作 者 ：戴传超,谢慧,王兴祥*,李培栋,李奕林,张桃林
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 8期 页码：2105~2111
Keywords:peanut, medicinal plant, intercrop, continuous monocropping obstacles, endophytic fungi,
摘 要 ：利用盆栽试验研究了药用植物间作及接种内生菌拟茎点霉B3的菌丝对连作花生（Archis hypogaea）红壤微生物区系及花生产量的影响，以探索花生连作障碍的生物防治措施。结果表明，药材间作和接种B3能够显著减少土壤霉菌数量、增加土壤细菌数量和土壤蔗糖酶活性，增加花生超氧化物歧化酶（SOD酶）活性和花生产量。与花生单作相比, 茅苍术（Atractylodes lancea）/京大戟（Euphorbia pekinensis）间作花生产量增加9%-22%，接种B3处理花生产量增加24%。茅苍术/京大戟和花生间作处理配合接种B3后，花生产量分别较未接种B3处理增加30%和4%。其中茅苍术花生间作配合接种B3处理的花生产量最高，比对照（P）花生产量高59%，比单独接种B3处理（PB3）的花生产量高28%；京大戟花生间作配合接种B3处理（PEB3）的花生产量比对照增加13%，但不及单独接种B3处理（PB3）。这表明茅苍术间作和接种B3具有协同提高花生产量的作用，而京大戟或许对B3的功能发挥有一定抑制作用。
Abstract:The deterioration of soil microflora and the decline of enzyme activity have been regarded as two key factors of the reduction in peanut yield in long\|term continual peanut cropping system. To understand soil biological functions in peanut cropping system, a surface layer (0-20 cm in depth) of red soil was sampled from a 15\|year\|old continuous peanut cropping upland at the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in Yingtan, Jiangxi province (N28°13′, E116°55′ with an altitude of 45 m ASL), and pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of intercropping with medicinal plants and adding endophytic fungi B3 (Phomopsis sp.) on soil microflora, saccharase, urease activities, and peanut superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peanut yield. The results showed that intercropping with medicinal plants and adding endophytic fungi B3 treatments significantly reduced soil mould colony forming units (CFU), but enhanced bacterium CFU and saccharase activity. The bacteria increase and mould reduction followed the order of Atractylodes lancea intercropping peanut with adding B3 treatment (PAB3) > peanut monocropping with adding B3 treatment (PB3) > Euphorbia pekinensis intercropping peanut with adding B3 treatment (PEB3) > A. lancea intercropping peanut treatment (PA) > E. pekinensis intercropping peanut treatment (PE) > control (peanut monocropping, P). Compared to the control (P), soil saccharase activity was significantly increased at flowering pegging stage in the PA and PE treatments. Its increase was greater after adding B3. The highest was observed in the PAB3 treatment combing the intercropping and B3 adding functions. Soil urease activity was also increased significantly after adding B3 (e.g., PB3, PAB3 and PEB3 treatments), although its change was less than soil saccharase activity. As a result, peanut SOD activity and peanut yield were increased significantly in the intercropping with medicinal plants and adding B3 treatments. The peanut SOD activity was the order PAB3 > PEB3 > PB3、PA > PE > P. Compared to the control (P), the PA and PE treatments rose the peanut yield by 9%-22%, while an increase of 24% was in PB3 treatment. Adding B3 increased the yield by 30% and 4% in PAB3 and PEB3 treatments than PA and PE treatments, respectively. Combining the intercropping and B3 adding increased the yield by 59% greater in the PAB3 than in the control (P), but only 13% increase was found in the PEB3 treatment. These results suggested that some synergisms might take place between the intercropping A. lancea and addition of B3 for improving peanut yield, while the presence of E. pekinensis might inhibit B3 activity to some degree, and its mechanism need more investigation.
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