang Jiang Huang He
drainage divideꎬChazhen Liangzi.32°19′54″ Nꎬ102°26′
58″ Eꎻ3 730 - 3 760 m. Moist stony slope with shrub
thickets and open areas. Open stony slope. Corolla light
blue with yellow eye. 20 August 2007. D. E. Bouffordꎬ
K. FujikawaꎬS. L. KelleyꎬR. H. ReeꎬH. SunꎬB. XuꎬJ.
W. ZhangꎬT. C. Zhang & W. D. Zhu no. 40060(holo ̄
typeꎬPEꎻ isotypeꎬGHꎬnot seen).
本种由于其小坚果的背孔较大ꎬ常与小坚果近
等长ꎬ着生面位于腹面近顶端处ꎬ当是长叶微孔草组
(sect. Omphalocarpa W. T. Wang)的成员ꎬ在该组
中ꎬ本种以茎外倾ꎬ较短ꎬ极细ꎬ无毛ꎬ叶较小ꎬ通常无
122增刊 1 王文采: 紫草科新分类群
图 5 石渠齿缘草 A. 植株全形ꎻ B. 二歧聚伞花序ꎻ C. 花萼和雌蕊ꎬ2萼片被除去ꎻ D. 花冠打开ꎻ E. 小坚果ꎬ侧面关ꎻ F. 同 Eꎬ腹面观ꎮ
Fig. 5 Eritrichium serxuense W. T. Wang A. Habitꎻ B. Dichasiumꎻ C. Calyx and pistilꎬ with two sepals removedꎻ
D. Corolla cut open and spread outꎻ E. Nutletꎬ lateral viewꎻ F. The same as Eꎬ ventral view (from holotype) . sꎬ Scar.
毛ꎬ单歧聚伞花序具 1 ~ 3 花ꎬ小坚果无毛等特征与
该组的唯一种ꎬ长叶微孔草 M. trichocarpa(Maxim.)
Johnst.明显区别ꎮ 在长叶微孔草ꎬ茎直立ꎬ高 15 ~ 46
cmꎬ粗 1~2 mmꎬ被刚毛和硬毛ꎬ叶较大ꎬ长达 9 cmꎬ
两面被糙毛ꎬ复单歧聚伞花序具密集的多数花ꎬ小坚
果有短毛(王文采ꎬ1989)ꎮ
4 齿缘草属 Eritrichium Schrad.
4.1 石渠齿缘草 图 5
Eritrichium serxuense W. T. Wangꎬ sp. nov.
(sect. Eritrichiastrum Brand) Fig. 5
222 广 西 植 物 36卷
Habitu species nova haec E. gracili W. T. Wang
similis estꎬa qua caulibus superne breviter ramosisꎬfoli ̄
is omnibus caulinis haud basalibusꎬfloribus in dichasi ̄
um dispositisꎬnucula dorsi ̄ ventraliter compressa mar ̄
gine spinis acicularibus majoribus apice glochidiatis or ̄
nata valde recedit.
Herba perennis. Radix verticalisꎬcirc. 8 cm longaꎬ
8 mm crassa. Caudex 1.5-2 cm longus. Caules 5-8 fas ̄
ciculatiꎬ11-17 cm altiꎬinferne 0.8-1 mm crassiꎬdense
cinereo ̄viridi ̄strigulosiꎬsupra medium breviter ramosi.
Folia sessiliaꎬlineariaꎬ0.7-1.9 cm longaꎬ1-2.8 mm la ̄
taꎬapice obtusiusculaꎬ basi cuneataꎬ intergraꎬ utrinque
dense cinereo ̄viridi ̄strigulosa. Inflorescentiae dichasia ̄
les terminalesꎬ6-10 mm longae et lataeꎬ6-9 ̄floraeꎻpe ̄
dunduli gracilesꎬ5-12 mm longiꎻbracteae linearesꎬ0 8-
5 mm longaeꎻpedicelli 0.5-3 mm longi.Sepala 5ꎬlinear ̄
iaꎬcirc. 2.2 mm longaꎬ0.4 mm lataꎬextus strigulosaꎬin ̄
tus glabraꎻcorolla caeruleaꎬ fauce alba ( ex collectori ̄
bus)ꎬglabraꎬlimbo 5 mm in diam. 5 ̄lobatoꎬlobis late
obovatis 2-2.5 mm latisꎬappendicibus 5 humile trape ̄
zoideis 0.5 mm altisꎬtubo 1 8 mm longoꎻstamina 5ꎬsu ̄
pra medium tubi corollae insertaꎬglabraꎬantheris oblon ̄
gis 0.5 mm longisꎻpistillum 2 mm longum.Nucula dorsi ̄
ventraliter compressaꎬanguste ovataꎬcirc. 2 mm longaꎬ1
mm lataꎬmargine utrinsecus 12 ̄spinosaꎬspinis distinctis
acicularibus 0.2-0.3 mm longis majoribus apice minute
glochidiatisꎬventre infra medium cicatrice praedita.
多年生草本ꎮ 根垂直ꎬ长约 8 cmꎬ粗 8 mmꎮ 茎
基长 1.5~2 cmꎮ 茎 5~8条簇生ꎬ高 11~17 cmꎬ下部
粗 0.8 ~ 1 mmꎬ密被灰绿色短糙伏毛ꎬ中部之上有短
分枝ꎮ 叶无柄ꎬ条形ꎬ长 0.7~1.9 cmꎬ宽 1~2 8 mmꎬ
顶端微钝ꎬ基部楔形ꎬ全缘ꎬ两面密被灰绿色糙伏毛ꎮ
二歧聚伞花序顶生ꎬ长和宽均为 6 ~ 10 mmꎬ有 6 ~ 9
花ꎻ花序梗细ꎬ长 5 ~ 12 mmꎻ苞片条形ꎬ长 0. 8 ~ 5
mmꎻ花梗长 0.5~3 mmꎮ 萼片 5ꎬ条形ꎬ长约 2.2 mmꎬ
宽 0.4 mmꎬ外面被短糙伏毛ꎬ内面无毛ꎻ花冠蓝色ꎬ
喉部白色ꎬ无毛ꎬ檐部直径 5 mmꎬ5 裂ꎬ裂片宽倒卵
形ꎬ宽 2~2.5 mmꎬ附属物 5ꎬ低梯形ꎬ高 0.5 mmꎬ筒长
1.8 mmꎻ雄蕊 5ꎬ着生于花冠筒中部之上ꎬ无毛ꎬ花药
长圆形ꎬ长 0.5 mmꎻ雌蕊长 2 mm.小坚果背腹扁ꎬ狭
卵形ꎬ长约 2 mmꎬ宽 1 mmꎬ边缘每侧有 12 条刺ꎬ刺
分生ꎬ针形ꎬ长 0.2 ~ 0 3 mmꎬ较大者顶端有小锚状
刺ꎬ着生面位于小坚果腹面中部之下ꎮ
Sichuan(四川): Serxu Xian (石渠县)ꎬ N of the
town of Luoxu on road to Shiqu(Serxu)ꎬS of Shengbuka
pass.32°28′47″ Nꎬ98°1′19″ Eꎻ3 380 m. Dry slopes with
xerophytic shrubs and thickets along riverꎻ rocky soil.
Dry slope. Corolla blueꎬwhite in center. 30 July 2005.D.
E.BouffordꎬJ. H. ChenꎬK. FujikawaꎬS. L. KelleyꎬR. H.
ReeꎬH.SunꎬJ. P. YueꎬD. C. Zhang & Y. H. Zhang no.
33760 (holotypeꎬPEꎻ isotypeꎬGHꎬnot seen)ꎮ
本种在体态上与条叶齿缘草 (E. gracile W. T.
Wang)相似ꎬ但茎上部有短分枝ꎬ叶全部茎生ꎬ不基
生ꎬ花组成二歧聚伞花序ꎬ小坚果背腹扁ꎬ边缘的刺
针形ꎬ较大者顶端有锚状刺而不同ꎮ 在条叶齿缘草ꎬ
茎不分枝ꎬ叶基生并茎生ꎬ花组成镰状聚伞花序ꎬ小
坚果陀螺状ꎬ不背腹扁ꎬ边缘的刺披针状三角形ꎬ无
锚状刺 (廉永善和王镜泉ꎬ1989)ꎮ
齿缘草属的花序为镰状聚伞花序 (Bentham &
Hookerꎬ 1876ꎻ Popovꎬ 1953ꎻ 廉永善和王镜泉ꎬ
1989)ꎬ我国此属 39种植物(Zhu et al.ꎬ1995)均具镰
状聚伞花序ꎮ 本种的花序为二歧聚伞花序ꎬ 这在齿
缘草属系首次报道ꎬ在形态特征方面应是比镰状聚
伞花序原始的特征ꎮ
致谢 蒙哈佛大学 D. E. Boufford 博士赠予植
物研究所标本馆(PE)横断山区紫草科植物珍贵标
本ꎬ孙英宝先生为本文绘图ꎬ作者深为感谢ꎮ
参考文献:
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ZHU GLꎬRIEDL HꎬKAMELIM Rꎬ 1995. Eritrichium[M] / / WU
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322增刊 1 王文采: 紫草科新分类群