全 文 ：EvaluationonLandscapeApplicationofPlantsof
PotentilainDaqingCityofChina
YOUFeng-li1 , QULi-na1＊ , ZHAOXiao-ju1 , SHAOXiao-qiang1 , XUEJian-hua2 , ZHANGQi-hua1
1.LifeScienceDepartment, DaqingNormalUniversity, Daqing, Heilongjiang163712, China;2.InstituteofBotany, ChineseAcademyofSci-
ences, Beijing100093, China
Abstract　ThepaperhadanalyzednaturalconditionofDaqingAreaanddistributionofplantsofPotentilainDaqing, andsummarized9varietiesof
Potentila.Basedonfieldstudyandplotexperimentandthroughobservationoftheirbiologicaltraits, 7varietiesofPotentilahadbeenidentifiedsuit-
ableforlandscaping;andevaluationhadbeenconductedontheirlandscapeapplicationfromtheperspectiveofornament, droughtresistance, cold
resistance, tramplingresistance, adaptabilitytoenvironment, coverage, andmaintenancefrequency.Itwasconsideredthattheirornamentalefect
wasquitegood.Theyhadcertaindroughtresistanceandcoldresistance, andstrongtramplingresistance.TheseresistancesofPotentilabifurcaL.
var.glabrataLehm.andPotentilaflagelarisWildexSchlecht.werestrongerthanthatofPotentilaparadoxaNutt.andPotentilaanserinaL., and
thenPotentilachinensisSer., PotentiladiscolorBunge.andPotentilatanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.weresecondary.Thepaternandstructure
ofplantsofPotentilawerecoordinatedandunifiedwiththeenvironment.ThecoverageofP.anserinaL., P.flagelarisWildexSchlecht., andP.bifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm.washigherthanthatofP.paradoxaNut.andP.TanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.andP.discolorBunge..
PlantsofPotentiladidntneedtobemaintainedbymenandtheywereideallandscapingplants.Onthisbasis, ithadproposedsuggestionsonpro-
tectionanddevelopmentoflandscapingplantsofPotentilainDaqingCity.
Keywords　Potentila, Landscapeapplication, Evaluation
Received:April11, 2011　　Accepted:May1, 2011
SupportedbyScienceandTechnologyResearch(Guidance)Pro-
gramofEducationDepartmentofHeilongjiangProvince(11544002).
＊Correspondingauthor.E-mail:Kristina 1982@sina.com
　　Inrecentyears, withtherapiddevelopmentofurban
greeningconstruction, plantsofPotentilabecomeextremely
popularduetotheirnaturalandprotogenetictraits, strong
stressresistance, andextensivemanagement[ 1] , andhave
gradualybeentheindispensableimportantpartforgarden
greeningandbeautification.Theyareshort, resistanttotramp-
ling, withlonggreeningperiod, andflowersandleavesofthem
canbeviewed, sotheycanbeappliedinornamentallawncov-
erage, alsocanbeusedforembroideroflawns, forminggreen
lawnwithdotedyelowflowers, theornamentaleffectofwhich
isquitegood.PlantsofPotentiladontneedovermuchman-
agement, fortheyaresemi-wild, savinglaborresourcesandfi-
nancialresources.Ecologicallandscapecomposedofthemare
morestableandsustainable, andtheyaregardengreening
plantswithniceprospect[2] .Hence, thepaperhasmadeinves-
tigationonplantresourcesofPotentilainDaqingarea, evalua-
tedtheirapplicationingarden, hopingtoprovidematerialsfor
researchandreasonabledevelopmentofplantsofPotentila.
1　Naturalcondition
DaqingareaislocatedatthemiddleofSongnenPlain, and
seatedat123°45′-125°48′E, 45°23′-47°29′N.Itliesatthe
firststageofSonghuaRiverandNenRiver.Thereisnomoun-
tainandhilatthearea.Itisaplainwithlightundulating.The
northeastishigherwhilethesouthwestislower.Theelevation
is126-165 m, andtherelativeelevationis10 -39 m.Asit
belongstocontinentalmonsoonclimatetemperatezone, itsan-
nualaveragewindspeedis3.8 m/s, andeveryyearhas30 d
ofstrongwind6degreesabove.Theannualaveragetempera-
tureis4.2℃, thefrost-freeperiodis143dandannualaverage
precipitationis427.5 mm.Itisthetypicalwesternsandstorm
aridarea.Itsflorabelongstomeadowsteppetype.Themajor
soilsareblackearth, meadowsoil, salinesoil, alkalisoil, aeo-
liansoil, boggysoilandoverflowsoil.Naturalvegetationispri-
marilycomposedofmeadow steppe, salinemeadow and
marsh.
2　PlantresourcesofPotentilla
Since2008, throughroutesurvey, samplescolectionand
identification, andliteraturesearching, ithasfound9 varieties
ofplantsofPotentilainDaqingarea, whicharedistributedin
plain, atsuburb, indowntown, atroadsideandunderforestof
Daqing.Theyarealwildherbageplants.Theidentificationis
basedonnortheastplantskeyandHeilongjiangflora, andher-
bariumsheetisdepositedinherbariumofLifeScienceDepart-
ment, DaqingNormalUniversity(Table1).
3　Evaluationofgardenapplication
Throughfieldstudyandplotexperiment, bycombiningwith
observationofbiologicaltraits[ 3] , 7 varietiesofPotentilahave
beenidentifiedsuitableforlandscaping, whicharePotentilaan-
serinaL., PotentilaparadoxaNut., PotentilaflagelarisWild
exSchlecht., PotentilabifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm., Poten-
tilatanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht., PotentilachinensisSer.
andPotentiladiscolorBunge..Andevaluationhasbeencon-
JournalofLandscapeResearch　2011, 3(5):57-60 Editor:ChanZhenzhen　　Proofreader:WuXiaoyan
ductedontheirgardenapplication.
Table1　ThevarietiesofplantsofPotentilainDaqingarea
Varieties Colectionsites NO.
PotentilaanserinaL. Daqingdowntown, grassland P.001
PotentilaparadoxaNut. Daqingsuburb, roadside P.002
PotentiladiscolorBunge. Daqinggrassland P.003
PotentilaflagelarisWildexSchlecht. Daqing grassland, downtownandroadside P.004
PotentilabifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm. Daqinggrassland, forest, androadside P.005
PotentilachinensisSer. Daqinggrassland, suburb P.006
PotentilaverticilarisStephexWild. Daqinggrassland P.007
PotentilaleucophylaPal. Daqinggrassland P.008
PotentilatanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht. Daqinggrassland, suburb P.009
3.1　Ornamentaleffect　PlantsofPotentilabelongtoperen-
nialherbs, stems, leavesandflowersofwhichareornamental.
Theirstemsareslender, greenorred.P.chinensisSer.and
P.tanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.growstraight;P.paradoxa
Nutt.andP.discolorBunge.growslantingly, andP.anserina
L., P.bifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm., P.flagelarisWildex
Schlecht.creep.Theirleavesaregreen, withlonggreening
period.TheysproutinMarchinearlyspring, leafatthebegin-
ningofApril, andstilhavegreenleaveswhenitcomestoNo-
vember.Leavesaremostlypinnatelycompound, palmately
compoundorwhorl, symmetrical.Flowersareyelowandthe
colorisbrightandpure.GreenleavesofP.anserinaL., P.bi-
furcaL.var.glabrataLehm., P.flagelarisWildexSchlecht.
flowersofwhicharesolitaryandaxilary, crawlontheground,
withyelowflowersscateredinthem, forminggreenlawnwith
dotedyelowflowers.Theornamentaleffectisquitegood.
P.chinensisSer.andP.TanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.with
floriferousterminalcymeshavealargeamountofflowersinel-
egantstyle.Ornamentalvalueishigh.Whenitcomestoau-
tumn, P.paradoxaNut.turnsredcompletely, andmore
brighterinlateautumn, formingavastofred, whichisrather
beautifulviewedfromadistance(Fig.1).
Note:a.CommunityofPotentilaanserinaL.b.CommunityofPotentilabifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm.c.ThePotentilaflagelarisWild
exSchlecht.inautumnd.CommunityofPotentilatanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.
Fig.1　CommunityofplantsofPotentila
　　Fromtheperspectiveofthewholelawn, theornamental
valueofP.anserinaL., P.flagelarisWildexSchlecht.and
P.bifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm.ishigherthanthatof
P.chinensis Ser., P. Tanacetifolia Wild ex Schlecht.,
P.paradoxaNutt.andP.discolorBunge..Asfloweringshrub
orpottedflower, P.TanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.haslarger
advantage.Asembroideredflowers, P.anserinaL.and
P.discolorBunge.arebeter.
3.2　Droughtresistanceandcoldresistance　Droughtre-
sistanceisthereactionofplantstodroughtstressenvironment.
Togardengreeningplants, thefactthatwhetherplantsarein
possessionofdroughtresistanceisoneoftheimportantinde-
xesforspeciesselectionandqualityevaluation.Intheper-
spectiveofmorphologicalfeature, thesesevenvarietiesofPo-
tentilaareperennialplants, shortandclosetotheground.
Theirstemsbranchorcreep, touchingtheground, beneficialto
plantsobtainingmoreheatsfromground, sothatplantsarelo-
catedinexcelentmicroenvironment.Plantstemperaturecan
beincreasedandkept, evaporationcanbereduced, andmore
watercanbestored.Itisalifestyleformedduringplantsadap-
tingtocoldnessanddrought, developingandevolving.
Fromtheperspectiveofanatomicalstructure, peridermof
oldrootiscomposedofdeadcelscloselyarranged, andal
thesecelwalsarereinforcedbybeltornetworkincrassation,
playingtheroleofmechanicalprotectionandwater-keepingin
cortex.Vasculartissueandgroundtissue(cortexandpith)of
thesesevenvarietiestakeupsmalproportion, sotheyareof
xeromorphism.Thickgroundtissueisbeneficialtostorageof
waterandnutrientsubstances, andofpositivesignificancefor
improvementofcoldresistanceanddroughtresistanceof
plants.Anticlinalwalsofepithelialcelsofleavesareundulat-
ing, addingrigidityofcels.Thelargertheflexibilityofanticlinal
walsofepithelialcelsis, theclosercelsare, andmoreobvi-
oustheprotectionefectis, whichisthemanifestationofplants
strongresistancetocoldanddrought[4-5] .Thelongertheepi-
dermalhairsare, thestrongerthecoldresistanceis.SHENG
Zhao-jiang[ 6] hasproposedthatvarietieswithstrongdroughtre-
sistancehavesmalstomatalindex, andvarietieswithweak
droughtresistancehavehighstomatalindex.Itcanbeinferred
thatthesesevenvarietiesareinpossessionofcertaindrought
resistanceandcoldresistance.
Testofdroughtresistance:inthefirsttendaysofhotJuly
(norainfalinDaqing), plotareasofthesesevenvarietiesare
setunderdroughtstress.Theyalgrowexposingtodirectsun-
shine.Thechangeofshapeandcoloroftheirleavesandtheir
growthhavebeenobservedandrecorded(Table2).
58 JournalofLandscapeResearch 2011
Table2　Testsofdroughtresistance
NO. VarietiesandContrast Thefirstweek Thesecondweek Afterwatering
1 PotentilaanserinaL. Leavesstretchnormalyinthemorn-ingandatnight, andwitheratnooneveryday
Individualleavesbecomeyelowatedge, curlyintheafternoon, andupperpartofleafletsonindi-vidualplantswither
Recoverafterwatering
2 Potentila flagelarisWildexSchlecht. Leavesstretchnormalyinthemorn-ingandatnight, andwitheratnooneveryday
Leavesonindividualplantsbecomeyelowslight-lyattheedgeatlaterperiod Recoverafterwateringoneday
3 Potentila paradoxaNut. Leavesstretchnormalyinthemorn-ingandatnight, andwitheratnooneveryday
Leavesonindividualplantsbecomeyelowslight-lyattheedgeatlaterperiod Recoverafterwateringoneday
4 PotentilabifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm. Plantsgrowwel, neverwither Leavesatlowerpartofplantsbecomewitheredandyelow, atupperpartarenormal, andthein-tegrityofstemlengthisgood
Plantsrecovertogrow andleavesbecomedense
5 Potentila chinensisSer. Leavesstretchnormalyinthemorn-ingandatnight, andwitheratnooneveryday
Individualplantsbecomewitheredandyelow,andtheoveralplantsbecomewitheredatnoon Plants recover tal andstraightfastafterwatering
6 Potentilatanacetifo-liaWildexSchlecht. Leavesstretchnormalyinthemorn-ingandatnight, andwitheratnooneveryday
Individualplantsbecomewitheredandyelow,andtheoveralplantsbecomewitheredatnoon Plants recover tal andstraightfastafterwatering
7 PotentiladiscolorBunge. Plantsgrowwel, neverwither Plantshaventbecome withered and yelow,leavesdroop, alitlewithered Plants recoverafterwate-ring, talandstraight
8 Campusartificiallawn Thewholeplantsareinwitheringstate Twoweekslater, witheredpatchesform duetodrought After watering, witheringpartisdificulttorecoverNote:Thefirstsevenvarietiesaretestedplantsandtheeighthplantiscontrastplant.
　　ThetestresultshowsthatplantsofPotentilaaregeneraly
havestrongerdroughtresistancecomparedwithotherplants.
Withcontinuinghightemperatureandwithoutrainfal, theycan
bebasicalyinnormalgrowth, andornamentalvaluehasnt
beenafected.Whileunderthesamesituation, campuscon-
structedlawnwilbecomewitheredpatch.Thewitheredpartis
dificulttorecoverevenifafterwatering.Itindicatesthatplants
ofPotentilahavestrongdroughtresistance.
ItcanbeknownthatP.bifurcaL.var.glabrataLehm.,
P.discolorBunge., P.flagelarisWildexSchlecht.and
P.anserinaL.havestrongerresistancetodroughtandinfertil-
ity.P.paradoxaNutt., P.TanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.and
P.chinensisSer.haveweakerresistancetodrought.Inac-
cordancewithdiferentresistances, theywilbeselectedtoem-
broiderflowerbedorlawn, tocultivateunderforestandat
roadside, orcolocatewithwaterscapeorrocksandsoon.
3.3　Resistancetotrampling　Theconnotationofresistance
totramplingismostlyappliedinlawn.Itreferstothecapacity
oflawntorecoveritselfafterbeingtrampled.Andthiscapacity
isgeneralyrepresentedbyresistancetotrampling.Toopen
lawn, resistancetotramplingisoneofthemostimportantinde-
xestoevaluatelawnsquality, anditisthevitalpremisefor
qualitystabilityofopenlawn.
Measurementmethod:plantsofPotentilahealthilygrowing
infulexposurewouldbetrampledbyapersonweighing50 kg
fortentimestiltheywerenotassmoothandsoftasbefore.
Butafterthreedays, theyhadrecovered.Andthentheywould
betrampledagain.Thisprocesshadbeenconductedsix
times, andrecoveryconditionshadbeenrecorded.Theresult
showsthatplantsofPotentilagrowupwardswheninnormal
growth.Astheirstemsarecrawlingorsemi-slanting, stemsget
morechancestotouchwithgroundafterbeingtrampledfora
longtime, producingmanyadventitiousroots.Newleaves
sproutconstantlyandplantsgrowmoredensely.Meanwhile,
theynolongergrowupwardsbuttouchingground, andbecome
shorterandshortersoastoadapttoadversesituation.The
playgroundincampusisovergrownwithnaturalygrowingPo-
tentilaplants, whicharefulofvigorthoughbeingtrampled
usualy, implyingthattheyhavestrongresistancetotrampling.
Intermsofresistancetotrampling, P.bifurcaL.var.gla-
brataLehm.andP.flagelarisWildexSchlecht.arestronger
thanP.paradoxaNutt.andP.anserinaL., andP.chinensis
Ser., P.discolorBunge.andP.TanacetifoliaWildex
Schlecht.comesecond.Inlinewihttheircharacters, theycan
beappliedingreenlandofplayground, footbalfield, roadside
andstreetside.
3.4　Adaptabilitytoenvironment　Throughfieldsurvey, it
hasbeenfoundthatplantsofPotentilacangrowweleitherin
thesoilwithlooseness, airpermeabilityandgooddewatering,
orathardenedstreetside.Buttheirgrowthconditionsvary
fromeachothergreatly.Plantsinthesoilwithlooseness, air
permeabilityandgooddewateringcangrowverystrong, while
plantsathardenedstreetsidegrowverylow.PlantsofPotentil-
laalsohavestrongadaptabilitytosaline-alkalisoilandhungry
soil.Theycannormalygrowinblacksoil, meadow, high
mountainmeadow, andsalinizedmeadowsofdiferentde-
grees.WhenpHis6-8, theycanfruitnormaly.Inappropriate
situation, fibrousrootsandcreepingstemsgrowrapidly, form-
inglargecoveringsurface.Vegetationwithlargerootsystem
havestrongcapacityresistingflood, drought, cold, salineand
alkaliandinfertility, andpreventingwind, reinforcingsoiland
storingwater, whichisoneofthepioneeringspeciesondeteri-
oratedgrasslandorsecondarysuccessionland.
Intermsofmorphologicalfeature, stemsbranchfast, with
strongvitality, andstemscreeptoadapttodroughtenviron-
ment.Fromtheperspectiveofanatomicalstructure, thevascu-
lartissueofrootsofPotentilaplantspresentstobeofradia-
tion.Thetalertheplantsare, thelargerthequantityofvascu-
59YOUFeng-lietal.EvaluationonLandscapeApplicationofPlantsofPotentilainDaqingCityofChina
lartissueis.Rootsofthisstructurearebeneficialtoabsorption
andhorizontaltransportationofwater, soastoincreaseconve-
yingefficiencyandenhanceplantscapacityresistingphysiolog-
icaldroughtcausedbysalinesoil.Epidermalhairsofleaves
canpreventscorchingbyeffectivelyreflectinghighlight, and
avoidwaterevaporationandanimalsgnawing.AsplantsofPo-
tentilaareshortandsmal, theycannotshelterforeachother.
Thus, thefunctionofevolutionofepidermalhairsshouldbenot
neglectedtoplantsgrowinginsaline-alkalisoil.Parenchyma
tissuesofroot, stemsandleavesaredistributedwithclustered
crystalsofdiferentquantities.Itisgeneralyconsideredthat
crystalsarewastesofmetabolism.Andithasbeenreported
thatcrystalshavenorelationwithphysiologicalresistanceof
plants, canenhanceplantsresistancetodroughtandcold.
Crystalsincelscanchangecelsosmoticpressure, increase
waterabsorptionandretentionability, soastoadapttotheen-
vironmentshortofwater.Crystalsinplantscancolectredun-
dantsalt, avoidingbeingpoisoned.Thesecelswithcrystals
areofpositivesignificanceforplantsaccommodationtoaridar-
eaorsaline-alkaliarea.BasedonhabitatofPotentila, itcan
beseenthatplantsshapeandstructurearecoordinatingand
unifiedwiththeirenvironment.
3.5　Coveragedegree　LeavesofplantsofPotentilaare
5.2-17.2 cm longand3.2 -8.9 cm wide.Branchesand
stemscreeprapidly, branchesandleavescoveringeachother,
sothecoveragedegreeishigh.Throughobservation, ithas
been foundthatP.TanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.and
P.chinensisSer.growupright, P.paradoxaNut.growup-
rightamongdensecommunitywhilecreeporgrow slanting
amongsparsecommunity.Coverageofcreepingplantsisbet-
terthanthatuprightandslantingplants.Therefore, coverage
ofP.anserinaL., P.flagelarisWildexSchlecht.andP.bi-
furcaL.var.glabrataLehm.issuperiortothatofP.paradoxa
Nut., P.TanacetifoliaWildexSchlecht.andP.discolorBunge.
3.6　Maintenancefrequency　PlantsofPotentilainplotarea
havebeenobserved.Theplantsgrowentirelydependingon
naturalenvironmentandclimaticregulation, notneedingartificial
careandmaintenance.Themaintenancefrequencyislow.They
canbemanagedextensively, neednopruning, orstilcangrow
normalyafterbeingpruned, withlessplantdiseasesandinsect
pests.Theyareideallandscapingandgreeningplants.
4　Reflectionsandsuggestions
Since1981, DaqingCityhasintroducedalargeamountof
lawnplantsforurbangreening.However, duetorestrictednat-
uralcondition, costsforsoilreplacement, irrigationandmainte-
nancearehigh.Inaddition, thespeciesaremonotonousand
mostplants have retrograded. Among these retrograded
plants, Potentilaplantsbecomedominantspecies, evensome
varietieshaveformedplantcommunity.Potentilaplantsare
widelydistributedonDaqingPlain, withmultiplevarieties,
adaptingtolocaldryclimate, desertificationandsaline-alkali
soil.Sotheyarepreciousresourcesforurbanlandscapingand
greening.Nevertheless, theyhavebeenseldomappliedingar-
dens.Therefore, itshouldcarryoutprotectionanddevelop-
mentassoonaspossible.
Daqing, astheimportantoilandchemicalproductionbase
inChina, isthefamousresources-basedcity, havingmade
greatcontributiontonationaleconomy.Meanwhile, itsecology
hasbeenseriouslydamaged;grasslandandwetlandvegetation
becamedegenerated.Throughsurveyofplantsresourcesof
PotentilainDaqingarea, itisregardedthatplantsofPotentila
playavitalroleingardengreeningandrecoveryofgrassland
vegetation[ 3] .Itsuggestscombiningresourcesutilizationwith
recoveryofecologicalsystem, establishingseedlingbase, and
positivelyconductingresearchesonresistanceandseedstock
breeding, siftingandcultivatinglawncoverplantsadaptingto
differentecologicalenvironments, ontheonehand, satisfying
needofgardengreening, andontheotherhand, providing
seedlingsfortreatmentofgrasslanddeterioration, Finaly, the
purposeofbothdevelopmentandtreatmentprotectionwil
achieve.
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大庆地区委陵菜属植物园林应用评价
尤凤丽 1 ,曲丽娜 1＊ ,赵晓菊 1 ,邵小强 1 ,薛建华 2 ,张启华 1　(1.大庆师范学院生命科学学院 ,黑龙江大庆 163712;2.中国科学院植物研究所 ,
北京 100093)
基金项目　黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究(指导)项目(11544002)。
作者简介　尤凤丽(1962-),女 ,黑龙江巴彦人 ,副教授 ,硕士 ,从事植物学和植物生态恢复研究 , E-mail:fengli you@sina.com。 ＊通讯作者 ,讲师 ,
博士 ,从事植物恢复研究 , E-mail:Kristina 1982@sina.com。
收稿日期　 2011-04-11　　修回日期　 2011-05-01
60 JournalofLandscapeResearch 2011