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作 者 ：马志杰,钟金城,韩建林,徐惊涛,窦全林,常怀普

期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 9期 页码：4798~4803

关键词：野牦牛；线粒体DNA；D\|Loop区；遗传多样性；

Keywords:wild yak, mitochondrial DNA, D\|loop region, genetic diversity,

摘 要 ：为从分子水平上评价野牦牛(Bos grunniens mutus)的遗传多样性，对6头野牦公牛线粒体DNA D\|loop 区全序列进行了克隆和测定(GenBank登录号为：FJ548840～FJ548845)，结合GenBank中已刊登的2条野牦牛的相应序列，使用BioEdit 709、DnaSP 4.10.1、Arlequin 3.11等生物信息学软件，对全部8条序列开展了比对分析，确定了多态位点与单倍型数目，计算了核苷酸多样度和单倍型多样度。结果表明8条野牦牛线粒体DNA D\|loop 区全序列长度在891～894 bp之间，其中A、T、G和C 4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为32.68%、28.65%、13.46%和25.21%，A+T的平均含量为61.33%。排除4处核苷酸的插入或缺失后，共检测到39处转换和颠换位点，占分析序列总长度的4.38%，其中包括4处单一多态位点和35处简约信息位点。依据序列间核苷酸变异共确定了7种单倍型，单倍型多样度(h)为0.9643，核苷酸多样度(π)为0.02144，提示野牦牛群体具有丰富的遗传多样性。

Abstract:To investigate the molecular genetic diversity of wild yak (Bos grunniens mutus), the complete mitochondrial DNA D\|loop sequences of six wild yak bulls were cloned and sequenced (GenBank accession No.: FJ548840\|FJ548845). These sequences together with two D\|loop sequences of wild yak retrieved from the GenBank were aligned to determine the polymorphic loci and the number of haplotypes using software of BioEdit 7.0.9, DnaSP 4.10.1 and Arlequin 3.11. Moreover, the nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (h) were calculated. The results showed that the lengths of mitochondrial DNA complete D\|loop sequences of the wild yak were between 891 bp and 894 bp, the average base contents of A, T, G and C were 32.68%, 28.65%, 13.46% and 25.21%, respectively, and the average content of A+T was up to 61.33%. There were 39 transitions or transversions (four insertion or deletion sites exclusive) including four single nucleotide mutation sites and 35 parsimony informative sites. According to the variation between the sequences, seven haplotypes were identified with h and π as of 0.9643 and 0.02144, respectively. These results indicated a considerable genetic diversity in the wild yak.

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