Abstract:The flowering phenology, floral design and characteristics of wind pollination in Hippophae neurocarpa S.W. Liu et T.N. He endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau were investigated in field. We examined pollen viability, stigmatic receptivity and pollen production in this species respectively. The results showed that the shrub adapted to anemophily with dioecism, small flowers, no corollas, flowering before leaf emergence, the sepals of staminate flowers vertical spited and formed a wind-tunnel through which pollen dispersed. Male flowers produced a large number of subsphaeroidal pollen grains, while female flowers had one slender and twisted stigma protruding calyx tube and a relatively large surface area covered with mastoids densely. The pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity could last 16.5 d and 10 to 20 d respectively. Pollination of this shrub often occurred in mid- and late of May. Population flowering phase last about 12-25d in variable weather, but pollen is explosively released in fine days to reduce pollen loss in unfavorable environments. The results of gravity slide indicated the highest pollen density appeared at about 15m away of the pollen source and the pollen could reach 135m. We found the amount of pollen on slides during the night was also considerable high in fine days.These findings indicated that explosive pollen dispersal by wind in Hippophae neurocarpa in favorable weather was an adaptive strategy in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China.