Asteraceae are distinguishable by their head-like inflorescence called a capitulum. There are a variety of capitulum types due to different combinations of different composing florets. Morphological evolution of capitula must involve homoplasy under selective constraints. Therefore, a comparative examination of ontogenies of divergent capitula among phylogenetically close taxa is important to investigate the genetic and molecular bases of this trait. In the subtribe Artemisiinae, tribe Anthemideae, three closely related genera have different flower heads: