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细叶草乌的化学成分研究



全 文 :应用与环境生物学报 2009,15 ( 3 ): 323~325
Chin J Appl Environ Biol=ISSN 1006-687X
2009-06-25
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2009.00323
细叶草乌为毛茛科 (Ranunculaceae)植物伏毛直 序乌头
(Aconitum richardsonianum var. pseudosessilifl orum)的块根,据
《中国植物志》记载,伏毛直序乌头生于海拔3 960~4 700 m
的山地草坡、灌丛中或溪边,分布于我国西藏拉萨和通麦等
地,伏毛直序乌头是直序乌头(A. richardsonianum)的变种. 细
叶草乌属于藏药用植物,味辛、性温、有毒,主治风湿痹痛、
肢体麻木、中风瘫痪、痈疽、未溃、疔疮初起、肿硬疼痛,是
治疗由微形虫引起的传染性肺病的藏药防瘟消炎镇痛汤的
主要成分之一. 有关细叶草乌化学成分的研究目前尚未见报
道,为确定其活性成分及为开发藏药资源提供依据,我们对
其化学成分进行了系统的研究,从中分离得到12个化合物,
分别为:滇乌碱(Ⅰ)、乌头碱(Ⅱ)、丽江乌头碱(Ⅲ)、塔拉萨敏
(Ⅳ)、8-去乙酰滇乌碱(Ⅴ)、展花乌头宁(Ⅵ)、大黄酚(Ⅶ)、β-谷
甾醇(Ⅷ)、棕榈酸(Ⅸ)、4,4’-二甲氧基联苯(Ⅹ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅺ)
和1-O-对乙氧肉桂酰基-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅻ).
1 仪器与试剂
XRC-1型 显 微 熔点测定仪,温 度 计 未 校 正;Br ucker
AV-600型核磁共振仪,TMS为内标;Finnigan LCQDECA质谱
仪;柱层析硅胶(160~200目和200~300目)以及薄层硅胶GF254
均为青岛海洋化工产品.
样 品 于 2 0 0 6 年 1月购自西 宁 药 材 市 场,经 中 国 科 学
院 西 北 高 原 生 物 研 究 所 刘 尚 武 研 究 员 鉴 定 为 细 叶草 乌
(A.richardsonianum var. pseudosessilifl orum).
2 成分提取分离
将细叶草乌块状根(18.5 kg)粉碎,用90%乙醇浸泡提取
5次,每次3 d,将提取液合并后减压浓缩,得浸膏2 000 g,将
浸膏分散于8 L pH 2的酸水中,用8 L乙酸乙酯萃取5次,每次
3 h,乙酸乙酯萃取物浓缩后干重200 g,为非碱性成分A.
将酸水加氨水碱化至pH 10,用8 L氯仿萃取5次,每次3
h,氯仿萃取物浓缩后干重330 g,为碱性部分B.
将 B拌 样上硅 胶 柱,用石油醚 :丙 酮 :二乙胺 梯度 洗 脱
(100:10:1~100:100:1),洗脱液点板合并后分为3段,将第1段(石
油醚:丙酮:二乙胺 = 100:10:1~100:20:1)上硅胶柱,用石油醚:丙
酮:二乙胺梯度洗脱(100:2:1~100:50:1),并配合薄层制备得到
化合物Ⅰ (20 g)、Ⅱ (10 mg). 将第2段(石油醚:丙酮:二乙胺 =
100:30:1~100:40:1)上硅胶柱,用石油醚:丙酮:二乙胺梯度洗脱
(100:5:1~100:100:1),并配合薄层制备得到化合物Ⅲ (10 mg)、
Ⅳ (1.5 g). 将第3段(石油醚:丙酮:二乙胺 = 100:50:1~100:100:1)
上硅胶柱,用氯仿:甲醇:二乙胺梯度洗脱(100:2:1~100:50:1),
并配合薄层制备得到化合物Ⅴ (8 mg)、Ⅵ (7 mg).
将A拌样上硅胶柱,用石油醚:丙酮梯度洗脱(10:1~1:1),
点板 后将洗 脱液合并 并 分为3段 . 将第1段 (石油醚 :丙 酮 =
10:1~5:1)上硅胶柱,用石油醚:丙酮梯度洗脱(50:1~1:1),依次
得到化合物Ⅶ (20 mg)、Ⅷ (10g)、Ⅸ (30 mg). 将第2段(石油醚:
丙酮 = 4:1~3:1)上硅胶柱,用石油醚:丙酮梯度洗脱(10:1~1:1),
得到化合物Ⅹ (100 mg). 将第3段(石油醚:丙酮 = 2:1~1:1)上硅
细叶草乌的化学成分研究*
杨淳彬1,2 邓美彩1 董玮玮1 焦 威1 鲁润华1**
(1中国科学院成都生物研究所 成都 610041)
(2中国科学院研究生院 北京 100049)
Chemical Constituents of Aconitum richardsonianum var. pseudosessili florum*
YANG Chunbin1, 2, DENG Meicai1, DONG Weiwei1, JIAO Wei1 & LU Runhua1**
(1Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China)
(2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract Twelve compounds were isolated from the root of Aconitum richardsonianum var. pseudosessiliflorum for the
first time. Their structures were determined on the physicochemical characters and spectral evidences as yunaconitine
(Ⅰ), aconitine (Ⅱ), foresaconitine (Ⅲ), talatisamine (Ⅳ), 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine (Ⅴ), chasmanine (Ⅵ), chrysophanol
(Ⅶ), β-sitosterol (Ⅷ), palmitic acid (Ⅸ), 4, 4’-dimethoxybiphenyl (Ⅹ), daucosterol (Ⅺ), and 1-O-р-ethoxy-cinnamoyl-D-
glucopyranose) (Ⅻ). Ref 9
Keywords Aconitum richardsonianum var. pseudosessilifl orum; Ranunculaceae; chemical constituents
CLC Q949.746.506
摘 要 从细叶草乌根中首次分离得到12个化合物,通过理化性质及波谱分析,将其分别确定为滇乌碱(Ⅰ)、乌头碱
(Ⅱ)、丽江乌头碱(Ⅲ)、塔拉萨敏(Ⅳ)、8-去乙酰滇乌碱(Ⅴ)、展花乌头宁(Ⅵ)、大黄酚(Ⅶ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅷ)、棕榈酸(Ⅸ)、4,
4’-二甲氧基联苯(Ⅹ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅺ)和1-O-对乙氧肉桂酰基-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅻ). 参9
关键词 细叶草乌;毛茛科;化学成分
CLC Q949.746.506
收稿日期: 2008-04-11 接受日期: 2008-06-18
*中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划支持项目 Supported by the “Western
Light” Joint Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
**通讯作者 Corresponding author (E-mail: lurh@cib.ac.cn; lurunhua@
hotmail.com)
324 15 卷应 用 与 环 境 生 物 学 报 Chin J Appl Environ Biol
胶柱,用氯仿:甲醇梯度洗脱(20:1~2:1),依次得到化合物Ⅺ (50
mg)和Ⅻ (50 mg).
3 成分结构鉴定
化合物Ⅰ:无色晶体 (氯仿),Dragendorff阳性,显示为
生物碱 . C35H49NO11. ESI-MS中出现准分 子离子峰m/z:660
[M+H]+. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:8.00 (2H,d,J = 8.8 Hz,H-2’,
6’),6.92 (2H,d,J = 8.9 Hz,H-3’,5’),4.87 (1H,d,J = 5.2
Hz,H-14),3.86,3.54,3.29,3.25,3.15 (each 3H,s,1,6,16,
18,4-OMe),1.33 (3H,s,COMe),1.10 (3H,t,J = 6.9 Hz,
Me-21). 13C-NMR (CDCl3 ) δ: 83.1 (C-1),33.6 (C-2),71.7 (C-3),
43.1 (C-4),47.4 (C-5),82.3 (C-6),44.7 (C-7),85.6 (C-8),48.7
(C-9),40.9 (C-10),50.2 (C-11),35.2 (C-12),74.8 (C-13),78.5
(C-14),39.6 (C-15),83.5 (C-16),61.7 (C-17),77.2 (C-18),48.8
(C-19),47.4 (C-20),13.3 (C-21),55.9 (1-OMe),58.8 (6-OMe),
57.8 (16-OMe),59.1 (18-OMe),55.4 (4’-OMe),169.9 (COMe),
21.6 (COMe),166.1 (Ar-CO),122.6 (C-1’),131.7 (C-2’,6’),113.8
(C-3’,5’),163.5 (C-4’). 波谱 数据与文献 [1]报 道的滇乌碱
(Yunaconitine)一致.
化合物Ⅱ:无色晶体 (氯仿),Dragendorff阳性,显示为
生物碱 . C34H47NO11. ESI-MS中出现准分 子离子峰m/z : 646
[M+H]+. 该化合物与乌头碱(Aconitine)标准品在TLC上经多种
展开剂展开,Rf值一致,且它们混合后的熔点不下降,故结构
得以确定.
化合 物Ⅲ:无色针晶 (氯仿 ),Dragendorff阳性,显 示
为生物碱 . C35H49NO9. ESI-MS中出现准分子离子峰m/z: 628
[M+H]+. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.01 (2H,d,J = 8.6 Hz,H-2’,
6’),6.91 (2H,d,J = 8.9 Hz,H-3’,5’),5.03 (1H,t,J = 4.9
Hz,H-14),3.85,3.37,3.28,3.26,3.17 (each 3H,s,1,6,16,
18,4-OMe),1.40 (3H,s,COMe),1.08 (3H,t,J = 7.1 Hz,
Me-21). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 85.9 (C-1),26.4 (C-2),34.8 (C-3),
39.1 (C-4),49.1 (C-5),82.8 (C-6),44.9 (C-7),85.9 (C-8),49.3
(C-9),43.9 (C-10),50.3 (C-11),29.0 (C-12),39.2 (C-13),75.3
(C-14),37.9 (C-15),83.4 (C-16),61.7 (C-17),80.4 (C-18),53.8
(C-19),49.0 (C-20),13.4 (C-21),56.6 (1-OMe),57.8 (6-OMe),
56.1 (16-OMe),59.1 (18-OMe),55.4 (4’-OMe),169.7 (COMe),
21.8 (COMe),166.2 (Ar-CO),123.0 (C-1’),131.7 (C-2’,6’),113.7
(C-3’,5’),163.3 (C-4’). 波谱数据与文献[2]报道的丽江乌头碱
(Foresaconitine)一致.
化合 物Ⅳ:无色晶 体 (氯仿 ),Dragendorff阳性,显 示
为生物碱 . C24H39NO5. ESI-MS中出现准分 子离子 峰 m/z :
422[M+H]+. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 4.13 (1H,q,J =4.8 Hz,H-14β),
3.34,3.30,3.26 (each 3H,s,OMe×3),1.05 (3H,t,J = 7.1 Hz,
Me-21). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 86.4 (C-1),25.9 (C-2),32.8 (C-3),
38.3 (C-4),37.6 (C-5),24.8 (C-6),45.9 (C-7),72.8 (C-8),47.0
(C-9),46.1 (C-10),48.7 (C-11),27.7 (C-12),45.8 (C-13),75.6
(C-14),38.7 (C-15),82.3 (C-16),63.0 (C-17),79.5 (C-18),53.2
(C-19),49.5 (C-20),13.7 (C-21),56.3 (1-OMe),56.4 (16-OMe),
59.4 (18 - OMe). 波 谱 数 据 与 文 献 [1, 3]报 道 的 塔 拉 萨 敏
(Talatisamine)一致.
化合物Ⅴ:无色晶体 (氯仿),Dragendorff阳性,显示为
生物碱 . C33H47NO10. ESI-MS中出现准分 子离子峰m/z:618
[M+H]+. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.12 (3H,t,J = 7.1 Hz,Me-21),
3.26,3.29,3.31,3.41,3.86 (each 3H,s,1,6,16,18,4-OMe),
5·13 (1H,d,J = 4.9 Hz,H-14),6·93,7.99 (each 2H,d,J = 8.6
Hz,H-Ar). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 83.2 (C-1),33.6 (C-2),72.0
(C-3),43.3 (C-4),47.6 (C-5),82.5 (C-6),48.0 (C-7),73.9 (C-8),
53.4 (C-9),42.2 (C-10),50.3 (C-11),36.0 (C-12),76.8 (C-13),
79.9 (C-14),42.2 (C-15),83.2 (C-16),61.9 (C-17),77.4 (C-18),
49.0 (C-19),47.8 (C-20),13.5 (C-21),56.0 (1-OMe),58.4 (6-
OMe),57.6 (16-OMe),59.2 (18-OMe),55.4 (4’-OMe),166.5
(Ar-CO),122.3 (C-1’),131.8 (C-2’,6’),113.9 (C-3’,5’),163.6
(C-4’). 以上数据与文献[4]报道的8-去乙酰滇乌碱(8-deacetyl-
yunaconitine)一致.
化合 物Ⅵ:无色针晶 (氯仿 ),Dragendorff 阳性,显 示
为生物碱 . C25H41NO6. ESI-MS 中出现准分 子离子峰 m/z :
452[M+H]+. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 3.33,3.30,3.30,3.24 (each
3H,s,1,6,16,18-OMe),1.06 (3H,t,J = 7.0 Hz,Me-21). 13C-
NMR (CDCl3) δ: 86.2 (C-1),26.0 (C-2),35.3 (C-3),39.5 (C-4),
48.7 (C-5),82.4 (C-6),52.6 (C-7),72.5 (C-8),50.3 (C-9),
37.9 (C-10),50.4 (C-11),28.3 (C-12),45.6 (C-13),75.6 (C-14),
38.8 (C-15),82.1 (C-16),62.7 (C-17),80.8 (C-18),53.8 (C-19),
49.3 (C-20),13.7 (C-21),56.4 (1-OMe),57.3 (6-OMe),56.2
(16-OMe),59.2 (18-OMe). 波谱数据与文献[1]报道展花乌头宁
(Chasmanine)一致.
化合物Ⅶ:红色粉末(氯仿). C15H10O4. EI-MS显示其分子
量为254. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 12.10 (1H,s,OH),11.99 (1H,s,
OH),7.80 (1H,d,J = 7.3 Hz,5-H),7.66 (1H,t,J = 8.1 Hz,
6-H),7.64 (1H,s,4-H),7.27 (1H,t,J = 8.3 Hz,7-H),7.09
(1H,s,2-H),2.46 (3H,S,Ar-CH3).
13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 162.4
(C-1),124.5 (C-2),149.3 (C-3),121.4 (C-4),119.9 (C-5),136.9
(C-6),124.4 (C-7),121.4 (C-4),119.9 (C- 5),136.9 (C-6),124.4
(C-7),162.7 (C-8),192.5 (C-9),182.0 (C-10),133.3 (C-4a),133.7
(C-10a),115.9 (C-8a),113.8 (C-9a),22.3 (C-Me). 波谱数据与文
献[5]报道的大黄酚(Chrysophanol)一致 .
化合物Ⅷ: 无色针晶(氯仿). C29H50O. EI-MS显示其分子
量为414. IR (KBr) νmax:3 428,2 965,2 936,2 870,1 640,l 466,
1 380,1 056,1 024,958,802,593. 该化合物与β-谷甾醇
(β-sitosterol)标准品在TLC上经多种展开剂展开,Rf值一致(硫
酸溶液显色),且它们混合后的熔点不下降,波谱数据与文献
[6]报道的β-谷甾醇一致,故结构得以确定.
化合物Ⅸ:白色粉末(氯仿). C16H32O2. EI-MS显示其分子
量为256. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.34 (2H,t,J = 7.6 Hz,CH2-2),
1.63 (2H,m,CH2-9),1.28 (24H,brs,CH2-8,CH2-7,CH2-5,
CH2-4×6,CH2-6,CH2-3,CH2-10),0.88 (3H,t,J = 6.8 Hz,
CH3-11).
13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 179.8 (C-1),34.0 (C-2),31.9 (C-3),
29.7 (C-4×6),29.4 (C-5),29.3 (C-6),29.2 (C-7),29.1 (C-8),24.7
(C-9),22.7 (C-10),14.1 (C-11). 波谱数据与文献[7]报道的棕榈
酸(Palmitic acid)一致 .
化合物Ⅹ:无色针晶 (氯仿). C15H10O4. ESI-MS 中出现
准分 子离子峰m/z : 169 [M+H]+. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 3.89
3253 期 杨淳彬等:细叶草乌的化学成分研究
(6H,s,OMe×2),7.03 (4H,d,J = 9.2 Hz,Ar-H),7.99 (4H,
d,J = 8.9 Hz,Ar-H). 波谱 数据与4,4’-二甲氧基 联苯 (4,
4’-dimethoxybiphenyl)一致.
化合 物Ⅺ:白色粉末 (DMSO),Liebermann-Burchard
反应阳性. C35H60O6. ESI-MS中出现准分子离子峰 m/z : 577
[M+H]+. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 0.68-1.27 (6×CH),4.93(1H,
d,J = 8 Hz,H-1),5.42(1 H,m,H-6). 该化合物与胡萝卜苷
(Daucosterol)标准品在TLC上经多种展开剂展开,Rf值一致
(硫酸溶液显色),且它们混合后的熔点不下降,波谱数据与
文献[8]报道的胡萝卜苷(Daucosterol)一致,故结构得以确定.
化合物Ⅻ:无色胶状(DMSO). C17H22O8. ESI-MS中出现准
分子离子峰m/z : 355[M+H]+. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.23 (3H,
t,J = 7.1 Hz,Me-11),4.91,4.54,3.68,3.45,3.35,3.14 (each
1H,H-Glc),4.16 (2H,q,J = 7.0 Hz,CH2-10),6.48 (1H,d,J
= 16 . 0 Hz,H-8),7.03,7.65 (each 2H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-Ar),
7.59 (1H,d,J = 16.0 Hz,H-7). 13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 159.6 (C-1),
116.9 (C-2,6),130.4 (C-3,5),128.2 (C-4),144.5 (C-7),116.1
(C-8),166.9 (C-9),60.3 (C-10),14.5 (C-11),100.5 (C-1’),73.6
(C-2’),77.4 (C-3’),70.1 (C-4’),77.0 (C-5’),61.1 (C-6’). 波谱
数据与1-O-对乙氧肉桂酰基 -D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1-O-р-ethoxy–
cinnamoyl-D-glucopyranose) [9]一致.
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