全 文 :天然产物研究与开发 Nat Prod Res Dev 2012,24:618-621
文章编号:1001-6880(2012)05-0618-04
收稿日期:2011-05-26 接受日期:2011-09-06
* 通讯作者 Tel:86-551-5169227;E-mail:kunhong_8@ 163. com
虎皮小牛肝菌的化学成分研究
杜子伟1,2,刘吉开2,项 晨1,2,王 刚1 *
1安徽中医学院药学院,现代中药安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230031;
2中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室,昆明 650204
摘 要:采用硅胶、RP-18、Sephadex LH-20 等多种材料进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱分析进行结构鉴定,
从虎皮小牛肝菌(Boletinus pictus)子实体的氯仿 /甲醇(1∶ 1,v /v)提取部位中分离并鉴定了 9 个化合物,它们分
别为:亚油酸甲酯(1)、9(Z)-十八烷烯酸(2)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3)、麦角甾-4,6,8(14) ,22-四烯-3-酮
(4)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四醇(5)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(7)、烟酰胺(8)和
尿嘧啶核苷(9)。所有化合物均是首次从虎皮小牛肝菌中得到。
关键词:虎皮小牛肝菌;化学成分;邻苯二甲酸二丁脂,烟酰胺
中图分类号:R284. 2 文献标识码:A
Chemical Constituents of Boletinus pictus
DU Zi-wei1,2,LIU Ji-kai 2,XIANG Chen1,2,WANG Gang1 *
1Department of Pharmacy,Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Anhui Key Laboratory for Modern Chinese Materia
Medica,Hefei 230031,China;2State Key Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Sustained Utilization of Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China
Abstract:Nine compounds were separated and purified from the CHCl3 /CH3OH (1∶ 1,v /v)extract of Boletinus pictus
by silica gel,Rp-18,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,respectively. Their structures were identified as methyl li-
noleata (1) ,oleic acid (2) ,(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (3) ,(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14) ,22-tetraen-
3-one (4) ,trihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β,9α-tetraol (5) ,dibutyl phthalate (6) ,diisobutyl phthalate (7) ,
nicotinamide (8) ,and uridine (9)on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. All compounds
are isolated from this fungus for the first time.
Key words:Boletinus pictus;chemical components;dibutyl phthalate;nicotinamide
虎皮小牛肝菌(Boletinus pictus)为牛肝菌科小
牛肝菌属高等真菌,子实体小,菌盖宽 3 ~ 7. 8 cm,
扁半球形,淡黄褐色。分布于黑龙江、吉林、江苏等
地。可食用,味好[1]。目前未见该菌化学成分的文
献报道。为了从真菌中寻找具有生物活性的次生代
谢产物,笔者对虎皮小牛肝菌子实体进行了系统的
化学成分研究,从其氯仿 /甲醇(1∶ 1,v /v)提取物中
分离得到 9 个已知化合物,经波谱解析分别鉴定为:
亚油酸甲酯(1)、9(Z)-十八烷烯酸(2)、麦角甾-5,
7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3)、麦角甾-4,6,8(14) ,22-四烯-
3-酮(4)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四醇
(5)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯
(7)、烟酰胺(8)和尿嘧啶核苷 (9)。
1 仪器与材料
熔点由四川大学科学仪器厂生产的 XRC-1 型
显微熔点仪测定,温度计未校正;质谱由 VG Auto-
Spec-3000 质谱仪测定;核磁共振由 Bruker AV-400
和 DRX-500 测定,内标为 TMS,其中1H NMR 在 400
MHz和 500 MHz 下测定,13 C NMR 在 100 MHz 和
125 MHz下测定;分析型和制备型 HPLC 为 Agilent
1100 HPLC,色谱柱为 Agilent Zorbax SB-C18和 YMC
柱;柱层析硅胶(80 ~ 100 目和 200 ~ 300 目)以及
GF254薄层硅胶板均为青岛海洋化工厂生产;反相材
料 Lichroprep Rp-18 (40 ~ 63 μm)为 Merck 公司产
品;Sephadex LH-20 为瑞典 Amersham Biosciences公
司产品;显色方法为荧光灯下波长 254 nm 和 365
nm处观察荧光,10%硫酸乙醇溶液和硫酸香草醛处
DOI:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2012.05.004
理后加热显色及碘蒸气显色。
虎皮小牛肝菌于 2009 年 8 月份采集于长白山
自然保护区,由中科院昆明植物研究所杨祝良研究
员鉴定,标本存于昆明植物研究所标本馆。
2 提取与分离
虎皮小牛肝菌干燥子实体(270 g) ,用氯仿 /甲
醇(1∶ 1,v /v)提取三次,合并减压浓缩得 83 g 粗提
物。经硅胶柱层析,用石油醚 /丙酮(100∶ 1 ~1∶ 100)系
统梯度洗脱得 6 个流分(A-F)。流分 B(石油醚-乙
酸乙酯,80∶ 1)经 Sephadex LH-20 柱层析,以氯仿-甲
醇(1∶ 1)洗脱得 2 个亚组份,其中流份 B1 经硅胶柱
层析,以石油醚洗脱得到化合物 1(14. 3 mg)。B2
经过硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-氯仿(2∶ 1)洗脱得到化
合物 2(319. 0 mg)。流份 C(石油醚-乙酸乙酯,30
∶ 1)经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-丙酮(10∶ 1)洗脱得两
个亚组份,其中 C1 经重结晶得到化合物 3(267. 0
mg) ,C2 经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-丙酮(9 ∶ 1)洗脱
得到化合物 4(30. 4 mg)。流份 D(石油醚-乙酸乙
酯,10∶ 1)经 Sephadex LH-20 柱层析,以氯仿-甲醇
(1∶ 1)洗脱,再经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-丙酮(4∶ 1)
洗脱得到化合物 5(57. 4 mg)。流份 E(石油醚-乙
酸乙酯,1∶ 1)经 Sephadex LH-20 柱层析,以氯仿-甲
醇(1∶ 1)洗脱得 2 个亚组份,其中流份 E1 经制备高
压液相分别得到化合物 6(13. 2 mg)和 7(13. 5
mg)。E2 经过 RP-18 反相柱层析,以甲醇-水(1 ∶ 1-
100∶ 1)梯度洗脱得到化合物 8(27. 3 mg)和 9(87. 0
mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物 1 亚油酸甲酯,C19H34 O2,淡黄色油状
物;EI-MS m/z (%) :294[M]+(45) ,263 (34) ,220
(2) ,149 (18) ,109 (40) ,95 (77) ,81 (100) ,74
(31) ,67 (88) ;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5. 35
(4H,m,H-9,H-10,H-12,H-13) ,3. 66 (3H,s,
-OCH3) ,2. 77 (2H,t,J = 6. 8 Hz,H-11) ,2. 30 (2H,
t,J = 7. 2 Hz,H-2) ,2. 04 (4H,m,H-8 and H-14) ,
1. 60 (2H,m,H-3) ,1. 25 ~ 1. 37 (m,H-4 ~ H-7 and
H-15 ~ H-17 ) ,0. 88 (3H,t,J = 6. 8 Hz,H-18) ;13 C
NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:174. 3 (s,C-1) ,130. 1
(d,C-9) ,130. 0 (d,C-10) ,128. 0 (d,C-12) ,127. 8
(d,C-13) ,51. 4 (q,-OCH3) ,34. 0 (t,C-2) ,31. 9
(t,C-8) ,31. 5 (t,C-14) ,29. 7 ~ 22. 5 (t,C-3 ~ C-7
and C-15 ~ C-17) ,14. 0 (q,C-18)。以上数据与文
献[2]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为亚油酸甲酯。
化合物 2 9(Z)-十八烷烯酸,C18 H34 O2,淡黄
色油状物;EI-MS m/z (%) :282 [M]+ (27) ,264
(50) ,256 (36) ,111(47) ,97 (70) ,83 (74) ,69
(80) ,57 (70) ,55 (100) ;1H NMR (CDCl3,400
MHz)δ:5. 34 (2H,m,H-9 and H-10) ,2. 34 (2H,t,J
= 7. 5 Hz,H-2) ,2. 04 (4H,m,H-8 and H-11) ,1. 61
(2H,m,H-3) ,1. 20 ~ 1. 35 (m,H-4 ~ H-7 and H-12
~ H-17) ,0. 89 (3H,t,J = 6. 8 Hz,H-18) ;13 C NMR
(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:180. 6 (s,C-1) ,130. 0 (d,C-
10) ,129. 7 (d,C-9) ,34. 1 (t,C-2) ,31. 9 (t,C-16) ,
29. 0 ~ 29. 7 (t,C-4 ~ C-7 and C-12 ~ C-15 ) ,27. 2
(t,C-8 and C-11) ,24. 6 (t,C-3) ,22. 7 (t,C-17) ,
14. 1 (q,C-18)。以上数据与文献[3]数据报道一致,
确定该化合物为 9(Z)-十八烷烯酸。
化合物 3 麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇,C28 H44
O,白色晶体;mp 152 ~ 154 ℃;EI-MS m/z (%) :396
[M]+(55) ,363 (61) ,337 (40) ,271 (17) ,253
(48) ,211 (37) ,197 (28) ,185 (23) ,171 (30) ,157
(55) ,143 (57) ,131 (27) ,119 (30) ,91 (28) ,81
(27) ,69 (100) ,55 (56) ;1H NMR (CDCl3,400
MHz)δ:5. 58 (1H,m,H-6) ,5. 38 (1H,m,H-7) ,
5. 14 ~ 5. 26 (2H,m,H-22 and H-23) ,3. 60 (1H,m,
H-3) ,1. 03 (3H,d,J = 6. 8 Hz,H-21) ,0. 95 (3H,s,
H-19) ,0. 92 (3H,d,J = 6. 9 Hz,H-28) ,0. 84 (3H,
d,J = 6. 9 Hz,H-27) ,0. 82 (3H,d,J = 6. 9 Hz,H-
26) ,0. 61 (3H,s,H-18) ;13 C NMR (CDCl3,100
MHz)δ:38. 4 (t,C-1) ,32. 1 (t,C-2) ,70. 5 (d,C-
3) ,40. 9 (t,C-4) ,139. 8 (s,C-5) ,119. 6 (d,C-6) ,
116. 4 (d,C-7) ,141. 3 (s,C-8) ,46. 4 (d,C-9) ,
37. 1 (s,C-10) ,21. 2 (t,C-11) ,39. 2 (t,C-12) ,
42. 9 (s,C-13) ,54. 6 (d,C-14) ,23. 0 (t,C-15) ,
28. 3 (t,C-16) ,55. 9 (d,C-17) ,12. 1 (q,C-18) ,
16. 3 (q,C-19) ,40. 4 (d,C-20) ,21. 2 (q,C-21) ,
135. 6 (d,C-22) ,132. 1 (d,C-23) ,42. 8 (d,C-24) ,
33. 1 (d,C-25) ,19. 9 (q,C-26) ,19. 7 (q,C-27) ,
17. 6 (q,C-28)。以上数据与文献[4]数据报道一致,
确定该化合物为麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇。
化合物 4 麦角甾-4,6,8(14) ,22-四烯-3-酮,
C28H40O,浅黄色晶体;mp 112 ~ 114 ℃;EI-MS m/z
(%) :392 [M]+ (15) ,377 (3) ,349 (4) ,268
(100) ,253 (30) ,214 (26) ,173 (23) ,69 (47) ;1H
916Vol. 24 杜子伟等:虎皮小牛肝菌的化学成分研究
NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6. 58 (1H,d,J = 9. 4 Hz,
H-7) ,6. 00 (1H,d,J = 9. 4 Hz,H-6) ,5. 70 (1H,s,
H-4) ,5. 24 (1H,dd,J = 15. 2 Hz,7. 2 Hz ,H-23) ,
5. 18 (1H,dd,J = 15. 2 Hz,7. 2 Hz ,H-22) ,1. 21 ~
2. 53 (18H,m,steroid necleus) ,1. 03 (3H,d,J = 6. 6
Hz,H-21) ,0. 97 (3H,m,H-19) ,0. 93 (3H,s,H-
18) ,0. 90 (3H,d,J = 6. 8 Hz,H-28) ,0. 82 (3H,d,J
= 6. 8 Hz,H-27) ,0. 78 (3H,d,J = 6. 6 Hz,H-26) ;
13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34. 1 (t,C-1) ,19. 0
(t,C-2) ,199. 3 (s,C-3) ,123. 0 (d,C-4) ,164. 2 (s,
C-5) ,124. 5 (d,C-6) ,133. 9 (d,C-7) ,124. 3 (s,C-
8) ,44. 0 (d,C-9) ,36. 8 (s,C-10) ,25. 4 (t,C-11) ,
34. 2 (t,C-12) ,44. 0 (s,C-13) ,156. 0 (s,C-14) ,
35. 7(t,C-15) ,27. 7 (t,C-16) ,55. 8 (d,C-17) ,16. 7
(q,C-18) ,18. 9 (q,C-19) ,39. 2 (d,C-20) ,21. 2
(q,C-21) ,135. 0 (d,C-22) ,132. 6 (d,C-23) ,42. 9
(d,C-24) ,33. 1 (d,C-25) ,19. 7 (t,C-26) ,20. 0
(q,C-27) ,17. 6 (q,C-28)。以上数据与文献[5]数
据报道一致,确定该化合物为麦角甾-4,6,8(14) ,
22-四烯-3-酮。
化合物 5 麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四
醇,C28H46O4,白色粉末;FAB-MS (neg. )m/z (%) :
445[M-H]-(100) ;1H NMR (C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:
5. 82 (1H,d,J = 4. 0 Hz,H-7) ,5. 21 (2H,m,H-22
and H-23) ,4. 81 (1H,m,H-3) ,4. 43 (1H,d,J = 4. 0
Hz,H-6) ,3. 05 (1H,dd,J = 12. 8 Hz,12. 8 Hz,H-
4ax) ,3. 05 (1H,dd,J = 12. 8 Hz,4. 9 Hz,H-4eq) ,
1. 60 (3H,s,H-19) ,1. 06 (3H,d,J = 6. 6 Hz,H-
21) ,0. 94 (3H,d,J = 7. 0 Hz,H-28) ,0. 85 (3H,d,J
= 6. 6 Hz,H-27) ,0. 84 (3H,d,J = 6. 6 Hz,H-26) ,
0. 69 (3H,s,H-18) ;13C NMR (C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:
29. 1 (t,C-1) ,32. 5 (t,C-2) ,67. 4 (d,C-3) ,42. 1
(t,C-4) ,75. 1 (s,C-5) ,73. 9 (d,C-6) ,121. 3 (s,C-
7) ,143. 0 (s,C-8) ,78. 7 (s,C-9) ,41. 4 (s,C-10) ,
28. 5 (t,C-11) ,36. 0 (t,C-12) ,44. 2 (s,C-13) ,
51. 3 (d,C-14) ,23. 5 (t,C-15) ,28. 3 (t,C-16) ,
56. 3 (d,C-17) ,12. 1 (q,C-18) ,22. 4 (q,C-19) ,
40. 8 (d,C-20) ,21. 4 (q,C-21) ,136. 2 (d,C-22) ,
132. 2 (d,C-23) ,43. 1 (d,C-24) ,33. 4 (d,C-25) ,
19. 9 (q,C-26) ,20. 1 (q,C-27) ,17. 7 (q,C-28)。
以上数据与文献[6,7]数据报道一致,确定该化合物
为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四醇。
化合物 6 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,C16H22 O4,无色
油状物;ESI-MS m/z:279[M + H]+,301[M +
Na]+;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7. 70 (2H,m,
H-3 and H-6) ,7. 51 (2H,m,H-4 and H-5) ,4. 29
(4H,t,J = 6. 7 Hz,H-2 and H-2) ,1. 71 (4H,m,H-
3 and H-3) ,1. 42 (4H,m,H-4 and H-4) ,0. 94
(6H,t,J = 7. 4 Hz,H-5 and H-5) ;13 C NMR
(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:167. 6 (s × 2,C-1 and C-1) ,
132. 2 (s × 2,C-1 and C-2) ,130. 9 (d × 2,C-4 and C-
5) ,128. 8 (d × 2,C-3 and C-6) ,65. 5 (t × 2,C-2
and C-2) ,30. 5 (t × 2,C-3 and C-3) ,19. 1 (t ×
2,C-4 and C-4) ,13. 7 (q × 2,C-5 and C-5)。以
上数据与文献[8]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为邻
苯二甲酸二丁酯。
化合物 7 邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯,C16H22 O4,无
色油状物;EI-MS m/z (%) :279[M + H]+(10) ,241
(7) ,223 (16) ,205 (13) ,191 (7) ,149 (100) ,135
(6) ,123 (9) ,109 (10) ,95 (11) ,81 (7) ,69 (10) ,
57 (9) ;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7. 70 (2H,
m,H-3 and H-6) ,7. 51 (2H,m,H-4 and H-5) ,4. 07
(4H,d,J = 6. 7 Hz,H-2 and H-2) ,2. 01 (2H,m,
H-3 and H-3) ,0. 94 (12H,d,J = 6. 8 Hz,H-4,H-
4,H-5,H-5) ;13 C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:
167. 6 (s × 2,C-1 and C-1) ,132. 2 (s × 2,C-1 and
C-2) ,130. 9 (d × 2,C-4 and C-5) ,128. 8 (d × 2,C-3
and C-6) ,71. 7 (t × 2,C-2 and C-2) ,27. 7 (d × 2,
C-3 and C-3) ,19. 1 (q × 4,H-4,H-4,H-5 and
H-5)。以上数据与文献[4,8]数据报道一致,确定该
化合物为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯。
化合物 8 烟酰胺,C6H6ON2,白色固体;ESI-
MS m/z:123[M + H]+,145[M + Na]+;1H NMR
(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:9. 03 (1H,d,J = 1. 8 Hz,H-
2) ,8. 75 (1H,dd,J = 4. 8 Hz,1. 4 Hz,H-6) ,8. 17
(1H,dt,J = 8. 0 Hz,1. 8 Hz,H-4) ,7. 42 (1H,dd,J =
7. 8 Hz,4. 8 Hz,H-5) ;13 C NMR (CDCl3,125 MHz)
δ:167. 6 (s,C-7) ,151. 9 (d,C-2) ,147. 9 (d,C-6) ,
136. 2 (d,C-4) ,129. 4(s,C-3) ,123. 8 (d,C-5)。以
上数据与文献[9]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为烟
酰胺。
化合物 9 尿嘧啶核苷,C9H12O6N2,白色粉末;
EI-MS m/z (%) :244 [M]+ (1) ,226 (6) ,133
(55) ,113 (80) ;ESI-MS:267[M + Na]+;1H NMR
(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7. 99 (1H,d,J = 8. 1 Hz,H-
6) ,5. 89 (1H,d,J = 4. 6 Hz,H-1) ,5. 68 (1H,d,J =
026 天然产物研究与开发 Vol. 24
8. 1 Hz,H-5) ,4. 17 (1H,t,J = 5. 0 Hz,H-3) ,4. 13
(1H,d,J = 5. 0 Hz,H-2) ,3. 99 (1H,dd,J = 7. 3
Hz,2. 9 Hz,H-4) ,3. 82 (1H,dd,J = 12. 2 Hz,2. 6
Hz,H-5a) ,3. 71 (1H,dd,J = 12. 2 Hz,3. 1 Hz,H-5
b) ;13C NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:166. 5 (s,C-4) ,
152. 7 (s,C-2) ,142. 7 (d,C-6) ,102. 7 (d,C-5) ,
90. 7 (d,C-1) ,86. 3 (d,C-4) ,75. 7 (d,C-3) ,
71. 3 (d,C-2) ,62. 3 (t,C-5)。以上数据与文
献[10]数据报道一致,确定该化合物尿嘧啶核苷。
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126Vol. 24 杜子伟等:虎皮小牛肝菌的化学成分研究