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论 文 第 52卷 第 20期 2007年 10月
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·动 态·
转录因子 AtMYB103是拟南芥花药发育必需基因
在花药发育过程中, 绒毡层细胞为花粉发育提供胼胝
质酶、合成花粉外壁酶及花粉成熟所需的其他营养物质 .
许多绒毡层发育关键基因的突变都会导致花粉发育缺陷 ,
从而导致突变体呈现雄性不育的性状.
上海师范大学杨仲南教授实验室及其合作者根据一个
拟南芥雄性不育突变体, 利用图位克隆的方法并通过等位
分析及遗传互补实验证明, 拟南芥 AtMYB103 基因的突变
导致雄性不育. 该基因编码具有 R2R3结构域的MYB家族
的转录因子, 主要定位于细胞核中. 细胞学观察表明, 突
变体绒毡层发育缺陷, 该基因影响胼胝质的降解. 花药中
大部分花粉降解 , 极少量残存的花粉也缺少外壁(exine).
进一步 RT-PCR分析表明, 突变体胝质降解相关的 A6基因
表达下调, 花粉外壁形成关键基因 MS2的表达没有检测到.
此外还发现另一花药发育关键基因 MS1也受 AtMYB103调
控. 这些结果表明该基因是绒毡层发育晚期一个重要调控
基因, 在花药发育过程中起重要作用. 该成果发表在学术
期刊 Plant J1)上.
在对花药发育过程的研究中, 研究人员已从细胞及遗
传水平上阐明绒毡层对小孢子释放及花粉成熟起重要作用,
但是在分子水平上的了解非常有限. 本项工作从分子水平
上揭示绒毡层对花粉发育的作用, 尤其是花粉外壁的形成.
由于花粉细胞表面参与授粉细胞识别的过程, 因此对该基
因功能的深入研究将有助于人们进一步了解授粉识别的分
子机理.
1) Zhang Z B, Zhu J, Gao J F, et al. Transcription factor At-
MYB103 is required for anther development by regulating microspore
release from tetrads and exine formation in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 2007,
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007. 03254.x