In studying the spatial and temporal patterns of acorn predation of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. by vertebrates, Three forests in Dongling Mountain, Northern China, including a broad-leaved forest, a Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest and a Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. forest were selected in which acorn predation was observed in the peak period of acornfall and the period after natural acornfall. The survival of acorn from predation was influenced by forest types and period of acornfall as well as the interaction of forest types and the period of acornfall. The rates of acorn loss are high in the Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest in both peak period of acornfall and period after natural acornfall. All the acorns deployed on the ground disappeared within two days. In the broad-leaved forest, the rate of acorn loss was high in the period after natural acornfall, but low in the peak period of acornfall probably due to predator satiation. In addition, the acorn removal by the small mammals under study was different among 3 forests. These results suggest that small vertebrates play an important role in predating and dispersing acorns with different spatial and temporal patterns which may affect the acorn fate in different types of forests and the establishment of seedlings as well as the natural regeneration of Q. liaotungensis population.
东灵山地区脊椎动物对辽东栎坚果捕食的时空格局
王巍 马克平 高贤明
（中国科学院植物研究所，北京100093）
摘要：在北京东灵山地区 ,选择 3种不同森林类型 ,于辽东栎 (Quercusliaotungensis Koidz .)坚果下落高峰期和坚果自然下落后 ,对坚果逃逸脊椎动物捕食的存活时间进行调查。森林类型、坚果下落时期以及森林类型和坚果下落的交互作用对坚果的生存时间都有显著影响。在辽东栎坚果下落高峰期和坚果自然下落后 ,华北落叶松 (Larixprincipis_rupprechtii Mayr.)林和油松 (Pinustabulaeformis Carr.)林中辽东栎坚果的丢失速率非常快 ;在落叶阔叶林中 ,坚果在自然下落后丢失速率较快 ,在坚果下落高峰期丢失速率较慢。这种现象可能是由于暂时“捕食者饱足(predatorsatiation)”的原因。另外 ,选择 3个森林类型 ,单独调查小型哺乳动物对坚果生存的影响。坚果在各林型中表现出不同的丢失动态。这些研究结果说明 :脊椎动物对辽东栎坚果的捕食十分强烈 ,在时间和空间上对坚果的捕食都不相同。坚果生存的时空格局差异将直接影响辽东栎坚果在不同森林类型中的命运、幼苗建成以及辽东栎种群的天然更新 (naturalregeneration)。
关键词： 辽东栎；坚果丢失；脊椎动物
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