One new species, four newly recorded genera, and two newly recorded species of diatoms are described from China. They are Sellaphora fuxianensis sp. nov. Li, Sellaphora Mereschkowsky, Karayevia Round & Bukhtiyarova,Placoneis Mereschkowsky, FallaciaStickle & Mann, Placoneis prespanensis Levkov, Krstic & Nakov, andFallacia lucinensis (Hustedt) D. G. Mann. All taxa were collected from Lake Fuxian in Yunnan Province, China. These species were observed with LM and SEM, and their taxonomic characters are discussed.