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作 者 ：邓彦斌, 姜彦成, 刘健

期 刊 ：植物生态学报 1998年 22卷 2期 页码：164-170

关键词：新疆；藜科；旱生结构；盐生结构；生态适应；

Keywords:Xinjiang, Chenopodiacea, Xeromorphic structure, Saline morphic stucture, Ecological adapt,

摘 要 ：本文应用扫描电镜和光学显微镜对生长在新疆荒漠地区10种藜科植物中亚滨藜(Atriplex centralasiatica)，心叶驼绒藜(Ceratoides ewersmanniana)，驼绒藜(Ceratoides latens)，盐节木(Halocnemum strobilaceum)，盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)，梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)，圆叶盐爪爪(Kalidium schrenkianum)，绒藜(Londesia eriantha)，费尔干猪毛菜(Salsola ferganica)，浆果猪毛菜(Salsola foliosa)的叶和同化枝进行了形态解剖学研究。结果表明，它们是通过以下结构来适应旱生和盐生环境的：叶片及角质膜厚，气孔器下陷，具表皮毛；栅栏组织发达，多为等面叶；部分植物叶片退化成鳞片状，而由同化枝执行光合功能；多数植物叶片和同化枝内部具有粘液和含晶细胞，贮水组织发达。根据盐分是否排出体外，又划分出聚盐和泌盐植物。在泌盐植物中，盐腺具有单细胞和多细胞及分泌孔类型，并对其聚盐和泌盐机理作了初步探讨。

Abstract:This paper deals with an anatomical structures of the leaves and assimilating branches of Chenopodiacea growing in deserts of Xinjiang using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscopie (SEM), including Atriplex centralasiatica, Ceratoides ewersmanniana C. latens, Halocnemum strobilaceum , Halostachys caspica , Haloxylon ammodendron , Kalidium schrenkianum , Londesia eriantha , Salsola ferganica , S. foliosa. The results show that they adapted to saltmorphic circumstances through the following characters: thick leaf blades and cuticula; possessing epidermal hairs; sunken stomas, developed palisade, many equilateral leaves, and the assimilating branches taking place of photosynthetic function of some modified leaves. Most of the leaves and assimilating branches plants have mucilage cells or crystal cells. The well-developed water-storing tissues with large cells were seen in interior to the assimilating branches. The gathering and secreting saline plants were distinguished according to the salt secreting out or not. There were different kinds of salt glands in the secreting saline plants, such as one cell gland and the multi-cellular glands as well as secreting stomata. Both the mechanism of gathering and secreting saline in the plants were also investigated in this paper.

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