全 文 ：湖南省双季稻区紫云英品种适
宜性比较
鲁艳红 1，2，廖育林 1，2，周 兴 1，3，涂赛军 4，聂 军 1，2*，
谢 坚 1，2，杨曾平 1，2，曹卫东 5 （1.湖南省农业
科学院土壤肥料研究所， 湖南长沙 410125；
2.农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站，湖南
长沙 410125；3.湖南农业大学资源环境学院，
湖南长沙 410128；4.南县农业局土壤肥料工作
站，湖南南县 413200；5.中国农业科学院农业
资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081）
摘 要 为了筛选适合湖南省双季稻区种植
利用的紫云英品种，对 5 个紫云英品种进行小
区种植比较试验。 结果表明，湘紫 2 号生育期
短于湘肥 2 号、湘肥 3 号和余江大叶，与早花
品种信阳紫云英相近；湘紫 2 号盛花期与信阳
紫云英相近，明显早于其他 3 个品种；其盛花
期鲜草产量 23 842.5 kg/hm2，比信阳紫云英高
39.9%； 且其鲜草中氮养分含量高于其他品
种。综合看，湘紫 2 号的盛花期较早、鲜草产量
适中、养分含量高，且性状稳定、适应性广，适
宜在湖南双季稻区及生态条件相近的同纬度
双季稻区种植
关键词 紫云英；生育期；盛花期；鲜草产量；
养分含量
基金项目 农业科技成果转化资金项目
（2014GB2D200212）；公益性行业 （农业 ）科研
专项 （201103005）； 国家绿肥种质资源平台
（2012-019）； 作物种质资源保护和利用项目
（NB2013-2130135-34）； 国际植物营养研究所
（IPNI）资助项目（Hunan-16）。
作者简介 鲁艳红（1974- ），女，湖北武穴人，
副研究员，博士，主要从事植物营养与高效施肥
工作。 *通讯作者，E-mail：junnie@foxmail.com。
收稿日期 2015-04-20
修回日期 2015-08-20
Adaptability Comparison of Chinese Milk Vetch
（Astragalus sinicus） Varieties for Double-rice
Cropping System in Hunan
Yanhong LU1,2, Yulin LIAO1,2, Xing ZHOU1,3, Saijun TU4, Jun NIE1,2 * , Jian XIE1,2, Zengping
YANG1,2, Weidong CAO5
1. Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hunan), Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China;
3. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
4. Station of Soil and Fertilizer, Agricultural Bureau of Nanxian County, Nanxian 413200, China;
5. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Supported by the Project of Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements
Transformation Funds(2014GB2D200212); Agro-scientific Research Programs in Public
Interest (201103005); National Germplasm Resource Platform of Green Manure(2012-
019);Conservation and Utilization Project of Crop Germplasm (NB2013-2130135-34);
Funding Project of International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI)(Hunan-16).
*Corresponding author. E-mail: junnie@foxmail.com
Received: April 20, 2015 Accepted: August 20, 2015A
Agricultural Science & Technology, 2015, 16(9): 1902-1906
Copyright訫 2015, Information Institute of HAAS. All rights reserved Agronomy and Horticultrue
H unan Province is a typicalagricultural province, one ofthe important grain production
bases in China, and always a main
grain supply province. Rice is the sta-
ple food crop in Hunan Province, its
yield and cultivated area both rank the
first in China[1]. With the development
of social economy and the fast promo-
tion of urbanization in China, the non-
agriculturalization trend of cultivated
land is irreversible [2], the decrease of
cultivated land area day by day affects
the safety of grain production in Hunan
Province to a large extent. Chinese
milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus), as a
green manure with a long history,
plays an important role in effectively
fertilizing the soil, improving the envi-
ronment, increasing crop yield and
quality and reducing fertilizer input [3].
Rice rice green manure used to be the
most important farming mode of paddy
field in Hunan Province. The largest
cultivated area of green manure ever
reached 2×106 hm2 in Hunan Province,
which accounted for 58% of agricultu-
ral acreage [4]. However, in recent 30
a, the transfer of economic barycenter
affects the input composition and
quantity of organic material of paddy
field, the rice production in Hunan
Province almost all relies on fertilizer
input at present, the organic manure
Abstract Five Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) varieties were selected to
make a comparison in order to screen effective varieties which could suit for the
double-rice cropping system of Hunan Province. The results showed that the growth
period of Xiangzi 2 is shorter than that of Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3 and Yujiangdaye,
and is similar to that of Xinyang Chinese milk vetch. The full-bloom stage of Xi-
angzi 2 is also similar to Xinyang variety and obviously earlier than that of the oth-
er three varieties. The fresh grass yield of Xiangzi 2 in full-bloom stage is 23 842.5
kg/hm2, which increases by 39.9% compared with Xinyang variety. Nitrogen content
in the fresh grass of Xiangzi 2 is higher than that of the other four varieties. In
conclusion, Xiangzi 2 is an extremely early-blossoming and early-maturing Chinese
milk vetch variety with moderate fresh grass yield, high nutrient contents, stable
characters and wide adaptability. So, Xiangzi 2 is suitable for planting in double-rice
cropping region in Hunan Province and other same latitude regions which have
similar ecological conditions.
Key words Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus); Growth period; Full-bloom stage;
Fresh grass yield; Nutrient content
DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2015.09.015
Agricultural Science & Technology2015
and farmyard manure input into paddy
field are low, and the cultivated area of
green manure also declines sharply. In
addition, the multiple crop index and
the yield of double cropping rice are
high, and the nutrient consumption is
great, causing the decline of rice soil
fertility, the shallowing of arable layer,
the accumulation of soil nutrient in top-
soil, the aggravation of secondary
gleization, the enlargement of medi-
um- and low-yield field area and the
continuous declination of soil overall
quality[5-6]. Therefore, developing green
manure crop production and utilization
is of significant practical significance
for cultivating and promoting the farm-
land productivity of double cropping
rice field and guaranteeing food securi-
ty in Hunan Province.
Rice rice winter fallow is the main
cropping pattern in Hunan Province at
present. By statistics, the double crop-
ping area of rice rice in the whole
province paddy field is 1 635 000 hm2,
and the area of rice rice green manure
is about 300 000 hm2[7]. There has al-
ways been green manure planting and
production in Hunan Province, Chi-
nese milk vetch is the main green ma-
nure variety in Hunan paddy growing
area. For a long time, the planting and
utilization of Chinese milk vetch has
played an important role in improving
the soil of medium- and low-yield field,
soil fertility and ecological environ-
ment[8]. Soil fertilizer workers of Hunan
Province bred the Chinese milk vetch
varieties suitable for double cropping
rice production in 1970s, such as Xi-
angfei 1, Xiangfei 2 and Xiangfei 3,
etc. For the atrophy of cultivated area
and the stagnation of the research
work, the seeds of those suitable Chi-
nese milk vetch varieties are almost no
sale in the market, and the characters
of those varieties have gradually de-
graded. At the same time, the farming
season of double cropping rice pro-
duction has already changed greatly at
present, some farming measures like
the ploughing and transplanting im-
proved sharply compared with 1970s
and 1980s, the flowering phases of the
existing Chinese milk vetch varieties
can not meet the requirements of
modern double cropping rice farming
system. Lacking the new Chinese milk
vetch varieties is the main bottleneck
limiting the restoration and develop-
ment of green manure in double crop-
ping rice region of Hunan Province, es-
pecially the new early-blossoming and
mid-yield variety suitable for modern
double cropping rice. To resume green
manure production and screen out
new Chinese milk vetch varieties
adapting to modern southern double
cropping rice farming system, Soil and
Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province
has taken early blossoming, appropri-
ate yield and high nutrient content as
the breeding objectives of new Chi-
nese milk vetch variety since 2008,
moreover, Xiangzi 2 was successfully
bred. To verify the suitability of Xiangzi
2 in modern double cropping rice pro-
duction, the field trial in Gaoqiao Town,
Changsha County, Changsha City
was carried out during 2010 -2014,
hoping to make the variety serve dou-
ble cropping rice production as soon
as possible.
Materials and Methods
Experimental varieties
There were five experimental va-
rieties of Chinese milk vetch, such as
Xiangzi 2, Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3, Yu-
jiangdaye and Xinyang Chinese milk
vetch. Thereinto, Xiangfei 2 and
Xinyang variety are early blossoming
varieties, Xiangfei 3 and Yujiangdaye
are middle blossoming varieties, Xi-
angzi 2 is a new variety with wild Chi-
nese milk vetch variety in Wangcheng
District of Changsha City as the par-
ents bred by Soil and Fertilizer Institute
of Hunan Province, it belongs to an
early blossoming variety.
Experimental design
The experiment was conducted in
Fanlin Village, Gaoqiao Town,
Changsha City during 2010-2014. The
soil was alluvial sandy soil with medi-
um fertility developed from river sedi-
ment, the preceding crop was late rice
with uniform growth, the experimental
field had not been planted Chinese
milk vetch for more than 30 a. After the
harvesting of late rice, removing the
straw and trenching for the field were
done. The experiment adopted ran-
dom arrangement with three repeti-
tions, the plot area was 66.7 m2, the
drainage ditches with 30 cm width and
15 cm depth were digged around each
plot, so as to ensure the expedite
drainage, and guard row with 1.5 m
was set outside the plot. The experi-
ment must be carried out in different
plots each year.
Sowing methods and management
2-3 d after the harvesting of late
rice, Chinese milk vetch was sown.
Before sowing, seed dressing with
rhizobium was carried out, then sow-
ing after airing, the seeding method
was sowing in drill with the width of 10
cm, then watering once after planting,
so as to accelerate seed germination.
Ditch cleaning and draining away the
water were done in winter and spring.
During the test duration, hydrops can
not be in the field, drought resisting
before winter was done once and ditch
cleaning in the early spring was also
done once.
Observation projects and data pro-
cessing
In the experiment, field observa-
tion was often done, and the agronom-
ic traits of plants at the seedling stage,
wintering period, full-bloom stage and
mature period were measured, at the
same time, the growth rate of plants
was observed.
Half of each variety in each plot in
the full-blossom period was mowed
and the yield of fresh grass was mea-
sured, and nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium contents in each plant were
tested. For the other half, they were
mowed at the mature period to test the
yield of seeds, and the seeds of each
plot were knocked and dried in the sun
separately, then the yield of seeds was
measured.
Conventional method[9] was adopt-
ed to measure the nutrients of nitro-
gen, phosphorus and potassium in
each plant.
All data were processed by Excel
2003 software.
Results and Analyses
Comparison on the growth period
The growth period of Chinese milk
vetch, especially full-blossom period,
plays an important role to timely pro-
duction of southern modern double
cropping rice. The tillage of southern
rice field starts from the end of March
to the beginning of April, so the full-
blossom period of Chinese milk vetch
must be during the end of March and
the beginning of April. From Table 1, it
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Agricultural Science & Technology 2015
was seen that the time from sowing to
full-bloom stage of Xiangzi 2 was rela-
tively close to that of Xinyang variety,
namely 166 and 167 d, respectively, it
had not significant difference; the full-
bloom stage of Xiangzi 2 was respec-
tively earlier than Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3
and Yujiangdaye by 4, 7 and 8 d, thus
Xiangzi 2 had extremely significant
differences with the three varieties (P<
0.01); the average whole growth stage
(from sowing to mature period) of Xi-
angzi 2 and Xinyang variety was both
202 d, which was extremely shorter
than that of the other three varieties.
Xiangzi 2 showed the characters of
early blossoming and early mature.
Comparison on the quality of plants
before winter
The quality of Chinese milk vetch
plants before winter plays a decisive
role to the yield of the variety at the
full-bloom stage. The survey on the
plant quality of each variety was car-
ried out before the winter (before the
end of December) during 2010-2013;
from Table 2, it can be drawn that from
the quality of each Chinese milk vetch
variety before winter, Xinyang variety
showed weaker growth vigor in plant
height, branch number and root
length, while the other varieties had
not obvious differences, the plant
height and branch number of Xiangzi 2
were slightly higher than those of the
other varieties. The difference of root
nodule was obvious within the year,
but the interannual difference was not
obvious.
Comparison on the nutrient content
at full-bloom stage
The contents of nitrogen, phos-
phorus and potassium in Chinese milk
vetch at the full-bloom stage directly
affect the fertilizing soil for Chinese
milk vetch planting and the effect pro-
viding nutrient for crops. The nutrient
content at the full-bloom stage (based
on dry basis) was in Table 3. Total N
contents of Xiangzi 2, Xiangfei 2, Xi-
angfei 3, Yujiangdaye and Xinyang
Chinese milk vetch were 3.00% ,
2.96%, 2.85%, 2.96% and 2.87%, re-
spectively. Total N content of Xiangzi 2
was significantly higher than that of the
other varieties. But the contents of to-
tal P, total K and plant moisture of
each variety had not obvious differ-
ences.
Comparison on the quality of plants
at the full-bloom stage
The main function of Chinese milk
vetch is used as green manure in
spring, and the quality of Chinese milk
vetch plants at the full-bloom stage is a
key indicator measuring the variety.
The characters of each variety at the
full-bloom stage were surveyed in
Table 4, the height of Xiangzi 2 was
114.8 cm, which was slightly lower
than that of Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3 and
Yujiangdaye; the weight per plant of
Xiangzi 2 was 115.9 g, which was low-
er than that of Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3
and Yujiangdaye; however, the height
and the weight per plant of Xiangzi 2
were obviously higher than those of
Xinyang variety, thus showed the
character of moderate yield; the differ-
ences on stem diameter of each vari-
ety were not obvious.
Comparison on fresh grass yield at
the full-bloom stage and seed yield
at the mature period
The optimal overturning stage of
Chinese milk vetch is full-bloom stage,
the fresh grass yield at the full-bloom
stage directly affects the contents of
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and
organic matter in the soil[10]. If the over-
turning quantity of Chinese milk vetch
is too low, its nutrient and organic
content will also be lower, thereby
causing the non-ideal fertilizing effect,
however, excessive overturning quan-
tity of Chinese milk vetch will cause
the increase of overturning difficulty,
and even cause the poisoning phe-
nomenon due to insufficient decompo-
sition time[11], therefore, the overturning
quantity is really not the more the
better. Some researches showed that
the optimal overturning quantity of
Chinese milk vetch in paddy field un-
der modern farming system was about
22 500 kg/hm2[12]. As shown in Table 5,
it can be seen that the average yield of
fresh grass of Xiangzi 2 at the full-
bloom stage was 23 843 kg/hm2, which
was lower than fresh grass yield of Xi-
angfei 2, Xiangfei 3 and Yujiangdaye,
but higher than that of Xinyang variety.
It was generally believed that the opti-
mal overturning quantity of Chinese
milk vetch was about 22 500 kg/hm2,
and the yield of Xiangzi 2 was in the
suitable range of returning to the field,
thus it was beneficial to the improve-
ment of soil fertility and the increase of
rice crop.
The seed yield of Chinese milk
vetch directly affects the benefit of
seed reservation. As seen in Table 5, it
can be shown that the seed yield of
Table 1 The growth periods of different Chinese milk vetch varieties during 2010－2014 d
Variety
From sowing to full-bloom
stage∥d
From sowing to mature
period∥d
Range Mean Range Mean
Xiangzi 2 165-168 166 cC 201-204 202 cC
Xiangfei 2 168-173 170 bB 205-208 207 bB
Xiangfei 3 171-175 173 aA 209-211 210 aA
Yujiangdaye 171-177 174 aA 209-212 210 aA
Xinyang Chinese milk vetch 165-169 167 cC 202-203 202 cC
Different small and capital letters within the same column in the table respectively
represented that the differences among these treatments reached the significant level of
5% and 1%.
Table 2 The quality of different Chinese milk vetch varieties before winter
Variety Plantheight∥cm
Branch number
per hill
Leaf number
per hill Leaf color
Root
length∥cm
Root nodule
number per hill
Xiangzi 2 17.3±1.3 1.4±0.1 13.2±5.2 Purplish green 5.3±0.2 1.1±1.3
Xiangfei 2 15.7±0.5 1.5±0.2 12.0±4.2 Purplish green 5.3±0.3 0.4±1.0
Xiangfei 3 15.2±0.8 1.2±0.1 13.0±3.6 Purplish green 5.3±0.1 0.9±0.2
Yujiangdaye 15.1±0.7 1.3±0.3 12.3±4.1 Purplish green 5.5±0.1 1.2±0.4
Xinyang Chinese milk vetch 10.6±1.4 1.2±0.2 13.4±5.1 Purplish green 5.1±0.2 0.5±0.5
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Agricultural Science & Technology2015
Xiangzi 2 was obviously higher than
that of the other varieties. The average
seed yield of Xiangzi 2 in 4 a was 645
kg/hm2, which was respectively higher
than that of Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3, Yu-
jiangdaye and Xinyang variety by
26.8%, 70.4%, 31.6% and 59.1%.
Conclusions and Discus-
sions
Through variety observation and
comparison, it can be found that Xi-
angzi 2 has its unique varietal charac-
teristics, and it is more aligned with the
requirements of winter green manure
in double-rice cropping region than the
other four Chinese milk vetch varieties.
(1)The growth period of Xiangzi 2
is short, thus it is suitable to grow in
double-rice cropping region. Its suit-
able sowing date is from the end of
October to the beginning of November
after the harvesting of late rice, and it
also can be interplanted under the late
rice in the early and middle of October,
the full-blossom period is from the mid-
to-end of March to early April, and the
mature period is in early May, the
whole growth period is about 202 d,
the full-bloom stage is obviously earlier
than that of Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3 and
Yujiangdaye, and is similar to that of
Xinyang variety. The transplanting
time of early season rice in double-rice
cropping region of Hunan Province is
from late April to early May, Chinese
milk vetch generally needs to overturn
5-15 d in advance, thus early-flower-
ing variety Xiangzi 2 and Xinyang vari-
ety suit for the double-rice cropping
system and will not affect the farm op-
eration of early season rice.
(2)The fresh grass yield of Xiangzi
2 is moderate, and the nutrient content
is high. It also has the advantages of
vigorous growth, strong growth vigor,
strong cold resistance, drought resis-
tance and disease resistance at the
seedling stage. Lots of studies have
demonstrated that the optimal over-
turning quantity of Chinese milk vetch
in paddy field at the full-bloom stage
under modern farming system was
about 22 500 kg/hm2[13-14]. In the experi-
ment, it was shown that Xinyang Chi-
nese milk vetch is an early-blossoming
variety, but its fresh grass yield is too
low (it is only 61.5% of Xiangzi 2), thus
it can not reach the ideal effect of fertil-
izing the soil. Xiangfei 2 also can meet
the seasonal requirement of double-
rice cropping system, but its fresh
grass yield at the full-bloom stage is
higher than the optimal overturning
quantity by 39.9% , if overturning en-
tirely, the operative difficulty index of
overturning will be increased and runt
early season rice may be caused, if
removing parts of them, it will take time
and a lot of work. The average yield of
extremely early-blossoming Xiangzi 2
at the full-bloom stage is 23 842.5
kg/hm2, which is close to the optimum
overturning quantity of Chinese milk
vetch, and total N content in fresh
grass of Xiangzi 2 at the full-bloom
stage is higher than that of all the other
varieties, thus the variety shows a
good fertility property and is suitable
for planting and using in double-rice
cropping region.
(3)The low seed yield of Chinese
milk vetch in southern paddy field is al-
ways the main bottleneck limiting the
development of southern Chinese milk
vetch seed industry. The seed reser-
vation yield of Chinese milk vetch in
southern paddy field is generally about
300 -450 kg/hm2, the low seed yield
directly affects the seed reservation
benefit of Chinese milk vetch. The full-
bloom stage of Xiangzi 2 is earlier than
that of the other common varieties by
3-10 d, which can effectively avoid the
effect of southern rainfall on pollina-
tion, in addition, it has strong repro-
ductive capacity, and the seed yield is
high, thus it can be popularized quick-
ly, thereby providing the needs for
agricultural production.
As a green manure crop, Chinese
milk vetch not only has the functions of
raising soil fertility and improving eco-
logical environment, etc., but also can
Table 3 The nutrient content in different Chinese milk vetch varieties at the full-bloom
stage %
Variety Total N Total P Total K Moisture
Xiangzi 2 3.00±0.03 0.36±0.02 3.10±0.03 90.20±1.43
Xiangfei 2 2.96±0.01 0.36±0.01 3.06±0.04 89.90±1.34
Xiangfei 3 2.85±0.02 0.35±0.03 3.05±0.04 88.69±1.51
Yujiangdaye 2.96±0.02 0.36±0.02 3.07±0.02 90.00±1.52
Xinyang Chinese milk vetch 2.87±0.03 0.35±0.02 3.04±0.031 89.24±1.63
Table 4 The plant quality of different Chinese milk vetch varieties at the full-bloom stage
Variety Plantheight∥cm
Branch
number
per hill
Stem
diameter
cm
The weight
per plant∥g
Xiangzi 2 114.8±5.3 6.2±0.1 0.61±0.02 115.9±5.1
Xiangfei 2 150.7±7.1 6.2±0.2 0.63±0.01 134.8±8.2
Xiangfei 3 138.0±5.1 6.3±0.2 0.63±0.03 128.9±9.4
Yujiangdaye 123.1±4.0 6.4±0.1 0.62±0.01 120.9±6.2
Xinyang Chinese milk vetch 85.8±3.0 4.3±0.2 0.61±0.03 71.9±7.5
Table 5 The fresh grass yield at the full-bloom stage and seed yield at the mature period of different Chinese milk vetch varieties kg/hm2
Variety
The fresh grass yield at the full-bloom stage Seed yield
In 2011 In 2012 In 2013 In 2014 Mean In 2011 In 2012 In 2013 In 2014 Mean
Xiangzi 2 24 317 23 435 23 058 24 561 23 843 599 669 738 576 645
Xiangfei 2 28 967 31 767 33 668 31 467 31 467 525 570 543 398 509
Xiangfei 3 26 709 27 252 28 731 27 962 27 663 336 390 411 378 379
Yujiangdaye 26 748 28 122 27 656 27 009 27 384 558 438 587 380 491
Xinyang Chinese
milk vetch 13 575 14 789 14 969 15 302 14 658 359 336 561 368 406
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Agricultural Science & Technology 2015
(Continued from page 1901)
Responsible editor: Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
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Responsible editor: Nanling WANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
provide the nutrition for other crops af-
ter overturning for its own nutrient ele-
ments like nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium, etc. [15]. The area of double
cropping rice in Hunan Province
reaches 1 600 000 hm2, these fields of
double cropping rice are suitable for
Chinese milk vetch planting. In the
experiment, the results showed that
Xiangzi 2 is an extremely early-blos-
soming and early-maturing Chinese
milk vetch variety with moderate fresh
grass yield, high nutrient contents,
stable characters and wide adaptabili-
ty. So, it is suitable for planting in dou-
ble-rice cropping region in Hunan
Province and other same latitude re-
gions which have similar ecological
conditions.
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