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Role of nitric oxide in plant development and stress responses

NO在植物生长发育和环境胁迫响应中的作用


一氧化氮(NO)是具有生物活性和信号转导作用的气体活性分子,它不仅对植物的许多生命活动如种子萌发、生长和衰老等具有直接的生理调节功能,而且作为防御反应中的关键信使,参与了植物对外界环境胁迫的响应,如干旱胁迫、热胁迫、盐胁迫、UV-B辐射、臭氧胁迫、重金属胁迫、机械损伤以及植物抗病反应。NO与各种激素如乙烯、脱落酸、水杨酸、生长素和细胞分裂素等,在调节植物的生理活动与信号转导方面有明显的协同作用,通过激素起作用可能是植物内源NO作用的机理之一。探明在正常生长状况下植物内源NO对植物生长发育的调控机制及其参与信号转导的生理机制是目前研究的重点。

Nitric oxide is a bioactive and signal transmitting molecule that does not only directly exert physiological regulations on many life activities of plants such as germination, growth and senescence but also participates in the adapting of plants to environmental stresses working as the key signal carrier in defense response, such as drought stress, heat and chilling stress, salt stress, UV-B radiation, and ozone exposure, heavy metal, mechanical stress and disease resistance. Nitric oxide presents synergistic effects with phytohormones in physiological regulation and signal transmission, such as Ethylene, Abscisicacid, Saliccylicacid, indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin, it is one of nitric oxide regulation mechanisms for plants to resorts to phytohormones to play its physiological functions. In present, it is an important study to investigate endogenous NO mechanisms for plants physiological regulation and signal transmission.


全 文 :生态科学2007年4月第26卷第2期 EcoLoGIcSC ENCEApr.2007,26(2):176~180
NO在植物生长发育和环境胁迫响应中的作用
陈银萍1·2.,张满效3,陈拓4,安黎哲2(1.兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院.兰州730070;2.兰州
大学生命科学学院,兰州730000:3.兰州石化职业技术学院,兰州730060;4.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州
730000)
【摘要】 一氧化氮(No)是具有生物活性和信号转导作用的气体活性分子,它不仅对植物的许多生命活动如种子萌发、
生长和衰老等具有卣接的生理调节功能,而且作为防御反应中的关键信使,参与丁植物对外界环境胁迫的响应,如干旱
胁迫、热胁迫、盐胁迫、uv-B辐射、臭氧胁迫、重金属胁迫、机械损伤以及植物抗病反应。No与各种激素如乙烯、脱
落酸、水杨酸、生长素和细胞分裂素等,在调节植物的生理活动与信号转导方面有明显的协同作用,通过激素起作用可
能是植物内源No作用的机理之一。探明在正常生长状况下植物内源N0对植物生长发育的调控机制及其参与信号转导
的生理机制是目前研究的重点。
关键词;一氧化氮;植物激素;生长发育;非生物胁迫:信号转导
中围分类号;Q142 文献标识码;A 文章编号;1008-8873(2007)02.176-05
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一氧化氮(ni仃icoxidc。NO)是一种广泛分布于
生物体的气体活性分子,具有多种生理功能,曾被
Scien∞杂志确定为“年度分子”Il】。早在20世纪70
年代就曾有人报道植物释放NO以及NO对植物生长
的影响口捌,然而,关于NO和植物信号的研究主要局
限于LeshemHl和L“am5】等少数“先行者”的研究工
作,直到1998年.DelIedon肿等”J和Durner等【”发现
NO可以作为植物抗病反应的信号分子后,NO植物学
的研究引起了国际植物学界的密切关注。越来越多的
证据显示。N0是生物体内一种广泛分布的信号传导
分子旷“】。本文就目前有关NO参与植物生长发育调
控和对生物与非生物环境胁迫应答反应的研究进展作
一些介绍。
1 N0对植物生长发育的调控
1.1 NO与种子萌发
No能刺激各种植物的种子萌发。No供体硝谱钠
∞di砌ni仃o-pmsside,SNP)能使莴苣种子在黑暗条
件下萌发【l”,也能明显促进渗透胁迫下小麦种子萌
发、胚根和胚芽伸长Il”。羽扇豆(£印如m胁∞L.
cv.v∞tus)种子的萌发率与0.1~800um浓度范围的
sNP剂量成正比,而且在种子受到重金属和盐胁迫时
仍具有促进作用ll⋯。
1.2 NO与植物生长
有研究表明,NO在高浓度时能抑制西红柿【2l、莴
苣f15】和豌豆川的生长,低浓度时能促进它们的生长。
NO可以使光合电子传递和ArP合成受阻¨“,抑制下胚
轴伸长【12】,增加豌豆叶片特别是保卫细胞中的叶绿素
含量【”J。延缓受P^∥枷晴Dm却钰£∞s侵染马铃薯叶片
中叶绿素的丧失【5】。NO对叶绿素保持力的正效应反映
了NO对铁有效性的影响。用N0处理野生型玉米可以
收稿日期:200由12-∞.2007一∞一20接受
基盒项目,国家自然科学基金项目‘9030201D):兰州空通大学基金资助
项目。
作者简介t陈银萍(197}一).女(汉旗),博士.副教授,主要从事环
境生物学研究。
·通讯联系人l Bnmd:yipcI@.1蛹饥∞联系电话-0139l螂12昕
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
2期 陈银萍.等:NO在植物生长发育和环境胁迫响应中的作用
拟中胚轴对UV-B的响应,如抑制胚轴伸长、降低葡聚
糖酶的活性、提高胚轴细胞壁中的蛋白含量等,而用
No合成酶抑制剂LNNA处理的幼苗中,这些表现可被
完全逆转;有趣的是,在uv—B下,外源NO供体的生
理作用与活性氧清除剂NAC的作用相似。这些结果暗
示在UV-B辐射下的玉米中胚轴生长过程中,NO可能
是既作为第二信使又作为一种抗氧化剂起作用。
3.5臭氧
大气污染物臭氧也可能与NO作用。Rao和Davis
用一种对臭氧敏感的拟南芥生态型为材料的研究表
明,臭氧可促进|NOS的活性,这一效应发生在水杨酸
积累和细胞死亡之前。据此,他们认为NO的产生使该
拟南芥生态型对臭氧的敏感性提高,并可能作为一种
信号分子引发超敏细胞死亡i”l。NO可以诱导烟草中
sA合成171,NO处理增加了臭氧诱导的乙烯的产生和叶
损伤㈨。
3.6机械损伤(mechanicalstress)
Pedroso等对伽蓝菜(Kalanchoedaigrem ntiana)
和红豆杉(Taxusbrevifolia)的叶和愈伤组织进行离心
(机械损伤)处理,发现离心可以诱-导-NO产生,随后
DNA断裂,细胞死亡,而且NOS抑制剂可以减少NO
的产生和细胞程序性死亡[52j3,⋯。Garces等对
Arabidopsis叶细胞进行的机械损伤同样通过NOS诱
导NO产生m1。
4结语
综上所述,目前在NO植物学研究方面已取得了重
要进展并达成了比较广泛的共识,NO对植物生理调控
研究领域人们普遍认为NO直接参与调节种子萌发、根
系发育、叶片生长、细胞的程序性死亡等生理进程和
植物对逆境胁迫的应答,其功能很可能是与植物激素
协同实现的,存在确切的剂量效应和部位差异,NO
和其它过氧化物可能协同作用完成植物过敏性反应。
但有关NO与植物抗逆性的研究主要是通过外源NO
供体、NO合成酶抑制剂、NO清除剂等在环境胁迫下
对植物生理指标的影响,分析NO在胁迫响应中的作
用,并逐渐涉及到基因转录、酶(蛋白)表达等分子
水平的作用机制,这不一定符合植物体内的实际情况,
因此今后将研究重心转到植物内源NO与植物胁迫响
应的关系上。这是很必要的。实际上,许多植物自身
能在其生存的自然环境下产生一定的NO[561,而且很
多环境胁迫因子能诱导植物内源NO的产生。如Gould
等157]曾以烟草悬浮细胞为材料,揭示植物内源NO的
产生可以为高温、渗透胁迫和盐胁迫激发,而不为强
光和机械伤害激发。这表明植物内源NO在相应的非生
物胁迫中是具有一定的生理功能作用的。另外,No
分子小、寿命短、不带电荷、具有高扩散性【,Sl,因此
内源No极有可能是植物逆境响应中理想的信号分
子[59】。对植物内源NO的生理调节功能和信号转导机
制进行深入研究,探明在正常生长状况下植物内源No
对植物生长发育的调控机制及其参与信号转导的生理
机制,尤其对NO和植物激素的协同作用机理应是目前
研究的重点。
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万方数据
万方数据
NO在植物生长发育和环境胁迫响应中的作用
作者: 陈银萍, 张满效, 陈拓, 安黎哲, CHEN Yin-ping, ZHANG Man-xiao, CHEN Tuo,
AN Li-zhe
作者单位: 陈银萍,CHEN Yin-ping(兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州,730070;兰州大学生命科学
学院,兰州,730000), 张满效,ZHANG Man-xiao(兰州石化职业技术学院,兰州,730060), 陈
拓,CHEN Tuo(中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州,730000), 安黎哲,AN Li-
zhe(兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州,730000)
刊名: 生态科学
英文刊名: ECOLOGIC SCIENCE
年,卷(期): 2007,26(2)
被引用次数: 3次

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42.Vranova E;Inze D;Van Breusegem F Signal transduction during oxidative stress[外文期刊] 2002(372)
43.Neill S J;Desikan R;Hancock J T Nitric oxide signalling in plants[外文期刊] 2003(1)
44.Leshem Y Nitric oxide in plants 2001
45.Pagnussat G C;Lanteri M L;Lamattina L Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP Are Messengers in the Indole
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46.Pagnussat G C;Simontacch I M;Puntarulo S Nitric oxide is required for root organogenesis[外文期刊
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47.Anderson L;Mansfield T A The effects of nitric oxide pollution on the growth of tomato[外文期刊]
1979
48.Hufton C A;Besford R T;Wellburn A R Effects of NO(+NO2)pollution on growth,nitrate reductase
activities and associated protein contents in glasshouse lettuce grown hydroponically in winter CO2
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49.Kopyra M;Edward A;Gwóz′dz Nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and counteracts the
inhibitory effect of heavy metals and salinity on root growth of Lupinus luteus[外文期刊] 2003
50.Garcia-Mata C;Lamattina L Nitric oxide and abscisic acid cross talk in guard cells[外文期刊] 2002
51.Neill S J;Desikan R;Clarke A Nitric oxide is a novel component of abscisic acid signalling in
stomatal guard cells[外文期刊] 2002
52.Klepper L A Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions from herbicide-treated soybean
plants 1979
53.Zhao Z;Chen G;Zhang C Interaction between reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in drought
induced abscisic acid synthesis in root tips of wheat seedlings[外文期刊] 2001(10)
54.Jiang M;Zhang J Involvement of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase in abscisic acid-and water stress-
induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings[外文期刊] 2002(6)
55.Cueto M;Hernandez PO;Martin R Presence of nitric oxide synthase activity in roots and nodules of
Lupinusalbus[外文期刊] 1996
56.Gouvea C M C P;Souza J F;Magalhaes M I S NO-releasing substances that induce growth elongation in
maize root segments[外文期刊] 1997
57.Graziano M;Beligni M V;Lamattina L Nitric oxide improves iron availability in plants[外文期刊]
2002
58.Leshem Y Y;Haramaty E;Iluz D Effect of stress nitric oxide (NO):interaction between chlorophyll
fluorescence,galactolipid fluidity and lipoxygenase activity[外文期刊] 1997
59.Takahashi S;Yamasaki H Reversible inhibition of photophosphorylation in chloroplasts by nitric
oxide[外文期刊] 2002(1/3)

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