摘 要 ：于2004年5月至2005年2月对粤东大规模养殖区柘林湾的角毛藻（Chaetoceros）群落的时空分布进行了季节性调查。调查期间，共发现角毛藻54种（含变种、变型），包括3个未知角毛藻种，其中柔弱角毛藻（C. debilis），双孢角毛藻（C. didymus var. didymus），劳氏角毛藻（C. lorenzianus），小角毛藻（C. minutissimus）和聚生角毛藻（Chaetoceros socialis）均为柘林湾全年出现种。柘林湾角毛藻种类丰富度和细胞丰度的季节变化均呈现高温季节高低温季节低的特点，而平面分布均表现出由湾内向湾外递增的趋势。整体而言，是一个角毛藻种类数很高而细胞丰度较低的海湾。分析表明，水温是影响角毛藻种类丰富度和细胞丰度季节变化的关键因素，而光照、种间竞争和浮游动物群落结构的组成是影响其时空分布的主要因素。
Abstract:Seasonal ecological study on Chaetoceros community in Zhelin Bay, South China Sea, where have been frequently hit by harmful algae blooms, was performed during 2004-05-2005-02. A total of 72 phytoplankton samples were collected in the present study, and among which Chaetoceros was found to be present in 68 samples, with total 54 Chaetoceros species; main species include: C. affinis,C. brevis,C. castracanei,C. crinitus,C. curvisetus,C. danicus,C. debilis,C. diadema,C. didymus,C. distans,C. laciniosus,C. laevis,C. lorenzianus,C. minutissimus,C. muelleri,C. neocompactum,C. peruvianus,C. pseudocrinitus,C. pseudocurvisetus,C. siamense,C. socialis,C. tortissimus, among which C. debilis, C. didymus, C. lorenzianus, C. minutissimus, C. socialis were the species appeared in Zhelin Bay all year round. The community density ranged from 0 to 23.39×104cells/L and an overall average of 3.55×104cells/L, contributing 290% to total phytoplankton density. Spatially, Chaetoceros species richness ranged from 0 to 36, and the total density ranged from 0.71-10.24×104cells/L, both were characterized by a typical progressively increasing pattern with the lowest located inner and highest located outer of the bay. Temporally, Chaetoceros species richness ranged from 7 to 46, and the total density ranged from 0.04-7.86 104cells/L, both were characterized by a typical annual pattern with the lowest in cold seasons and highest in warm seasons. In total, Zhelin Bay had high Chaetoceros species richness and relatively low density. Our analysis indicated that water temperature was the key factor affected the seasonal variation of species richness and density of Chaetoceros, and light、interspecific competition and structure of zooplankton community were important factors affected the spatial and temporal distribution of Chaetoceros.