Abstract:There are more than 7.0 million hm2 of poplar plantation in China, ranking top one in the world. To meet the needs of a growing world for social-economic development, environmental improvement, and sustainable development through poplar plantation establishment is a main research interest in the globe. This paper introduced the regionalizing cultivation, key planting clones, and productivities of poplar plantations in China, and summarized the recent 10 years research progress in China in the site quality evaluation, seedling propagation techniques, management patterns, mixed plantation establishment, agroforestry management system, water and nutrient management techniques, site productivity maintenance, and ecological functions of poplar plantation. The potential productivity, general allocation, oriented silviculture, and environmental function study of poplar plantation were also discussed and prospected. The contents of this paper would provide some references for the silviculture and sustainable management of poplar plantation in China.