全 文 :DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201511021
金樱根化学成分的研究
丁阳 1,2,黄永林 1,刘金磊 1,王磊 1,颜小捷 1,李典鹏 1
(1.广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室,广西植物研究所 广西 桂林 541006,2.广西
中医药大学,广西 南宁 530001)
摘要: 金樱根作为三金片的主药成分,目前,对于金樱根的化学成分和药理作用研究甚少。
为了阐明金樱根的物质基础和生物活性,采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel CHP 20P 等
柱色谱以及 HPLC 半制备等方法对金樱根(Rosa laevigata Michx.)的化学成分进行研究,
从中分离得到 9 个化合物,经过波谱数据分析结合文献对照分别鉴定为儿茶素(1),表儿
茶素(2),rosamultin(3),sericoside(4),2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic
acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(5),kaji-ichigoside F1(6),β-D-Glucopyranosyl
3β,19α-dihydroxy-2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate(7),胡萝卜苷(8),β-谷甾醇(9),其中化合
物 2、4、5、7 为首次从该植物中分离得到。结果将为金樱根在功能医药领域的开发利用提
供理论依据。
关键词:金樱根;化学成分;结构鉴定
中图分类号:Q946.8 文献标识码:A
Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Rosa laevigata
Michx.
DING Yang1,2, HUANG Yong-lin1, LIU Jin-Lei1, WANG Lei1, YAN Xiao-Jie1, LI Dian-Peng1
(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi
Institute of Botany, Guilin 541006, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning
530001, China)
Abstract: The roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. were the main ingredients of the Sanjin
tablet, at present, the studies on the chemical constituents and pharmacological of the
收稿日期:2015-11-17 修回日期:2016-06-18
资助项目:广西壮族自治区“八桂学者”专项经费资助[Supported by the Bagui Scholar Program of Guangxi]
作者简介:丁阳(1991—),男,湖北京山人,硕士研究生,研究方向为中药化学,E-mail:
1184907484@qq.com。
*通信作者:李典鹏,男,博士,研究员,主要从事天然产物物质基础、生物活性及开发利用研究,E-mail:
ldp@gxib.cn。
网络出版时间:2016-10-28 10:49:47
网络出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1134.Q.20161028.1049.002.html
Rosa laevigata Michx. were relatively insufficient. In order to elucidate the material
basis and the activity of Rosa laevigata Michx.,the constituents of Rosa laevigata
Michx. were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel CHP 20P column
chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by
anlalyzing their spectral data and comparing with the previously reported literatures.
Nine compounds: (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), rosamultin (3), sericoside (4),
2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5),
kaji-ichigoside F1 (6), β-D-Glucopyranosy
3β,19α-dihydroxy-2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate (7), daucosterol (8), β-sitosterol (9) were
obtained. Compounds (2), (4), (5) and (7) were reported from the plant for the first
time. The results will provide scientific basis for exploitation and medicine utilization
of Rosa laevigata Michx.
Key words: Rosa laevigata Michx.; chemical constituents; structure identification
中药金樱子(Rosa laevigata Michx.)为蔷薇科蔷薇属灌木植物,主要分布于我国华东、中
南、西南等地。《本草纲目》中记载金樱子:性酸、涩、平、无毒;主治脾泻下痢、止小便
利、涩精气。研究表明,金樱子具有抗氧化、保护肾脏肝脏、降低血糖血脂、抗菌抗病毒、
增强抗炎以及增强免疫力的作用。国内外学者从金樱子的果实中和叶中已经分离纯化得到了
甾体及甾体皂苷类、三萜及三萜皂苷类、木脂素、黄酮、可水解鞣质、多糖等多种化学成分。
但对于金樱地下部分的物质基础研究不多,为了更全面地掌握金樱根的药效物质基础,本研
究运用现代分离手段和鉴定技术,从金樱根 60%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到化
合物 9 个。
1 材料与方法
1.1 仪器与材料
瑞士 Bruker DRX-500 MHz 超导核磁共振仪;N-1100 旋转蒸发仪;CF810C 冷却循环水;
硅胶薄层板 F254 (0.2mm thick Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany); MCI gel CHP 20P. (70-150
um; Mitsubishi Chemical; Tokyo, Japan); Sephadex LH-20( 25-100um, GE Healtheare
Bio-science AB, Uppsala, Sweden);所有试剂均为分析纯。
金樱根药材由桂林三金股份有限公司周艳林博士提供并鉴定。
1.2 提取与分离
干燥的金樱根 8.5Kg,用 60%的乙醇浸提 2 次,提取液浓缩得到浸膏,浸膏依次经过石
油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取。将乙酸乙酯萃取部位(292g)经硅胶(200-300 目)柱色谱,
分别用氯仿,氯仿:甲醇 98:2,95:5,9:1,8:2,7:3,5:5,纯甲醇洗脱。经 TLC 检测合并
得到 7 个流份。流分 5(10.1g)经反复 Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱、MCI gel CHP 20P 柱色谱以
及半制备 HPLC 方法分离纯化,得化合物 1(27mg)、2(18mg)、3(167mg)、4(46mg)、
5(40mg)、6(18mg)、7(63mg)、8(30mg)、9(16mg)。
2 结构鉴定
化合物1 黄色无晶型粉末,分子式C15H14O6. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-d4) : 2.51(1H,
dd, J=8.1, 16.2Hz, H-4a), 2.85(1H, dd, J=5.3, 16.1 Hz, H-4b), 3.98 (1H, m, H-3), 4.57(1H,
d, J=7.5,H-2), 5.86 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz, H-6), 5.93 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz, H-8), 6.72 (1H, d,
J=8.1 Hz, H-5′), 6.77 (1H, dd, J=1.8, 8.1 Hz, H-6′), 6.84 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz, H-2′);
13C-NMR (125 MHz, methanol-d4) : 27.8 (C-4), 66.1 (C-3), 78.5 (C-2), 94.5 (C-6), 95.1
(C-8), 98.7 (C-1), 113.9 (C-2), 114.5 (C-6), 118.0 (C-5), 130.9 (C-1), 44.4 (C-3), 144.5
(C-4), 155.9 (C-9), 156.3 (C-7), 156.6 (C-5)。上述波谱数据与文献( Guan XL et al., 2014)
报道一致,故鉴定 1 为儿茶素。
化合物 2 黄色无晶型粉末,分子式 C15H14O6. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, methanol-d4) : 2.74
( 1H, dd, J=2.8, 16.8Hz, H-4ax), 2.86 (1H, dd, J=4.6, 16.7Hz, H-4eq), 4.18 (1H, s, H-3),
4.81 (1H, d, J=4.5Hz, H-2), 5.94 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H-6), 6.04 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H-8), 6.77
(1H, d, J=8.2Hz, H-5′), 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.2Hz, H-6′), 6.98 (1H, d, J=1.6Hz, H-2′);
13C-NMR(125MHz, methanol-d4) : 27.8 (C-4), 65.9 (C-3), 78.0 (C-2), 94.3 (C-8), 94.7
(C-6), 98.3 (C-1), 114.0(C-5′), 114.4 (C-2′), 117.8 (C-6′), 131.9 (C-1′), 144.9(C-3′), 145.0
(C-4′), 155.8 (C-5), 156.4 (C-9), 156.6 (C-7)。上述波谱数据与文献( Zhang CF et al.,
2003)报道一致,故鉴定 2 为表儿茶素。
化合物 3 白色针晶,分子式 C36H58O10, ESI-MS m/z: 649 [M - H]-, 673 [M + Na]+.1H-NMR
(500MHz, methanol-d4) : 0.79, 0.82, 1.03, 1.03, 1.22, 1.34(each 3H, s, CH3), 0.94(3H, d,
J=6.6Hz, CH3), 2.48 (1H, s, H-18), 2.93 (1H, d, J=9.7Hz, H-3), 3.32~3.70 (m), 3.82 (1H,
dd, J=2.0, 11.9Hz, H-2), 5.32 (1H, s, H-12), 5.34 (1H, d, J=8.2, H-1′); 13C-NMR(125MHz,
methanol-d4), : 15.3 (q, C-30), 15.8 (q, C-26), 16.1 (q, C-24), 16.3 (q, C-25), 18.3 (t, C-6),23.3
(t, C-11),23.4 (q, C-27),25.2 (t, C-16), 25.7 (t, C-21), 25.8 (t, C-29), 28.0 (t, C-15), 28.3 (q, C-23),
32.7 (t, C-7), 36.9 (t, C-22), 37.8 (s, C-4), 39.1 (s, C-10), 39.9 (s, C-8), 41.3 (s, C-14), 41.5 (d,
C-20), 46.8 (t, C-1), 47.2 (d, C-9), 48.1 (t, C-17), 53.6 (d, C-18), 55.3 (d, C-5), 61.1 (t, C-6′), 68.2
(d, C-2), 69.7 (d, C-4′), 72.3 (s, C-19), 72.5 (d, C-2′), 76.9 (d, C-6′), 77.1 (d, C-3′), 83.2 (d,
C-3), 94.4(d,C-1′), 128.1 (d, C-12), 138.3 (s, C-13), 177.1 (s, C-28)。上述数据与文献
( Wu XP et al., 2014)报道一致,故鉴定 3 为 rosamltin。
化合物 4 白色晶体,分子式 C36H58O11,ESI-MS m/z: 665 [M- H]-, 689 [M + Na]+.
1H-NMR (500MHz, methanol-d4) : 0.74, 0.96, 0.97, 1.00, 1.25, 1.30 (each 3H, s, CH3),
4.05 (1H, d, J=11.2, H-24b), 3.83 (1H, d, J=11.2, H-24a), 5.27 (1H, s, H-1′), 5.38 (1H, d,
J=8.2, H-12); 13C-NMR (125MHz, methanol-d4), : 17.4 (q, C-25) ,17.7 (q, C-26), 20.0 (t,
C-6), 23.8 (q, C-23), 25.0 (q, C-27), 25.1 (t, C-11), 25.2 (q, C-30), 28.4 (t, C-16), 28.6 (q,
C-29), 29.4 (t, C-21), 29.5 (t, C-15), 33.2 (t, C-22), 34.1 (t, C-7), 35.9 (s, C-20), 39.2 (s,
C-10), 40.8 (s, C-8), 42.6 (s, C-14), 44.3 (s, C-4), 45.0 (d, C-18), 47.1 (s, C-17), 47.7 (t,
C-1), 49.2 (d, C-9), 57.2 (d, C-5), 62.4 (t, C-6′), 66.1 (t, C-24), 69.6 (d,C-2), 71.0 (d, C-4′),
73.8 (d, C-2′), 78.2 (d, C-3′), 78.6 (d, C-5′), 82.4 (d, C-19), 85.9 (d, C-3), 95.7 (d, C-1′),
124.7 (d, C-12), 144.3 (s, C-13), 178.5 (s, C-28)。以上波谱数据与文献( Li YF et al., 2003)
报道一致,故鉴定 4 为 sericoside。
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OH
1 2
3 4
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OH
HO
HO
HO
O
O
O
HO
HO OH
HO
HO
HO
HO
CH2OH
H
O
O
O
HO
HO OH
HO
5
HO
HO
O
O
O
HO
HO OH
HO
HO
6
H3C
HO
CH2OH
O
O
O
HO
HO OH
HO
HO
HOH2C
HO
O
O
O
HO
HO OH
HO
HO
O
7
RO
8
9 R=H
R=Glc
HO
图 1 化合物 1-9 的结构式.
Fig. 1 Chemical structures of compounds 1-9.
化合物 5 白色晶体,分子式 C36H58O11, ESI-MS m/z: 665 [M - H]-, 689 [M + Na]+.
1H-NMR (500MHz, methanol-d4) : 0.79, 0.90, 1.03, 1.22, 1.36 (each 3H, s, CH3), 0.94
(3H, d, J=9.5Hz), 2.55 (1H, s, H-18), 5.27 (1H, s, H-1′), 5.36 (1H, d, J=8.2, H-12);
13C-NMR (125MHz, methanol-d4) : 16.6 (q, C-30), 17.2 (q, C-24), 17.3 (q, C-26), 17.7 (q,
C-25), 19.0 (t, C-6), 24.6 (q, C-27), 24.7 (t, C-11), 24.8 (t, C-16), 26.4 (t, C-21), 27.1 (t, C-29),
29.5 (t, C-15), 33.5 (t, C-7), 38.1 (t, C-22), 39.0 (s, C-10), 41.2 (s, C-8), 42.2 (d, C-20), 42.4 (s,
C-14), 42.6 (s, C-4), 42.8 (t, C-1), 44.1 (d, C-5), 48.2 (d, C-9), 49.3 (t, C-17), 55.8 (d, C-18), 62.4
(t, C-6′), 67.1 (d, C-2), 71.0 (d, C-4′), 71.2 (q, C-23), 73.6 (s, C-19), 73.7 (d, C-2′), 78.1 (d,
C-5′), 78.3 (d, C-3), 78.5 (d, C-3′), 95.6 (d, C-1′), 129.4 (d, C-12), 139.5 (d, C-13), 178.4
(s,C-28). 以上数据与文献( Liu DL et al., 2010)报道基本一致,故鉴定 5 为 2α,3α,19α,23-tetra
hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester。
化合物 6 白色晶体,分子式 C36H58O10, ESI-MS m/z: 649 [M - H]-, 673 [M + Na]+. 1H-NMR
(500MHz, methanol-d4) : 0.79, 0.80, 1.04, 1.22, 1.30, 136 (each 3H, s, CH3), 0.94 (3H, d,
J=6.6, CH3), 5.30 (1H, s, H-12), 5.32 (1H, d, J=8.2Hz, H-1′); 13C-NMR (125 MHz,
methanol-d4) : 13.0(q, C-30) , 16.6(q, C-25), 17.9(q, C-26) ,19.5 (t, C-6) , 22.4 (q, C-24), 24.8 (t,
C-11) , 24.8 (q, C-27) , 26.5 (t, C-16) ,27.1 (q, C-29), 27.2 (t, C-21), 29.0 (q,C-23) , 29.7 (t, C-15) ,
34.2 (t, C-7), 38.3 (t,C-22), 39.0 (s,C-10), 39.4 (s,C-4), 41.4 (s, C-8), 42.0(t, C-1), 42.6 (s, C-14),
42.9 (d,C-20), 48.2 (d, C-9), 49.3 (d, C-5), 49.5 (s, C-17), 54.9 (d, C-18), 62.5 (t, C-6′), 67.2 (d,
C-2), 71.1(d, C-4′), 73.6 (s, C-19), 73.8 (d, C-2′), 78.3 (d, C-5′), 78.5 (d, C-3′), 80.7 (d, C-3), 95.8
(d, C-l′), 130.9 (d, C-12), 138.4 (s, C-13), 178.7 (s, C-28)。以上数据与文献( Zuo GY et al., 2008)
报道基本一致,故鉴定 6 为 kaji-ichigoside F1。
化合物7 白色晶体,分子式C36H56O11,ESI-MS m/z: 663 [M - H]-, 687 [M + Na]+。1H-NMR
(500MHz, methanol-d4) : 0.59, 0.80, 0.93, 1.22, 1.41(each 3H, s, CH3), 0.96(3H, d,
J=7.6Hz), 2.18 (1H, d, J=12.0Hz, αH-1), 2.37 (1H, d, J=12.0Hz, βH-1), 2.55 (1H, s, H-18), 2.64
(1H, t, H-18), 3.68 (1H, dd, J=12.1, 4.5Hz, Ha-6’), 3.81 (1H, dd, J=12.1, 2.0Hz, Hb-6’), 4.40
(1H, s, H-3), 5.31 (1H, s, H-12), 5.33 (1H, d, J=8.2Hz, H-1’); 13C-NMR (125MHz, methanol-d4)
: 13.5 (q, C-24), 16.6 (q, C-30), 17.2 (q, C-26), 17.2 (q, C-25), 19.5 (t, C-6), 24.6 (q,
C-27), 24.7 (t, C-11), 26.5 (t, C-21), 27.1 (q, C-29), 27.2 (t, C-16), 29.7 (t, C-15), 33.3 (t,
C-7), 38.2 (s, C-10), 38.2 (t, C-22), 41.6 (s, C-8), 42.8 (d, C-20), 42.8 (s, C-14), 44.4 (s,
C-4), 47.2 (d, C-9), 48.2 (d, C-5), 49.5 (s, C-17), 54.3 (t, C-1), 54.9 (d, C-18), 62.5 (t,
C-6’), 65.4 (t, C-23), 71.1 (d, C-4’), 73.6 (s, C-19), 73.9 (d, C-2’), 77.9 (d, C-3’), 78.3 (d,C-5’),
78.5 (d, C-3), 95.8 (d, C-1’), 129.0 (d, C-12), 140.0 (s, C-13), 178.5 (s, C-28), 213.9 (s, C-2)。以上
数 据 与 文 献 ( Germain Ntchatcho et al., 2009) 报 道 基 本 一 致 , 故 鉴 定 7 为
β-D-glucopyranosyl 3β,19α-dihydroxy-2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate。
化合物 8 白色晶体,分子式 C35H60O6,在 5%硫酸乙醇溶液中显紫红色,与胡萝卜苷标准
品 TLC 检测 Rf 值一致,且混合后熔点不降低。13C-NMR (125MHz, CDCl3) : 12.1 (C-18),
13.0 (C-29), 17.0 (C-26), 18.3 (C-21), 19.0 (C-27), 19.2 (C-19), 19.8 (C-11), 22.0 (C-28),
22.1 (C-15), 25.7(C-10), 27.1 (C-12), 29.0 (C-25), 29.5 (C-2), 30.4 (C-8), 31.7 (C-7), 34.4
(C-22), 34.7 (C-20), 37.1 (C-23), 37.8 (C-1), 40.6 (C-4), 41.4 (C-16), 42.1 (C-13), 45.8
(C-24), 48.2 (C-9), 55.8 (C-17), 56.0 (C-14), 61.2 (C-6’), 69.3 (C-4’), 73.4 (C-2’), 74.4
(C-5’), 75.8 (C-3’), 76.8 (C-3), 104.0 (C-1’), 122.1 (C-6), 146.4 (C-5)。以上数据与文献( Huang
JY et al., 2015)报道基本一致,故鉴定 8 为胡萝卜苷。
化合物 9 白色针晶,分子式 C29H50O,在 5%硫酸乙醇溶液中显紫红色,与 β-谷甾醇标准
品 TLC 检测 Rf 值一致,且混合后熔点不降低。13C-NMR (125MHz, CDCl3) : 12.0 (C-18),
12.1 (C-29), 18.8 (C-19), 19.1 (C-26), 19.2 (C-21), 19.8 (C-27), 21.1 (C-11), 23.1 (C-28),
24.3 (C-15), 26.1 (C-23), 28.2 (C-16), 29.1 (C-27), 29.2 (C-1), 29.3 (C-25), 31.7 (C-2),
31.9 (C-8), 34.1 (C-22), 36.4 (C-10), 36.5 (C-20), 38.3 (C-12), 39.8 (C-4), 42.3 (C-11),
45.8 (C-24), 50.1 (C-9), 56.1 (C-17), 56.8 (C-14), 71.8 (C-3), 121.7 (C-6), 140.8 (C-5)。以
上数据与文献( Zhang HC et al., 2016)报道基本一致,故鉴定 9 为 β-谷甾醇。
3 结论
本研究从桂林三金药业提供的金樱根乙醇浸膏的乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到 9 个化合
物,其中化合物 2、4、5、7 为首次从该植物中分离得到,这些分离得到的化合物多为儿茶
素类化合物和五环三萜类化合物,且多以同分异构体的形式存在。儿茶素类化合物大多具有
抗氧化、抗菌等活性,三萜类化合物大多具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎等活性。因此我
们将进一步对所分离的得到的化合物进行生物活性的研究,从而为该药用植物的充分利用提
供科学依据。
参考文献:
The national assembly of Chinese herbal medicine editorial (全国中草药汇编编写组). 1975.
The national assembly of Chinese herbal medicine (全国中草药汇编)[M]. Beijing (北
京):Peoples Medical Publishing House (人民卫生出版社), 490.
Li SZ (李时珍). 1975. Compendium of Materia Medica (本草纲目)[M]. Beijing (北京):
Peoples Medical Publishing House (人民卫生出版社), 2096-2097.
Germain Ntchatcho, Luisella Verotta, Paola Vita Finzi, et al. 2009. A new β-D-glucopyranosyl
2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate from the Cameroonian plant Combretum bracteatum[J]. Nat Pro
Commun, 4(12):1631-1636.
Guan XL (关小丽), Huang YL (黄永林), Liu CL (刘春丽), et al. 2014. Study on the chemical
constituents of litchi chinensis percarp(1) (荔枝皮化学成分的研究(1) ) [J]. Guihaia (广西植物),
34,(2):151-154.
Huang JY (黄建猷), Lu WJ (卢文杰), Tan X (谭晓), et al. 2015. Chemical constituents from
Macaranga denticulate root (中平树根化学成分研究) [J]. J of Chin Med Mat (中药材),
08:1671-1673.
Li YF (李延芳), Hu LH (胡立宏), LOU FC (楼凤昌). 2003. Studies on the constituents of Rosa
mult if lora. (野蔷薇根化学成分的研究)[J]. Chin Pharm J (中国药学杂志), 05:16-18
Liu DL (刘岱琳), Zhu S (朱珊), Ma R (马荣), et al. 2010. Triterpenoids from the roots of Rose
odorata var. gigantean (固公果根中的三萜类成分)[J]. Chin J of Nat Med (中国天然药物),
01:12-15.
WU XP (吴小鹏), Huang XY (黄小燕), ZHANG XP (张小坡), et al. 2014. Triterpenoid
components from Rosa cymosa. (小果蔷薇中三萜类化学成分研究)[J]. Chin Her Med (中草药),
05:626-630.
Zhang CF (张朝凤), GUI X (贵新), SUN QS(孙启时), et al. 2003.Tannins from the stem of
Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm (乌药茎中鞣质类成分研究 I)[J]. Chin J of Nat Med (中国天
然药物), 04: 12-14.
Zhang HC (张洪财), Wang Y (王宇), Huo Y (霍研), et al. 2016. Chemical constituents from
Ledum palus L. (细叶杜香化学成分的研究) [J]. Chin Trad Pat Med (中成药), 03:587-590.
Zuo GY (左国营), Liu SL (刘树玲), XU GL (徐贵丽), et al. 2008. Triterpenoids from the Roots
of Rubus obcordatus (Rosaceae) (钻地风的三萜类成分)[J]. Act Bot Yunnanica (云南植物研究),
03: 381.