丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)真菌是生态系统中生物多样性的重要组分之一，具有十分丰富的物种多样性、遗传多样性和功能多样性.该真菌分类地位不断提高已上升至门，下设1个纲、4个目、13个科，19个属，现已报道214种.丛枝菌根对保持生态平衡、稳定和提高生态系统可持续生产力具有重要作用.本文分析了世界范围内丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性研究现状、不同生态系统中影响丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性的关键因子及其调控途径；认为分子生物学技术是今后丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性研究的主要方法.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the important components
of biodiversity in ecosystems. They are rich in species diversity, genetic diver
sity, and function diversity. Their taxonomy position moved forward to phylum, a
nd there are 214 species belonging to 19 genera, 13 families, 4 orders, and 1 cl
ass reported in the world. AM fungi play a vital role in keeping ecological bala
nce and enhancing ecosystem sustainable productivity. This paper reviewed the re
search advances in the species diversity of AM fungi distributed globally, the k
ey factors affecting this species diversity in various ecosystems, and related r
egulation pathways. It was considered that molecular biological techniques would
be the main approaches in the future study of AM fungal species diversity.