作 者 ：尤海舟,刘兴良*,缪宁,何飞,马钦彦
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 15期 页码：4004~4011
Keywords:Quercus, Point-pattern analysis, spatial pattern, individual association,
摘 要 ：川滇高山栎灌丛（Quercus aquifolioides）是我国西南高山典型的植被类型，研究其空间格局对于研究种群的生态学过程有重要意义。为了弄清川滇高山栎种群空间格局及其个体间空间关联对海拔，尺度和大小级等因素的响应情况，研究中应用点格局分析的方法，在巴郎山沿高山栎分布海拔范围设置4个海拔梯度，并根据体积大小将高山栎分为4个大小级等级，比较不同海拔、不同尺度、不同大小级间的高山栎种群空间格局及个体间空间关联。结果表明，川滇高山栎种群空间格局及其个体间关联与空间尺度、植株形体大小和海拔梯度密切相关：在小尺度上，种群趋向于聚集分布，个体间有较强的空间关联，随着空间尺度的增大，种群逐渐趋于随机分布，个体间空间关联减弱，区域无关联；个体间形体差异越小，个体间正关联就越强，个体间形体差异越大，正关联就越弱，负关联就越强；海拔因子对聚集分布的聚集规模和个体间关联的关联程度有较大影响。
Abstract:Quercus aquifolioides scrubs are typical types of vegetation in western Sichuan, China. It is critical to analyze the spatial patterns for its important function on depicting the ecological processes of Quercus populations. Therefore, the spatial patterns of this species were investigated and analyzed, in this study for three main aims: (1) to describe the spatial patterns and individual association changes along with the elevation gradients; (2) to figure out the relationships between the spatial scales and the spatial patterns; (3) to analyze the effect of plants sizes on the spatial patterns and the individual association. The distribution range of Quercus in Ba Lang Mountain, Sichuan was chosen as the study area. Four elevation gradients were set up in the study area, which included the elevation of 2400m, the elevation of 2800m, the elevation of 3200m, and the elevation of 3600m. Four plots with the size of 50m 50m were established in each elevation gradients, where Quercus plants were recorded and mapped. In order to identify the differences and associations between the Quercus populations, the plants were divided into four plant size level by the product of coronary diameter and height. The types included plant size 1, plant size 2, plant size 3, and plant size 4. The point-pattern analysis is effective and realizable for the measurement of the spatial patterns. Accordingly, point-pattern analysis was used to evaluate the spatial distribution patterns and individual association of Quercus populations along altitudes gradients, spatial scale and plant size. The results showed that the spatial patterns and their individual associations closely related to the spatial scale, the plant size and the altitude gradients. On a smaller scale, Quercus populations were in clustered distribution, with strong spatial association among individuals; with the spatial scale increasing, the spatial distribution pattern of Quercus populations gradually became random, and individual association was weakened to no association. The differences of plant size among individuals was another important factor that affected the spatial associations, the larger differences of plant size among individuals, the stronger associations between individuals were existed, and vice versa. For example, the differences between plant size 1 and plant size 4 were the largest, so the special association between them was the strongest, which basically showed a negative association. The elevation was also an important factor for spatial patterns of Quercus populations. With the elevation increasing, the amount of Quercus populations was changed, with the most amount at the elevation of 2800m. The intensity of population aggregation also changed at different elevations, with the greatest aggregation at the elevation of 2800m. The spatial association among individuals had great difference between altitudes, and the greatest association existed at the elevation of 2800m. In these four elevation gradients, the amount of the four plant sizes varied in the following order: plant size 2﹥plant size 3﹥plant size 4﹥plant size 1.
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