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云实属植物的化学成分与生物活性研究进展



全 文 :2015 年 5 月 第 17 卷 第 5 期 中国现代中药 Modern Chinese Medicine May 2015 Vol. 17 No. 5
·综述·
*[通信作者] 耿頔,博士,讲师,研究方向:天然药物化学;E-mail:gengyiliang_ hqu@ 163. com
云实属植物的化学成分与生物活性研究进展
马轩1,耿頔1* ,易立涛1,翁连进1
(华侨大学厦门校区 化工学院,福建 厦门 361021)
[摘要] 查阅国内外相关文献,对 2005 年以来报道的云实属植物的化学成分及其生物活性进行综述。云实属
植物中含有萜类、黄酮类、甾体等多种化学成分,具有抗病毒、抗炎、抗疟疾、抗肿瘤等生物活性。
[关键词] 云实属;二萜化合物;生物活性
Advances in Research of Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Caesalpinia Plants
MA Xuan,GENG Di* ,YI Litao,WENG Lianjin
(College of Chemical Engineering,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,China)
[Abstract] Objective:To summarize the chemical and pharmacological advances of genus Ceasalpiana
(Caesalpiniaceae)since 2005. Several classes of chemical compounds,such as flavonoids,diterpenoids,and steroids,have
been isolated from various species which were reported to show a wide range of pharmacological properties,including antiviral,
anti-inflammatory,antitumor and antimicrobial activities.
[Keywords] Caesalpinia;diterpenoids;biological activity
doi:10. 13313 / j. issn. 1673-4890. 2015. 5. 022
云实属(Caesalpinia L. )植物约有 120 ~ 150
个物种,为一多元属(polyphyletic)。东南亚是云
实亚科的一个分布中心,中国云实属植物有 20 个
物种,从热带到温带地区均有分布[1]。该属植物
有云实 Caesalpinia decapetala、苦石莲 Caesalpinia
minax Hance、苏木 Caesalpinia sappan L. 入药,多
作为民间用药,其根、皮、种子入药可用于治疗
发热、疟疾、风湿病等病症[2]。吴兆华等[2]对
2005 年之前报道的云实属化学成分及药理作用进
行综述,云实属植物部分化学成分表现出较强的
体外生物活性,具有广阔的应用前景和较大的研
究价值。本文对 2005 年以来有关云实属植物化
学成分和生物活性方面的报道进行综述,概括了
近年来云实属植物的研究概况,为其深入的研究
提供参考。
1 化学成分
目前对该属植物的研究,主要报道了二萜、黄
酮等化学成分。
1. 1 二萜类化合物
从该属得到 140 余个二萜类化合物,主要是
cassane 二萜和 norcassane 二萜。在 C. pulcherrima、
C. crista、C. sappan、C. minax 等植物中都有文献报
道[3-31],结构式如图 1 所示。
1. 2 黄酮类化合物
在 C. pulcherrima、C. millettii Hook. 、C. digyna
Rottler等植物中均发现了黄酮类化合物[32-41],结构
式如图 2 所示。
1. 3 其他
除了二萜类和黄酮类化学成分,在该属植物也发
现了其他类型的化合物[28,42-48],结构式如图 3所示。
2 生物活性
2. 1 抗炎、抗氧化活性
Min 等[35]从 C. sappan L 分离得到化学成分
protosappanin A、3-deoxysappanchalcone,以 RAW264. 7
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2015 年 5 月 第 17 卷 第 5 期 中国现代中药 Modern Chinese Medicine May 2015 Vol. 17 No. 5
图 1 云实属植物中的二萜类化合物
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图 2 云实属植物中的黄酮类化合物
图 3 云实属植物中的其他化合物
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巨噬细胞中脂多糖(LPS)诱导的一氧化氮(NO)产量
进行抗炎活性评价,表现出较强的抑制效果:IC50值
分别为 12. 5、8. 1 μmol·L -1。Yodsaoue Orapun等[27]
从 C. pulcherrima分离得到 pulcherrins K、L、M 等也
有潜在的抗炎活性。Hu Jun[46]研究了 C. sappan L.
干燥 心 材 95% 乙 醇 提 取 液,从 中 分 离 得 到
protosappanin A、B 和 brazilein,在体外均有较好的
抗氧化活性。
2. 2 抗肿瘤活性
Caesalpinolide A-E 均从热带云实豆中得到。
Caesalpinolide A和 B是差向异构体,抑制 MCF-7 乳
腺癌细胞系细胞增殖的半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别
为 12. 8、6. 1 μmol·L -1,同时伴有抑制子宫内膜癌
和宫 颈 癌 细 胞 系 细 胞 增 殖 的 作 用。此 外,
Caesalpinolide D在对抗宫颈癌、前列腺癌和乳腺癌
细胞系细胞增殖方面也表现出较好的活性[10,13]。
Ma Guoxu 等[8] 从苦石莲种子中分离得到
Caesalpin A-H,Caesalpin A 表现出较强的抗恶性细
胞增生的活性:对 HepG-2 细胞的 IC50值为 4. 7 μmol
·L -1,对 MCF-7 细胞的 IC50值为 2. 1 μmol·L
-1。
2. 3 抗疟疾活性
Bonducellpins E-G 是从热带云实豆(C. bonduc)
种子乙酸乙酯溶性部位分离得到的。对耐多药菌株
K1 恶性疟原虫生长表现出较好的抑制活性,IC50值
分别为 1. 6、5. 8、3. 8 μmol·L -1[22]。
3 结论
云实属植物具有较好的生物活性,近些年主要
的研究方向集中在二萜类化合物上,并且报道了很
多具有较强生物活性的化学成分。需要继续深入进
行云实属植物化学成分的研究,探讨其抗肿瘤、抗
氧化、抗炎等方面的生物活性,提高云实属植物资
源的综合利用价值。
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(收稿日期 2014-09-21)
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