免费文献传递   相关文献

酸枣根的化学成分研究(英文)



全 文 :第 32 卷第 4 期
2012 年 8 月
林 产 化 学 与 工 业
Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products
Vol. 32 No. 4
Aug. 2012
Chemical Constituents of Ziziphus jujuba Mill
var. spinosa Roots
收稿日期:2011 - 09 - 20
作者简介:车 勇(1969 -) ,男,山东章丘人,副主任中药师,博士,主要从事中药开发和质量研究及教学工作。
CHE Yong
CHE Yong1,LI Song-tao1,ZHANG Yong-qing2
(1. Shandong Medical Technican College,Taian 271016,China;2. Phamacy College of Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China)
Abstract:Chemical constituents in the roots of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa were studied. The con-
sti-tuents were separated and purified by repeated column chromatagraphy with silica gel and Sephadex
LH-20. Their structures were elucidated based on the chemical and spectral analysis. Seven com-
pounds were iso-lated from petroleum,EtOA fractions. Their structures were identified as lupeol(Ⅰ) ,
betulinic acid(Ⅱ) ,ceanothic acid(Ⅲ) ,isoceanothic acid(Ⅳ) ,stigmasterol(Ⅴ) ,3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol(Ⅵ) ,
adouetine X(Ⅶ). Compounds Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ were obtained from the plant for the first time.
Key words:the roots of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa;chemical constituents;triterpene;sterol;cyclopeptide alkaloids
CLC numbers:TQ35;R284. 1 Document code:A Article ID:0253 - 2417(2012)04 - 0083 - 04
酸枣根的化学成分研究
车 勇1,李松涛1,张永清2
(1.山东医药技师学院,山东 泰安 271016;2.山东中医药大学药学院,山东 济南 250355)
摘 要:用各种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱解析鉴定其化学结构,从而研究酸枣根中的化学成分。
结果表明从酸枣分离得到 7 个化合物,分别鉴定为羽扇豆醇(Ⅰ) ,白桦酯酸(Ⅱ) ,美洲茶酸(Ⅲ) ,异美洲茶酸(Ⅳ) ,豆甾醇
(Ⅴ) ,豆甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ) ,蛇婆子碱 (Ⅶ)。其中化合物Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ为首次从该植物中得到。
关键词:酸枣根;化学成分;三萜;甾醇;环肽生物碱
Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa (Bunge)Hu ex. H. F. Chow belonged to the genus Zizyphus(Rham-
naceae) ,widely distributed in northern and north-earstern China. Its seeds,known as Suan-Zao-Ren,are com-
monly used as a sedative and hypnotic medicine in traditional Chinese medicine. Its roots are also used to heal
insomnia ,hypertension,ulcers and burns of the body as folk medicine in China. In past works,saponins[1-2],
flavonoids[3-4],alkaloids[5]and triterpenoids[6 - 9] have been isolated from the plant. Most of chemical analysis
focused on seeds,rarely on roots and fruits. In search for new and bioactive components in the plant,the
present paper describes the investigation of chemical constituents in the roots of Z. jujube var. spinosa.
1 Experimental
1. 1 Apparatus used
Melting points were determined on an X4 apparatus and uncorrected. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were
recorded with Bruker Avance 600 instrument,with TMS as an internal standard. Silica gel was from Qingdao
Marine Chemical Factory. All reagents were of analytical grade.
1. 2 Plant material
The roots of Z. jujuba Mill var. spinosa were collected from Taian District,Shandong Province,China,in
84 林 产 化 学 与 工 业 第 32 卷
November 2009 and were identified by Professor Zhang Yongqing,a voucher specimen is deposited in Pharma-
cy Faculty,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan,China.
1. 3 Extraction and isolation
The pulverized sample 9 kg were extracted with 95% EtOH (3 × 30 L) ,successively in reflux condenser.
After removal of the solvent under reduced pressure by rotary evaporation,the concentrated extract,a thick,
viscous,reddish brown mass,was suspended in water and partitioned with petroleum-ether,EtOAc and
n-BuOH successively. The EtOAc extract(140 g)was subjected to silica gel column chromatography(particle
diameter 75 - 150 μm,1 500 g)with gradient elution of petroleum-EtOAc (50 ∶ 1-2 ∶ 1) ,and then purified by
silica gel column chromatography (particle diameter 44 - 75 μm)eluted with CHCl3-MeOH,and by Sepha-
dex LH-20(CH2Cl2 -MeOH)to yield Ⅰ(60 mg) ,Ⅱ(2. 3 g) ,Ⅲ(300 mg) ,Ⅳ(50 mg) ,Ⅴ(300 mg) ,Ⅵ
(20 mg) ,Ⅶ(20 mg).
2 Results
On the basis of chemical and spectral analyses,their structures of purified compouds were elucidated as
lupeol(Ⅰ) ,betulinic acid(Ⅱ) ,ceanothic acid(Ⅲ) ,isoceanothic acid(Ⅳ)and stigmasterol(Ⅴ) ,3-O-β-D-glu-
copyranosyl-stigmasterol (Ⅵ)and adouetine X(Ⅶ) ,respectively.
2. 1 Compound Ⅰ
Colorless needles,m. p. 216 - 219 ℃ . 1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:0. 76,0. 79,0. 83,0. 94,0. 97,1. 03
(3H ×6,s,23,24,25,26,27,28-Me) ,1. 68(3H,s,H-30) ,4. 57,4. 69(2H,each s,H-29) ,3. 19(1H,dd,
J = 4. 8,7. 2 Hz,H-3) ,2. 37(1H,m,H-19) ,1. 1-1. 91(20H,—CH,—CH2).
13C NMR(CDCl3)δ:38. 7
(C-1) ,27. 5(C-2) ,79. 0(C-3) ,38. 9(C-4) ,55. 3(C-5) ,18. 3(C-6) ,34. 3(C-7) ,40. 8(C-8) ,50. 4
(C-9) ,37. 2(C-10) ,20. 9(C-11) ,25. 1(C-12) ,38. 1(C-13) ,42. 8 (C-14) ,27. 4(C-15) ,35. 6
(C-16) ,43. 0(C-17) ,48. 3(C-18) ,48. 0(C-19) ,151. 0(C-20) ,29. 8 (C-21) ,40. 0(C-22) ,28. 0
(C-23) ,15. 4(C-24) ,16. 1(C-25) ,16. 0(C-26) ,14. 5(C-27) ,18. 0 (C-28) ,109. 3(C-29) ,19. 3
(C-30). Comparing to the reference[7],compoundⅠwas identified as lupeol.
2. 2 Compound Ⅱ
Colorless needles from MeOH,m. p. 287-289 ℃,it gave positive response to Libermann-Burchard reac-
tion. 1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:0. 75,0. 82,0. 94,0. 97,0. 98(3H × 5,s,23,24,25,26,27-Me) ,1. 69(3H,s,
30-Me) ,4. 61,4. 74(2H,each d,J = 12 Hz,H-29) ,3. 17(1H,dd,J = 11. 2,6. 4 Hz,H-3). 13C NMR
(DMSO-d6)δ:38. 5(C-1) ,27. 2(C-2) ,76. 8(C-3) ,38. 3(C-4) ,55. 9(C-5) ,18. 0(C-6) ,33. 9(C-7) ,
40. 2(C-8) ,49. 9(C-9) ,37. 7(C-10) ,20. 5(C-11) ,25. 1(C-12) ,37. 6(C-13) ,42. 0 (C-14) ,30. 1
(C-15) ,31. 7(C-16) ,55. 4(C-17) ,46. 6(C-18) ,48. 5(C-19) ,150. 3(C-20) ,29. 2 (C-21) ,36. 3
(C-22) ,28. 1(C-23) ,15. 7(C-24) ,16. 0(C-25) ,15. 8(C-26) ,14. 4(C-27) ,177. 2(C-28) ,18. 9(C-29) ,
109. 6(C-30). Comparing to the reference[8],compound Ⅱ was identified as betulinic acid.
2. 3 Compound Ⅲ
White powder,it gave positive response to Libermann-Burchard reaction. 1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:0. 79,
0. 86,0. 90,0. 98,0. 99(3H × 5,s,23,24,25,26,27-Me) ,1. 64(3H,s,30-Me) ,4. 60,4. 58(2H,s,H-29) ,
3. 16(1H,dd. J = 11. 2,6. 4 Hz,H-3) ,4. 96(1H,d,J = 4. 2 Hz,3-OH) ,2. 94(1H,m,H-13) ,3. 91(1H,d,
J = 4. 2 Hz,H-19) ,1. 20-2. 30(20H,CH2,CH).
13C NMR(CDCl3)δ:178. 7(C-1) ,66. 9(C-2) ,85. 7
(C-3) ,44. 3(C-4) ,57. 5(C-5) ,19. 3(C-6) ,35. 3(C-7) ,42. 8(C-8) ,45. 7(C-9) ,50. 3(C-10) ,24. 7
(C-11) ,26. 8(C-12) ,40. 0(C-13) ,44. 2 (C-14) ,31. 1(C-15) ,33. 4(C-16) ,57. 5(C-17) ,50. 5(C-18) ,
第 4 期 车 勇,等:酸枣根的化学成分研究 85
48. 5(C-19) ,151. 9(C-20) ,31. 3(C-21) ,38. 2(C-22) ,31. 7(C-23) ,19. 6(C-24) ,19. 6(C-25) ,17. 1
(C-26) ,15. 3(C-27) ,180. 0(C-28) ,110. 2(C-29) ,19. 7(C-30). Comparing to the reference[9],com-
pound Ⅲ was identified as ceanothic acid.
2. 4 Compound Ⅳ
White powder,it gave positive response to Libermann-Burchard reaction. 1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1. 19,
1. 27,1. 28,1. 37,1. 37(3H ×5,s,23,24,25,26,27-Me) ,1. 98(3H,s,30-Me) ,4. 88,5. 00(2H,each d,
H-29) ,3. 30(1H,d,J = 4. 2 Hz,H-3) ,5. 17(1H,d,J = 4. 2 Hz,3-OH) ,3. 60(2H,dd,J = 1. 2,1. 8Hz,
H-28) ,2. 78(1H,s,H-1) ,3. 92(1H,d,J = 4. 2Hz,H-19). 13C NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:176. 1(C-1) ,65. 4
(C-2) ,83. 1(C-3) ,41. 0(C-4) ,55. 8(C-5) ,19. 4 (C-6) ,33. 5(C-7) ,42. 4(C-8) ,43. 7(C-9) ,48. 3
(C-10) ,23. 0(C-11) ,25. 0(C-12) ,37. 9(C-13) ,42. 6(C-14) ,29. 3(C-15) ,31. 7(C-16) ,55. 3
(C-17) ,48. 4(C-18) ,46. 4(C-19) ,150. 2(C-20) ,30. 0(C-21) ,36. 3(C-22) ,30. 7(C-23) ,18. 0
(C-24) ,18. 1(C-25) ,16. 1(C-26) ,14. 5(C-27) ,177. 1(C-28) ,109. 5(C-29) ,18. 9(C-30). Comparing to
the reference[10],compound Ⅳ was identified as isoceanothic acid.
2. 5 Compound Ⅴ
Colorless needles from EtOAc,m. p. 142-145 ℃ . 1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:5. 35(1H,d,J = 2. 4 Hz,H-6) ,
5. 15(1H,dd,J = 15. 0,9. 0 Hz,H-22) ,5. 02(1H,dd,J = 15. 0,9. 0 Hz,H-23) ,3. 53(1H,m,H-3).
13C NMR(CDCl3)δ:31. 6(C-1) ,31. 9(C-2) ,71. 8(C-3) ,39. 8(C-4) ,140. 8(C-5) ,121. 7(C-6) ,31. 9
(C-7) ,31. 9(C-8) ,50. 1(C-9) ,36. 5(C-10) ,21. 1(C-11) ,39. 7(C-12) ,42. 2(C-13) ,55. 9 (C-14) ,
24. 4(C-15) ,28. 9(C-l6) ,56. 9(C-17) ,12. 1(C-18) ,19. 4(C-19) ,40. 5(C-20) ,21. 1 (C-21) ,138. 3
(C-22) ,129. 3(C-23) ,51. 2(C-24) ,31. 9(C-25) ,19. 0(C-26) ,21. 1(C-27) ,25. 4 (C-28) ,12. 3
(C-29). Comparing to the reference[11],compound Ⅴ was identified as stigmasterol.
2. 6 Compound Ⅵ
White powder. 1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:5. 35(1H,s,H-6) ,4. 89(1H,d,J = 4. 2 Hz,H-5) ,4. 86(1H,
dd,J = 5. 4,6. 0 Hz,H-23) ,4. 43(1H,dd,J = 5. 4,6. 0 Hz,H-22) ,4. 21(1H,d,J = 7. 8 Hz,H-1) ,3. 64
(1H,m,H-3) ,0. 83(3H,s,H-18) ,0. 96(3H,s,H-19) ,0. 90(3H,d,J = 6. 6 Hz,H-21) ,0. 80(3H,d,J =
6. 6 Hz,H-26) ,0. 77(3H,d,J = 6. 6 Hz,H-27) ,0. 65(3H,t,J = 12. 0 Hz,H-29). 13C NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:
37. 7(C-1) ,29. 2(C-2) ,76. 8(C-3) ,38. 2(C-4) ,140. 3(C-5) ,121. 1 (C-6) ,31. 3(C-7) ,31. 3
(C-8) ,50. 5(C-9) ,36. 8(C-10) ,22. 5(C-11) ,41. 64(C-12) ,45. 0(C-13) ,56. 2(C-14) ,24. 8
(C-15) ,29. 2(C-16) ,56. 1(C-17) ,12. 0(C-18) ,20. 5(C-19) ,41. 7(C-20) ,21. 0(C-21) ,137. 9
(C-22) ,128. 7(C-23) ,49. 5(C-24) ,33. 2(C-25) ,19. 6(C-26) ,20. 8(C-27) ,25. 3(C-28) ,11. 7(C-29).
Glucose:100. 7(C-1) ,73. 4(C-2) ,76. 7(C-3) ,70. 0(C-4) ,55. 3(C-5) ,61. 0 (C-6). Comparing to
the reference[12],compound Ⅵ was identified as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol.
2. 7 Compound Ⅶ
White powder. 1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:7. 04,7. 05,7. 12,7. 18(4H,m,H-12,12,13,13) ,6. 46(1H,
d,J = 9. 0 Hz,H-3) ,6. 38(1H,d,J = 7. 8 Hz,H-1) ,6. 66(1H,dd,J = 8. 4,9. 0 Hz,H-2) ,3. 99(1H,dd,
J = 3. 0,4. 8 Hz,H-5) ,5. 93(1H,d,J = 7. 8 Hz,H-6) ,5. 01(1H,d,J = 6. 0 Hz,H-9) ,4. 46(1H,d,J =
7. 2 Hz,9. 6Hz,H-8) ,7. 82(1H,d,J = 9. 6,H-22) ,2. 22(6H,s,N(CH3)2) ,0. 60-2. 13(20H,CH,CH2,
CH3).
13C NMR(CDCl3)δ:116. 4(C-1) ,125. 1(C-2) ,167. 1(C-4) ,59. 4(C-5) ,172. 1(C-7) ,55. 1
(C-8) ,81. 4 (C-9) ,155. 8(C-10) ,123. 1(C-11) ,123. 1(C-12) ,122. 7(C-12) ,131. 8 (C-13) ,
130. 1(C-13) ,131. 8(C-14) ,34. 9(C-15) ,23. 7(C-16) ,11. 8(C-17) ,15. 9(C-18) ,29. 7 (C-19) ,
20. 4 (C-20) ,15. 0(C-21) ,174. 0(C-23) ,66. 3(C-24) ,34. 5(C-25) ,26. 2(C-26) ,23. 2 (C-27) ,21. 7
86 林 产 化 学 与 工 业 第 32 卷
Fig. 1 The HMQC correlations of compoundⅦ
(C - 28) ,41. 9 (C—NH). Comparing to the
reference[13],compound Ⅶ was identified as a 14-
membered ring cyclopeptide alkaloids,adouetine X,
which was confirmed by two-dimensional NMR experi-
ments,see Fig. 1.
3 Conclusion
Seven compounds were isolated from the roots of
Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa. Their structures were
identified as lupeol(Ⅰ) ,betulinic acid(Ⅱ) ,ceanothic
acid(Ⅲ) ,isoceanothic acid(Ⅳ) ,stigmasterol(Ⅴ) ,3-
O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol(Ⅵ) ,adouetine X
(Ⅶ). Among the 7 compounds Ⅰ-Ⅵ were triterpene ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ were sterol,Ⅶ was cyclopeptide alkaloids.
Compounds Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ were obtained from the plant for the first time,and the NMR data of adouetine X was
first reported .
References:
[1]YOSHIKAWA M,MURAKAMI T,IKEBATA A,et al. Bioactive saponins and glycosides. x. on the constituents of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen,the
seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu(1). Structures and histamine release-inhibitory effects of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujubo-
side B[J]. Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1997,45(7) :1186-1189.
[2]MATSUDA H,MURAKAMI T,IKEBATA A,et al. Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XIV. Structure elucidation and immunological adjuvant
activity of novel protojujubogenin type triterpene bisdesmosides,protojujubosides A,B,and B1,from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa
(Zizyphi Spinosi Semen) [J]. Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1999,47(12) :1744-1748.
[3]CHENG Gong,BAI Yan-jing,ZAO Yu-ying,et al. Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa[J]. Tetrahedron,2000,56(45) :
8915-8920.
[4]WANG Shao-min,BI Zhi-ming,LI Ping,et al. A new angular furanoflavonol rhamnoside from seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa(BUNGE)hu
[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2005,25(1) :37-39.
[5]HAN B H,PARK M H,HAN Y N. Cyclic peptide and peptide alkaloids from seeds of Zizyphus vulgaris[J]. Phytochemistry,1990,29(10) :
3315-3319.
[6]HE Feng,PAN Qin,MIN Zhi-da. A novel lupane triterpene from seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal
Drugs,2006,37(2) :168-171.
[7]SAKAKIBARA J,JAIYA T,FUKUDA H,et al. 6β-hydroxyursolic acid and other triterpenoids of enkianthus cernuus[J]. Phytochemistry,1983,
22(11) :2553-2555.
[8]MOCHAMMAD S,KAZUO Y,RYOJI K. 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance of lupine-type triterpenes,lupeol,betulin and betulinic acid[J].
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1980,28(3) :1006-1008.
[9]曾路.酸枣仁化学成分研究 I[J].植物学报,1986,28(5) :517-520.
[10]JAGADEESH S G,KRUPADANAM G L D,SRIMANNARAYANA G. A new triterpenoid from Zizyphus xylopyrus stem wood[J]. Indian Jour-
nal of Chemistry,2000,39B(5) :396-398.
[11]王明奎,彭树林,丁立生,等.岩筋菜的化学成分[J].天然产物研究与开发,1997,9(1) :40-42.
[12]LEITO S G,KAPLAN M A C,MONACHE F D,et al. Sterols and sterol glucosides from two Aegiphila species[J]. Phytochemistry,1992,31
(8) :2813-2817.
[13]AUVIN C,LEZENVEN F,BLOND A,et al. Mucronine J,a 14-membered cyclopeptide alkaloid from Zizyphus mucronata[J]. Journal Natural
Products,1996,59(7) :676-678.