全 文 ：Notes on Tropical Boletes from China

LI Yan-chun , YANG Zhu-liang
(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography , Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of
Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China)
Abstract:A genus of Boletaceae , Mucilopilus , is reported for the first time from China.Its representa-
tive , M.castaneiceps was collected from Yunnan province.Meanwhile , two new combinations in Por-
phyrellus , i.e., P .holophaeus and P .nigropurpureus , are proposed , and a species of the genus Ty-
lopilus , i.e., T.nanus , is a first record for China.
Key words:Boletaceae;China;new combination;new record;taxonomy
CLC number:Q949.329　　　Document code:A　　　Article ID:1672-3538(2011)04-0204-08
中国热带的几种牛肝菌
李艳春 , 杨祝良＊＊
(中国科学院昆明植物研究所生物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室 , 昆明 650201)
摘　要:报道了我国牛肝菌科的 1 个新记录属———黏盖牛肝菌属(Mucilopilus), 在我国云南发现该属的 1 种 ,
即栗色黏盖牛肝菌(M.castaneiceps)。另报道该科红孢牛肝菌属(Porphyrellus)2 个新组合[ 烟褐红孢牛肝菌
(P.holophaeus)和黑红孢牛肝菌(P.nigropurpureus)] 及我国粉孢牛肝菌属(Tylopilus)的 1个新记录种[ 小粉孢
牛肝菌(T.nanus)] 。文中对这 4 个种进行了描述 , 并附有插图。
关键词:牛肝菌科;中国;新组合;新记录;分类
中图分类号:Q949.329　　　文献标识码:A　　　文章编号:1672-3538(2011)04-0204-08
引文格式:李艳春 , 杨祝良.中国热带的几种牛肝菌[ J] .菌物研究 , 2011 , 9(4):204-211.
1　Introduction
Nearly 500 species belonging to Boletales have
been reported from China , of which over 40 species
from different genera possess pinkish to pinkish brown
or reddish to vinaceous brown hymenophores and
glabrous spores[ 1-3] .These boletes with pink hy-
menophore and glabrous spores , have been placed his-
torically in Boletus L.and Tylopilus P.Karst.[ 1 ,4] .
With the development of modern taxonomy , along with
further field investigation , more species with pink hy-
menophore and glabrous spores will be revealed from
China
[ 5] .However , the taxonomic positions of these
species have been the subject of debate.While study-
ing these pink hymenophore boletes , we report the
genus Mucilopilus Wolfe from China for the first time ,
which is represented by Mucilopilus castaneiceps(Hon-
go)Hid.Takah.Additionally , two new combinations
in Porphyrellus E.-J.Gilbert , i.e., P.holophaeus
and P nigropurpureus , are proposed , and one species
of the genus Tylopilus , i.e., T.nanus (Massee)
Singer , is newly recorded from China.All of these

Correspondent Author:YANG Zhu-liang , E-mail:fungiamanita@gmail.com
Foundation item:National Natural Science Foundation of China and YunnanProvincial Government(U0836604), National Natural Science Foun-
dation of China(31000012), Ministry of Environmental Protection(Species 10-two-1-3)
Biography:LI Yan-chun , female , assi stant researcher , doctor , engaged in taxonomy and phylogeny of Boletaceae.
Reseive date:2011-12-01
　第 9卷第 4 期 菌　物　研　究 Vol.9 No.4　
　2011 年 12月 Journal　of　Fungal　Research Dec.2011　
DOI :10.13341/j.jf r.2011.04.009
species are described and illustrated.For notations and
abbreviations of data for spores see Li et al.[ 6] .
2　Taxonomy
2.1　Mucilopilus Wolfe , Mycotaxon 10(1):117 ,
1979
Type species:Mucilopilus viscidus (McNabb)
Wolfe , Mycotaxon 10(1):130 , 1979.
Pileus glabrous or floccose to tomentose , viscid to
mucilaginous , or dry and scrobiculate;pileus cuticle
an ixotrichodermium , in some taxa the gelatin accumu-
lating irregularly among hyphae.Context white to sor-
did white or brownish , unchanging on injury.Hy-
menophore pallid to sordid white or pinkish when
young , pallid grayish red to pink or pallid violet at ma-
turity.Tube mouths small(0.3—1.0 mm in diam.),
irregularly angular;tubes 0.5—0.8 cm long;tubes
and pores concolorous and unchanging on injury .Stipe
equal to tapering upwards , glabrous , subglabrous ,
finely subpruinose , or felty.Spore smooth (under
SEM), subfusiform.Pleurocystidia when present fu-
soid-ventricose to lancelate.Cheilocystidia when pre-
sent equal to subclavate to clavate.Clamp connections
absent.Mycorrhizal with Pinaceae and Fagales.
Note:Wolfe established the genus Mucilopilus in
1979 based on the viscid to mucilaginous pileus , ixotri-
chodermium pileipellis and sordid white to pinkish or
grayish red to pallid violet hymenophore.Meanwhile he
made five new combinations and described one new va-
riety for this genus[ 7] .Wolfe and Takahashi each con-
tributed an additional new combination to the genus ,
thereafter[ 8-9] .Taxa of Mucilopilus , Porphyrellus and
Tylopilus share a similar spore print color range , but
the pileipellis of Mucilopilus is an ixotrichodermium ,
while the pileipellis of species in the latter two genera
is a palisade to interwoven trichodermium.Pegler &
Young recognized this genus as a taxonomic synonym of
Fistulinella Henn.without any discussion about the
basis for their decision[ 10] .Morphologically , Mucilop-
ilus has a glutinous or viscid pileus surface and an
ixotrichodermium pileipellis , while these characters are
lack in Fistulinella.In view of these data Fistulinella
can not be taxonomically synonymous with Mucilopilus
since each genus violates the circumscription of the
other[ 8 , 11-12] .There are seven species and two varieties
in this genus.But only one species of the genus , i.
e., Mucilopilus castaneiceps (Hongo)Hid.Takah.
has been found in tropical Yunnan , which was never
reported from mainland of China before.
2.2 　Mucilopilus castaneiceps (Hongo) Hid.
Takah., Trans.Mycol.Soc.Japan 29:
119 , 1988
Tylopilus castaneiceps Hongo , J.Jap.Bot.60:
375 , 1985.
Pileus 2.0—6.5 cm in diam., hemispherical to
convex or applanate , viscid when wet , sometimes ru-
gose or scrobiculate , pallid castaneous , or salmon
brownish to brownish pink , margin sometimes extend-
ed;context whitish to grayish white , unchanging in
colour when cut.Hymenophore adnate to slightly de-
pressed around apex of stipe , pinkish to brownish pink
or purplish pink;pores angular , about 0.5—1.0 mm
in diam., tubes 0.5—0.8 cm in length.Stipe 5.0—
7.0×0.3—1.0 cm , clavate , tapering upwards and
enlarge downwards , white but always with cream yellow
stains downwards on injury;with concolorous longitudi-
nally ranged nets;mycelia on base of stipe white , un-
changing in color when bruised;context white but
cream yellow to yellowish at base of stipe when cut.
Taste bitter and odor mild(Fig.1-a).
Basidia 40—64 ×16—21 μm , clavate , hyaline
in KOH and yellowish in Melzer′s reagent , 4-spored ,
sometimes 2-spored.Basidiospores [ 120/6/6] (11.5)
12.0—14.0 ×(4.5)5.0—6.0(6.5)μm , [ Q=
2.14—2.60 , Qm=2.37 ±0.17] , ellipsoid to some-
what oblong , smooth , slightly thick-walled (0.5—
1.0 μm in thickness), subhyaline to light pinkish in
KOH and yellowish brown in Melzer′s reagent.Pleuro-
and cheilocystidia 50.0—66.0 × 7.0—8.5 μm ,
clavate to subfusiform , hyaline in KOH and yellowish
to yellow in Melzer′s reagent.Caulocystidia forming
nets over stipe surface , ventricose , fusoid ventricose to
clavate.Pileipellis an ixotrichodermium , strongly
gelatinous;hyphae 2.5—4.0 μm in diam., with ter-
minal cells 22.0—46.0×2.5—4.0 μm , hyaline to
yellowish;pileal trama composed of hyaline to yellow-
205　第 9卷　第 4 期 杨祝良:臧穆先生发表的论著及新物种
ish interwoven hyphae 2.5—3.7 μm in width.Clamp connections absent(Fig.2).
a.Mucilopilus castaneiceps(HKAS 50338);b.Porphyrellus holophaeus(HKAS 59407);c.P.nigropurpureus (HKAS 52685);d.Tylopilus
nanus(HKAS 63664)
Fig.1.Habitat of four species of boletes
a.Basidiospores;b.Basidia and pleurocystidia;c.Pi leipellis;d.Stiptipellis
Fig.2.Mucilopilus castaneiceps (TNS-F-237654 , HOLOTYPE)
206 菌　物　研　究 2011 年
　　Habitat:Solitary to scattered , in mixed forests of
Pinus spp., Castanopsis spp., Lithocapus spp.and
Quercus spp.Described from Japan and new to main-
land of China.
Specimens examined:China.Yunnan province:
Lanping county , Jinding city , 2011-08-15 , B.Feng
1150 (HKAS 63665);Lanping county , Hexi city ,
2011-08-16 , J.Qin 406 (HKAS 63666), same loca-
tion and date , G.Wu 750 (HKAS 63667);Chux-
iong , Zixishan , 2007-07-11 , Y.C.Li 800 (HKAS
50338);Jingdong , Ailaoshan , Xujiaba , 2006-07-19 ,
Y.C.Li 584 (HKAS 50338).Japan.Kyoto City ,
1983-07-02 , T.Hongo 6434(TNS-F-237654 , HOLO-
TYPE).
Note:Mucilopilus castaneiceps is characterized by
the viscid pileus , pink to pinkish brown spore print
and ixotrichoderm pileipellis.Hongo provisionally
placed it in Tylopilus as T.castaneiceps[ 13] .Howev-
er , the viscid pileus , ixotrichoderm pileipellis are very
similar to the species in Mucilopilus , thus Takahashi
transferred it to Mucilopilus in 1988[ 9] .Chen and Peng
reported it as T . castaneiceps from Taiwan in
1998[ 14] .Our previous molecular phylogentic study in-
dicates that this species does not belong to the genus
Tylopilus but form a unique clade[ 20] .Since we do not
get additional sequences of the other species arranged
in Mucilopilus , the taxonomic position of this and other
species in the genus needs further study when more ma-
terials are available.
2.3　Porphyrellus holophaeus (Corner)Yan C.
Li &Zhu L.Yang , comb.nov
Basionym:Boletus holophaeus Corner , Trans.
Br.mycol.Soc.59:180 , 1972.
MycoBank:MB 563752.
Pileus 4—10 cm , subhemispherical to applanate ,
dry , with tomentose squamules , umbrineous purple to
umbrineous red when young , then blackish brown to
blackish red in age;context white to grayish white ,
becoming pallid brownish red to reddish then blackish
when bruised.Hymenophore adnate to depressed
around apex of stipe , whitish to dirty pink or grayish
pink , becoming reddish first then blackish red to
blackish when injured;tubes 0.6—1.5 cm in length ,
pores 0.3—1.0 mm in diam.Stipe 4.0—6.0×1.0—
2.5 cm , subcylindrical to clavate , sometimes attenuate
downwards , surface furfuraceous to pruinose , concolor-
ous with pileus , whole stipe with white to grayish retic-
ulation but only the upper half is distinctly reticulated;
mycelia on base of stipe white , becoming reddish then
blackish when bruised;context white to grayish white ,
becoming brownish red to reddish then blackish red to
blackish when injured.Taste and odor mild(Fig.1-
b).
Basidia 25.0—30.0 ×7.0—9.5 μm , clavate ,
hyaline in KOH and yellowish in Melzer′s reagent , 4-
spored.Basidiospores [ 60/3/2 ] (9.0) 10.5—
13.5×(3.5)4.0—5.0 μm , [ Q =2.57—3.29 ,
Qm=2.87 ± 0.3] , ellipsoid to somewhat oblong ,
smooth , slightly thick-walled(0.5—1.0 μm in thick-
ness), nearly hyaline to light pinkish in KOH and yel-
lowish brown in Melzer′s reagent.Pleuro-and cheilo-
cystidia 35—65 ×8—11 μm , subfusiform to ventri-
cose , hyaline in KOH and yellowish to yellow inMelz-
er′s reagent.Pileipellis an palisade trichodermium ,
consists of none inflated subcylindrical 1—3 celled hy-
phal ends , purplish umber;terminal cells 16.0—
42.0×5.5—9.5 μm.Pileal trama composed of hya-
line to yellowish interwoven hyphae 4—6μm in width.
Clamp connections absent(Fig.3).
Habitat:Solitary to scattered , in mixed forests of
Castanopsis spp.and Lithocapus spp.Described from
Brunei , new to China.
Specimens examined:China , Yunnan province:
Dehong , Yingjiang city , on the boundary of China and
Burma , 2009-07-17 , Y.C.Li 1660(HKAS 59407);
Jingdong , Ailaoshan , 2006-07-21 , Z.L.Yang 4711
(HKAS 50508).
Note:Porphyrellus holophaeus was originally de-
scribed as Boletus holophaeus by Corner[ 15] .But the
umber basidiocarps , whitish to dirty pink or grayish
pink hymenophore , palisade pileipellis and first red-
dish then blackish color reactions on injury , are very
similar to the species in Porphyrellus[ 16-18] .Thus , the
new combination is proposed.Porphyrellus holophaeus
has a umbrineous purple to umbrineous red or blackish
brown to blackish red basidiomata , and much longer
207　第 9卷　第 4 期 LI Yan-chun , et al.:Notes on Tropical Boletes from China
spores up to 13.5 μm.Such traits are very similar to
those of P.alboater(Schwein.)Murrill.Interesting-
ly , a molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that P.
holophaeus is indeed clustered with P.alboater , with
much high support(unpublished data).However , P.
holophaeus has a reticulated stipe and a palisade tri-
chodermium pileipellis with non-inflated cylindrical ter-
minal cells(up to 9.5μm in width).While in P.al-
boater the stipe is glabrous without reticulation when
matured , pileipellis is composed of 2—3 inflated cells
(up to 21 μm in width), terminal cells of the pileipel-
lis are cylindrical to subventricose or almost cystidium-
like[ 15] .
a.Basidiospores;b.Basidia and pleurocystidia;c.Pleuro-and cheilocystidia;d.Pileipel lis;e.St iptipellis
Fig.3.Porphyrellus holophaeus (HKAS 50508)
2.4　Porphyrellus nigropurpureus (Corner)Yan
C.Li &Zhu L.Yang , comb.nov
Basionym:Boletus nigropurpureus Corner , Bole-
tus in Malaysia.Singapore:178.1972.
Synonym:Tylopilus nigropurpureus (Corner)
Hongo , Mem.Shiga Univ.23:40.1973.
MycoBank:MB 563753
Pileus 5—15 cm , subhemispherical to applanate;
surface dry , fibrillose to tomentose , dark purplish to
blackish purple;context white to grayish , becoming
reddish to incarnadine then black when cut.Hy-
menophore depressed around apex of stipe , white to
pinkish gray or dirty pinkish;tubes 0.8—2.0 cm in
length , pores 0.5—1.5 mm in width.Stipe 4—9×
2—3 cm , cylindrical to subclavate , concolorous with
pileus;context white to grayish , becoming reddish to
incarnadine first , then becoming black when injured;
mycelia on base of stipe white , becoming reddish to in-
carnadine then black when bruised.Taste bitter and
odor mild(Fig.1-c).
Basidia 25—30×8—11μm , clavate , hyaline in
KOH and yellowish inMelzer′s reagent , 4-spored.Ba-
sidiospores [ 100/5/3] (8.0)8.5—9.5 (10.0)×
(4.0)4.5—5.5 μm , [ Q =(1.78)1.89—2.25
(2.40), Qm=2.02 ±0.14] , ellipsoid to somewhat
oblong , smooth , slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm
in thickness), almost hyaline to light pinkish in KOH
and yellowish brown in Melzer′s reagent.Pleurocystidia
45—68 ×10—15 μm and cheilocystidia 39—47×
11—17 μm , subfusiform to ventricose , hyaline in
KOH and yellowish to yellow in Melzer′s reagent.
Pileipellis an trichodermium , composed of dark brown
208 菌　物　研　究 2011 年
to blackish brown(in KOH)hyphae 8—10 μm in di-
am., with terminal cells 22—58×8—11 μm;pileal
trama composed of brownish yellow to pinkish brown
interwoven hyphae 7—11 μm in width , always with
brown to dark brown encrustation.Clamp connections
absent(Fig.4).
a.Basidiospores;b.Basidia and pleurocystidia;c.Cheilocystidia;d.Pileipellis;e.Stiptipelli s
Fig.4.Porphyrellus nigropurpureus (HKAS 52685)
　　Habitat:Solitary to scattered , in mixed forests of
Castanopsis spp.and Lithocapus spp.Originally de-
scribed from Singapore.
Specimens examined:China , Fujian province:
Sanming Nature Reserve of Castanopsis kawakamii ,
2007-08-24 , Y.C.Li 998(HKAS 52685);same lo-
cation , 2007-08-25 , Y.C.Li 1013(HKAS 53358);
same location , 2007-08-26 , Y.C.Li 1025 (HKAS
53370).Hainan province:Ledong conty , 2009-06-
08 , N.K.Zeng 486 (HKAS 59827).Yunnan
province:Ruili , Ruili Botanic Garden , 2010-10-06 ,
Y.C.Li 2164 (HKAS 63663);Chuxiong , Nanhua
wild mushroom market , 2009-08-02 , Y.C.Li 1954
(HKAS 59702).
Note:Porphyrellus nigropurpureus was originally
described from Singapore as Boletus nigropurpureus[ 15]
and reported from Japan and China as Tylopilus nigrop-
urpureus by Hongo , and Li et al., respectively[ 1 , 19] .
Morphologically , the color of basidiocarps and hy-
menophore , and color reactions on injury resemble to
the characters in Porphyrellus.Moreover , phylogenetic
studies based on nrLSU sequences in Li(2009), indi-
cate this species belongs to the Porphyrellus clade
[ 20] .
Therefore , we transfer this species from Tylopilus to
Porphyrellus based on morphological and molecular da-
ta.Porphyrellus nigropurpureus is characterized by the
dark purplish to blackish purple basidiomata , white to
pinkish gray or dirty pinkish hymenophore , reddish to
blackish color reaction when injured , distinct reticula-
tion around stipe and relatively short spores up to
209　第 9卷　第 4 期 LI Yan-chun , et al.:Notes on Tropical Boletes from China
10 μm in length.It is very similar to P .holophaeus.
But the latter one characterized by its umbrineous pur-
ple to umbrineous red or blackish brown to blackish red
basidiomata , distinct reticulation at upper half of the
stipe , and the much longer spores(up to 13.5μm).
2.5　Tylopilus nanus (Massee)Singer , Agaric.
mod.Tax., Edn 3(Vaduz):736 , 1975
Boletus nanus 　Massee , Bull.Misc.Inf.,
Kew:208 , 1909.
Pileus 2.5—5.0 cm , subhemispherical to ap-
planate , dry , radiationally fibrillose , dark olivaceous
to olive yellow or yellowish green;context yellowish to
yellow , unchanging in color when cut.Hymenophore
depressed around apex of stipe , white or pinkish to
pink or dirty pink;tubes 0.5—1.5 cm in length ,
pores 0.3—1.0 mm in diam.Stipe 3.0—6.0×0.6—
1.3 cm , cylindrical to clavate , yellow but yellowish at
apex and chrome yellow at base , surface densely cov-
ered with red to pinkish red or purplish red scabers;
context yellow but bright yellow to chrome yellow down-
wards , unchanging in color when injured;mycelia on
base of stipe chrome yellow , unchanging in color when
bruised.Taste and odor mild(Fig.1-d).
Basidia 25—35×8—10μm , clavate , hyaline in
KOH and yellowish inMelzer′s reagent , 4-spored.Ba-
sidiospores [ 100/5/5] (9.0)10.5—12.5(14.0)×
4.5—5.5 (6.0)μm , [ Q =(1.67)2.08—2.56
(3.11), Qm=2.29 ±0.17] , ellipsoid to somewhat
oblong , smooth , slightly thick-walled (0.5—1.0 μm
in thickness), almost hyaline to light pinkish in KOH
and yellowish brown in Melzer′s reagent.Pleuro- and
cheilocystidia 35.0—48.0×5.0—6.5 μm , subcylin-
drical to lanceolate , or ventricose to mucronate with a
long pedicel , thin-walled , hyaline in KOH and yellow-
ish to yellow in Melzer′s reagent.Pileipellis a tricho-
dermium , composed of catenulate cells up to 20 μm in
width , terminal cells 27—35×3—11 μm , subfusoid-
mucronate to ventricose-mucronate , some hyphae with
fibrillous or flagelliform terminal cells;pileal trama
composed of hyaline to yellowish filamentous hyphae
6—8μm.Clamp connections absent(Fig.5).
a.Basidiospores;b.Basidia;c.Pleuro-and cheilocystidia;d.Pileipellis;e.Stiptipellis
Fig.5.Tylopilus nanus (HKAS 50282)
　　Habitat:Solitary to scattered , in mixed forests of
Castanopsis spp.and Lithocapus spp.Described from
Singapore , new to China.
Specimens examined:China , Fujian province:
Zhangping city , Nanyang village , 2009-08-28 , N.K.
Zeng 592 (HKAS 63664).Yunnan province:Chux-
210 菌　物　研　究 2011 年
iong , bought on free market , 2007-08-25 , Z.L.Yang
4922(HKAS 52239);Jinghong , Dadugan , 2006-07-
14 , Y.C.Li 528(HKAS 50282), the same location ,
2006-08-10 , Y.C.Li 706(HKAS 50460).
Note:Tylopilus nanus was originally described as
Boletus nanus by Massee in 1909[ 21] .Corner reported
it also as B .nanus from Singapore and Malaya[ 15] .
But the characters of pinkish to pink or dirty pink hy-
menophore and unchanged in color on injury resemble
to the species in Tylopilus and thus , Singer transferred
it to Tylopilus in 1975[ 22] .It is characterized by the
dark olivaceous to olive yellow or yellowish green
pileus , the pinkish to pink or dirty pink hymenophore ,
the vivid yellow to chrome yellow mycelium on the base
of the stipe , the yellow context in pileus and the
chrome yellow context in stipe base.Such traits are
similar to those of T .virens (W.F.Chiu)Hongo.
However , T.virens has a yellow to chrome yellow
stipe , radially arranged to loosely interwoven , non-in-
flated , filamentous hyphae 4 —6μm in width[ 15 ,23] .
In memory of our teacher Prof.Mu Zang
(1930—2011)for his over 50 years′contribution
to mycology.
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211　第 9卷　第 4 期 LI Yan-chun , et al.:Notes on Tropical Boletes from China