作 者 ：冯秋红,史作民*,董莉莉,刘世荣
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 21期 页码：5781~5789
Keywords:response, functional traits, meteorological factors, Quercus, temperate zone of NSTEC,
摘 要 ：在南北样带温带区选择11个栎属树种的核心分布区，对各区栎属建群树种的功能性状(叶片干物质含量、比叶重、叶片养分含量、叶片光合速率以及种子性状)进行了测定，并对功能性状与气象因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明：首先，在南北样带温带区，当外界环境变化时，栎属建群树种的功能性状也会随之变化。由南向北随着温度的下降，年均日照时数增加，栎属树种的生长季缩短，而基于叶片面积和重量的光合能力(Aarea、Amass)增加，这使得它们在有限时间内提高光合生产来维持其自身的生理活动。同时，种子去皮干重、种皮干重均随着温度的降低、年日照时数的增加而增加。当降水条件变化时，栎属树种还会通过调节其叶片干物质含量、比叶重来适应其生境。其次，功能性状间也存在一定的相关关系；此外，随着研究尺度的变化(种间尺度至种内尺度)，功能性状与气象因子间关系也随之变化。
Abstract:It was found that plant trait was a useful tool for linking plant and environment as early as in 19th century. Since “plant functional trait” was made by Díaz for the first time in 2001, many researches have been done on the relationships between plant and environment through plant functional traits in the world, but there were still few in our country, especially those in large scale. In order to reveal the relationships between plant functional traits and environment (primarily meteorological factors) in temperate zone of North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) and compare with those in globe scale, functional traits (leaf dry mass content (LDMC), leaf mass per area (LMA), nitrogen content per leaf mass (Nmass), phosphorus content per leaf mass (Pmass), potassium content per leaf mass (Kmass), photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area (Aarea), photosynthetic rate per unit leaf mass (Amass), seed mass without skin and seed skin mass) of Quercus dominant trees (Q. mongolica, Q. liaotungensis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena, Q. variabili, Q. acutissima, Q. aliena var. acuteserrata and Q. serrata var. brevipertiolata)in their eleven core habitats in temperate zone of NSTEC were measured, and the relationships between the traits and meteorological factors, and some relationships among plant functional traits (mainly between leaf traits and seed traits)were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and Standardised Major Axis (SMA). The results showed that the functional traits of Quercus dominant trees changed with environmental factors in temperate zone of NSTEC, and mean annual temperature (MAT) was the most important meteorological factors affected the traits. From the south to the north, length of growing season of the trees become shorter and shorter due to the decrease of mean annual temperature, but their Aarea and Amass increased in order to maintain their physiological behaviors (including development, reproduction and resistance to external disturbance and so on) in limited time. Both seed mass without skin and seed skin mass of the trees increased from the south to the north in order to improve viability and resistance of seed to the decrease of MAT and the increase of mean annual sunlight (MASL). As rainfall changed, the trees could also adapt to environment by adjusting their LDMC and LMA and both of them decreased as mean annual rainfall (MAR) increased. In addition, Pmass of Quercus fell down with increase of MAR. It was probably caused by stronger leaching of phosphorus due to more rainfall. There were also relationships among functional traits. For example, both seed mass without skin and seed skin mass of the trees increased with LMA or Kmass rising. Meanwhile, as research scale has varied (from interspecies to intraspeies), the relationships between functional traits and meteorological factors also changed. Some correlations between the traits and meteorological factors from interspecies were significant, but those from intraspecies were not, for example, the negative correlations between MAT and Aarea. Similarly, some correlations from intraspecies were significant, but those from interspecies were not, for example, the positive correlations between MASL and Aarea in the species of Q. mongolica. The research will provide references to relative researches in the future and explain driving mechanism to some extent about why Quercus formed obvious distribution pattern of geographical substitute in temperate zone of NSTEC.
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