免费文献传递   相关文献

Effects of conservation tillage on soil organic matter in paddy rice cultivation

保护性耕作对稻田土壤有机质的影响



全 文 :第 !" 卷第 ## 期
!$$" 年 ## 月
生 态 学 报
%&’% (&)*)+,&% -,.,&%
/012 !",.02 ##
.032,!$$"
!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(45""#$"6);中国科学院重点基金资助项目(7859!:;#:!$6)
收稿日期:!$$<:##:$6;修订日期:!$$":$=:#6
作者简介:邵景安(#5"< >),男,安徽亳州人,博士,主要研究领域土地利用与生态过程2 (:?@A1:BC@0D@E 1FGAB2 @H2 HI
"通讯作者 &0FFGBJ0IKAIL @MNC0F2 (:?@A1:OGAHPE BOM2 GKM2 HI
致谢:QG O0M1K 1ARG N0 NC@IR AIKA3AKM@1B OC0 @BBABNGK AI KGBALIAIL @IK B@?J1AIL 0P NCAB GSJGFA?GIN2
/)0.1-",). ,"’2:’CG JF0DGHN O@B PAI@IHA@11T BMJJ0FNGK UT NCG .@NA0I@1 .@NMF@1 -HAGIHG V0MIK@NA0I 0P &CAI@(.02 45""#$"6)@IK 7GT WF0DGHN 0P &CAIGBG
%H@KG?T 0P -HAGIHGB (.02 7859!:;#:!$6)
3’(’,4’1 1-"’:!$$<:##:$6;5((’#"’1 1-"’:!$$":$=:#6
6,)+7-#!8:-X%) ;AIL:%I,?@AI1T GIL@LGK AI 1@IK MBG @IK GH0:JF0HGBB2 (:?@A1:BC@0D@E 1FGAB2 @H2 HI
保护性耕作对稻田土壤有机质的影响
邵景安#,!,唐晓红#,魏朝富#,",谢德体#
(#2 西南大学 资源环境学院,重庆Y 4$$"#<;!2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京Y #$$#$#)
摘要:研究使用常规犁耕:休闲(Z’V),常规犁耕:小麦(Z’Q),保护耕作:休闲(&’V),保护耕作:小麦(&’Q)4 个处理,评价连续
实验 #$@后保护性耕作对稻作区 -)[的影响。结果表明:垄作、免耕和小麦种植的结合是稻作区一种较好的保护性耕作实践。
它不仅显著增加 -)[在土壤表层的聚集,而且它也通过改变 -)[的组成和结构显著影响土壤胡敏酸的光谱和热解特性。相
比其他处理,垄作免耕(稻麦)在 $ > #$ H?土层拥有最多的 -)[ 含量,但随着土层厚度的增加,这一含量下降的也较为迅速。
垄作免耕(稻麦)土壤胡敏酸在波长 <<9 I?处的光密度为 $2 #!!,4<9 I?处为 $2 "$9,而常规平作(中稻)在这两个波长处却分
别为 $2 $ 6<9 \处放热峰的焓变值比常规平作低,#$$$ > #$9$ H? ]#吸收峰
常规平作也比垄作免耕强。垄作免耕土壤腐殖质的氧化稳定系数增高,表明长期垄作免耕土壤腐殖酸的缩合度增高,芳构化程
度增强。通过保护性耕作和作物实践可以管理稻田土壤,维持充分的 -)[积累,缓解土壤有机碳的丢失。
关键词:保护性耕作;小麦耕作;土壤有机质;稻作区
文章编号:#$$$:$566(!$$")##:4464:$5Y 中图分类号:^#4!,^54=Y 文献标识码:%
9::’("; ): ().;’74-",). ",**-+’ ). ;),* )7+-.,( 2-""’7 ,. #-118 7,(’ (0*",4-",).
-X%) ;AIL:%I#,!,’%.+ _A@0:X0IL#,Q(, &C@0:VM#,",_,( ZG:’A#
# !"##$%$ "& ’$(")*+$ ,-. /-01*"-2$-3,4")356$(3 7-10$*(138,!5"-%91-% 4$$"#<,!51-,
! :-(313)3$ "& ;$"%*,<51+ 4+1$-+$( ,-. =,3)*,# ’$(")*+$( ’$($,*+5,!>4,?$1@1-% #$$#$#,!51-,
!"#$ %"&’&()"$ *)+)"$,<==>,<>(??):@@A@ B @@@<,
5C;"7-(":,I NCAB BNMKT,NCG GPPGHN 0P H0IBGF3@NA0I NA11@LG 0I B0A1 0FL@IAH ?@NNGF (-)[)AI J@KKT FAHG HM1NA3@NA0I @PNGF #$ TF
O@B AI3GBNAL@NGK2 V0MF NFG@N?GINB,KABR NA11:P@110O (Z’V),KABR NA11:OCG@N (Z’Q),H0IBGF3@NA0I NA11:P@110O (&’V)@IK
H0IBGF3@NA0I NA11:OCG@N (&’Q)OGFG MBGK2 ’CG FGBM1NB AIKAH@NGK NC@N NCG H0?UAI@NA3G @JJ1AH@NA0I 0P I0 NA11@LG,FAKLG HM1NMFG
@IK OCG@N HM1NA3@NA0I O@B @ B0MIK H0IBGF3@NA0I JF@HNAHG AI J@KKT FAHG HM1NA3@NA0I2 ,N I0N 0I1T BALIAPAH@IN1T AIHFG@BGK NCG
H0IHGINF@NA0I 0P -)[ AI NCG N0JB0A1,UMN @1B0 PMFNCGF @PPGHNGK CM?AH @HAKB (X%)0JNAH@1 @IK JTF01TBAB HC@F@HNGFABNAHB
NCF0MLC HC@ILAIL NCG H0?J0BANA0I @IK BNFMHNMFG 0P -)[2 %N $ #$ H?,NCG LFG@NGBN -)[ H0INGIN O@B AI &’Q,UMN KGH1AIGK
BC@FJ1T OANC KGJNC,OCA1G AI Z’V,Z’Q @IK &’V O@B I0N @B CALC @N NCG BMFP@HG @B AI &’Q,UMN NCG -)[ H0INGIN KAK I0N
KGH1AIG @B P@BN @B AI &’Q2 ’CG 0SAK@NA0I BN@UA1A‘@NA0I 0P -)[ O@B LGIGF@11T LFG@NGF AI I0 NA11@LG @IK FAKLG HM1NMFG NC@I NC@N
0P KABR NA112 ’CG X% 0JNAH@1 KGIBANT AI &’Q @N O@3G1GILNC <<9 I? @IK 4<9 I? O@B $2 #!! @IK $2 "$9,OCA1G AI Z’V O@B
$a $!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
(-#-(,"/ )0 ’1)"!’23-* #’-4 (567 568 9)0)2 :; <=; (>2?’ ,. .) ",**-+’ -.@ 2,@+’ (>*">2’ %-A *)%’2 "!-. "!-" )0 ,. @,A4
",**,%!,*’ "!’ :; -BA)2#",). #’-4A ,. C777 C787 (3 DC #2’A’."’@ "!’ 2’?’2A’ "2’.@& =!’ )1,@-",). A"-B,*,E-",). ()’00,(,’."
)0 :; ,. .) ",**-+’ -.@ 2,@+’ (>*">2’ %-A !,+!’2 "!-. "!)A’ ,. @,A4 ",**,,.@,(-",.+ "!-" #)*/().@’.A-",). @’+2’’ -.@
-2)3-",E-",). )0 :; %’2’ A"2).+’2& =!)A’ 0,.@,.+A A>++’A" "!-" ," 3-/ B’ #)AA,B*’ ") 3-.,#>*-"’ #-@@/ A),*A "!2)>+!
().A’2?-",).-* ",**-+’ -.@ (2)# #2-(",(’A -.@ "!’2’B/ 3-,."-,. -@’F>-"’ GHI ().(’."2-",).A,3,",+-"’ A),* )2+-.,( (-2B).
*)AA 02)3 A),* ") -"3)A#!’2’&
!"# $%&’(:().A’2?-",). ",**-+’;%!’-" (>*",?-",).;A),* )2+-.,( 3-""’2;#-@@/ 2,(’ (>*",?-",).
)* +,-&%’./-0%,
J’(’."*/,- .>3B’2 )0 A">@,’A !-?’ A!)%. "!-" "!’ -3)>." )0 A),* )2+-.,( 3-""’2 (GHI),.(2’-A’@ -" 7 K7 (3
A),* @’#"! %,"! "!’ -##*,(-",). )0 ().A’2?-",). ",**-+’[C,K]& L2’F>’."*/ ",**-+’ @’A"2)/A GHI 02-(",).A[5],-.@ >2+’A "!’
"2-.A0’2 )0 GHI ") @’#"! A),* *-/’2[M]& =!’ ’*,3,.-",). )0 ",**-+’ 0-?)2’@ -((>3>*-",). )0 GHI[8]& N>","!’A’ A">@,’A
!-?’ 3-,.*/ 0)(>A’@ ). @2/*-.@A A),*,-.@ 0’% !-?’ ().A,@’2’@ #-@@/ A),*A& O) ",**-+’ -.@ 2,@+’ (>*">2’ ,A - A#’(,-*
().A’2?-",). ",**-+’ 3’"!)@,,& ’&,"!’ ()3B,.-",?’ -##*,(-",). )0 .) ",**-+’ -.@ 2,@+’ (>*">2’& J,@+’A -2’ 2’0)23’@
-")# "!’ #*-."’@ 2)% B/ (>*",?-",).,-.@ "!’ ’.A>,.+ 2)% (2)# ,A #*-."’@ ,.") 2,@+’A 0)23’@ "!’ #2’?,)>A +2)%,.+
A’-A).& O)P",** %-A E’2) )2 *,""*’ ",**-+’& :)%’?’2,"!’ ’00’("A )0 .) ",**-+’ -.@ 2,@+’ (>*">2’ ). GHI -2’ A",** !-2@*/
>.@’2A"))@,’A#’(,-**/ ,. #-@@/ 2,(’ (>*",?-",).& I)2’)?’2,"!’ ,.(2’-A’ )0 3’-. GHI ()."’." ,A -*A) #2,3-2,*/
2’*-"’@ ") "!’ 2’">2. )0 A"2-% ") A),* %!’. (2)# !-2?’A"’@[6,Q]& N>" "!’ ’00’("A )0 @2)>+!"P@2)>+!" (>*",?-",). ). GHI
!-?’ B’’. )0 +2’-" ,."’2’A",-.@ 0’% @)(>3’."A !-?’ 2’()2@’@ "!’ (!-.+’A )0 GHI,%!’. 0*))@P@2)>+!" (>*",?-",).
!-A B’’. 3-@’& R. S!,.-,#-@@/ 0,’*@A #*-/ - A,+.,0,(-." 2)*’ ,. "!’ )?’2-** -+2,(>*">2-* ’()A/A"’3A& =!’ ")"-* -2’- )0
#-@@/ 0,’*@A 2’-(!’@ 57 I!3K ,. "!’ 3,@PCTU7A (K5V )0 "!’ %)2*@WA ")"-* ,22,+-"’@ *-.@A)[U]& X-@@/ 0,’*@A #2)@>(’
).’PF>-2"’2 )0 +2-,.A 0)2 S!,.-WA 3-24’",-##2)1,3-"’*/ -(()>.",.+ 0)2 56V )0 %)2*@ ")"-* 2,(’ /,’*@[T]& X-@@/ 0,’*@A
!-@ >.,F>’ *-%A ,. 3)?’3’.",-((>3>*-",). -.@ "2-.A0)23-",). )0 GHI,@>’ ") #-@@/ 0,’*@A ()."2)**’@ B/ *).+P"’23
A’-A).-* )1,@-",).P2’@>(,B*’ ,."’2-(",).& S>22’."*/,.) ",**-+’,2,@+’ (>*">2’ -.@ 0*))@P@2)>+!" (>*",?-",). !-?’ B’’.
%,@’*/ -@)#"’@ B/ 0-23’2A,,.(*>@,.+ A3-**!)*@’2A& =!’ )BY’(",?’ )0 "!,A 2’A’-2(! %-A ") ’?-*>-"’ "!’ ’00’("A )0
().A’2?-",). ",**-+’ ). GHI ,. #-@@/ 2,(’ (>*",?-",).,-.@ ") ’.A>2’ "!’ *).+P"’23 !’-*"! )0 A),*A&
1* 23-"&034( 3,’ 5"-6%’(
1& )* G,"’ @’A(2,#",).
G),* A-3#*’A %’2’ ()**’("’@ ,. ;#2,* )2 G’#"’3B’2 ’?’2/ /’-2 02)3 - 0,’*@ ’1#’2,3’." "!-" %-A ’A"-B*,A!’@ ). "!’
2’A’-2(! 0-23 )0 G)>"!%’A" Z.,?’2A,"/ (C76[K6W \,57[K6W O;-*"& K57 3),S!).+F,.+,S!,.-,,. CTUT& =!’
(*,3-"’ ,A A>B"2)#,(-* 3).A)). %,"! - /’-2*/ -?’2-+’ "’3#’2-">2’ )0 CU& 5 9,- 3’-. -..>-* 2-,.0-** )0 CC78& M 33,
)0 %!,(! Q7V )((>2A ,. "!’ #’2,)@ 02)3 I-/ ") G’#"’3B’2,-.@ -. -..>-* 02)A"P02’’ #’2,)@ )0 55M @& =!’ A),* -" "!’
’1#’2,3’."-* A,"’ ,A +2-/ B2)%. #>2#*’ #-@@/ A),* (:-#*,PG"-+.,( ;."!2)A)*A ,. S!,.’A’ G),* =-1).)3/)@’?’*)#’@
02)3 "!’ #>2#*’ #-2’." 3-"’2,-* )0 I’A)E),( ]K A& =!’ @)3,.-." (*-/ 3,.’2-* (^ C !3),A ,**,"’& S!’3,(-* -.@
#!/A,(-* #2)#’2",’A )0 A),* -" 7 K7(3 ,. "!’ ’1#’2,3’." 0,’*@ -2’ 2’#)2"’@ ,. =-B*’ C& N’0)2’ A’"",.+ ># "!’
’1#’2,3’.","!’ -2’- !-@ B’’. (>*",?-"’@ %,"! - 2,(’ (!"#$% &%’()% _&))2 2,(’P%!’-" (*"(’(+,- %.&’(),- _&)
A>((’AA,). 0)2 57 /2 >.@’2 @,A4 ",** (@,A( #*)>+! -" CU (3 @’#"! 0)**)%’@ B/ !-22)%,.+ "%,(’ %,"! *,+!" @,A(A -" C7 (3
@’#"!)&
85MM‘ CC期 ‘ ‘ ‘ 邵景安‘ 等:保护性耕作对稻田土壤有机质的影响 ‘
!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
!"#$% &’ ()%*+,"$ "-. /)01+,"$ /23/%24+%1 35 4)% 13+$1
/*-0
(1)
#2
3& 4&
(+ 5+ 67)
8)"-* 9
(+ 5+ 67)
:;-,*-<*’ 9
(=+ 5+ 67)
:;-,*-<*’ >
(=+ 5+ 67)
:;-,*-<*’ ?
(=+ 5+ 67)
@A& BC D& 7E @F& 7 7& GD 7EH G& E 7H7& G
I,+& 7J 8!’ "0#’ )K 6& 6’ OP#’M,=’." "M’-"=’."Q
8!’ K)LM "M’-"=’."Q ,. "!,Q ’P#’M,=’." %’M’:N,Q5 ",**R
K-**)% (S8I),N,Q5 ",**R %!’-" (S8T),().Q’M;-",). ",**R
K-**)% (/8I)-.N ().Q’M;-",). ",**R%!’-" (/8T)& 8!’
Q-=’ M,(’ ;-M,’",’Q %’M’ LQ’N ,. -** #*)"Q ,. :#M,*,%!,*’
"!’ ()=<,.-",). )K %!’-" %-Q -*Q) "!’ Q-=’ ,. S8T -.N
/8T ,. 3(")<’M& S8I:8!’ K,’*N %-Q QL<=’M+’N,F (=
<’*)% %-"’M *’;’M -** "!’ 0’-M M)L.N& 8!’ #-NN0 Q),* %-Q
N,Q5’N (@A FB (= N’#"!)-.N !-MM)%’N %,"! - N,Q5R!-MM)% "!M’’ ",=’Q ,. :#M,*,U’#"’=<’M -.N 3(")<’M )K ’-(!
0’-M,M’Q#’(",;’*0& S8T:8,**-+’ %-Q N).’ -Q ,. S8I& 8!’ K,’*N %-Q QL<=’M+’N,F (= <’*)% %-"’M *’;’M,-.N M,(’
%-Q +M)%.& :K"’M "!’ !-M;’Q" )K "!’ M,(’ (M)#,"!’ K,’*N %-Q NM-,.’N "!M)L+! N,"(!’Q -M)L.N,-.N %!’-" %-Q +M)%.&
SLM,.+ "!’ %!’-" +M)%,.+ Q’-Q).,"!’ K,’*N %-Q NM-,.’N %,"! N,"(!’Q& :K"’M "!’ !-M;’Q" )K "!’ %!’-" (M)#,"!’ K,’*N
%-Q QL<=’M+’N -.N N,Q5’N -.N !-MM)%’N K)M M,(’ (L*",;-",).& /8I:.)R",** %-Q #’MK)M=’N& V,N+’Q -.N KLMM)%Q %’M’
=-N’ ,. "!’ K,’*NQ,-.N "!’ %,N’ %,N"! )K M,N+’ -.N KLMM)% %-Q AA (= (I,+& 7)& 8!’ M,N+’Q %’M’ @A (= %,N’ ). "!’
")# -.N "!’ KLMM)%Q %’M’ FB (= %,N’ -.N FA (= N’’# (KM)= ")# )K M,N+’ ") <)"")= KLMM)%)& O-(! #*)" ().Q,Q"’N )K A
M,N+’Q& IM)= "!’ <’+,..,.+ )K M,(’ "M-.Q#*-.",.+,%-"’M QLMK-(’ %-Q #-M-**’*’N %,"! M,N+’ ")# ,. "!’ K,’*N,-.N NLM,.+
"!’ M’Q" 0’-M,%-"’M N’#"! ,. KLMM)%Q %-Q @A FB (=,,& ’&,M,N+’ ")#Q #M)"MLN’N A 7B (= KM)= %-"’M QLMK-(’&
:K"’M "!’ !-M;’Q" )K "!’ M,(’ (M)#,"!’ K,’*N %-Q ,. K-**)% QL<=’M+’N %,"! %-"’M %,"!)L" ",**-+’& /8T:8,**-+’ %-Q
N).’ -Q ,. /8I& T-"’M *’;’* %-Q Q,=,*-M ") /8I NLM,.+ "!’ M,(’ +M)%,.+ Q’-Q).& :K"’M "!’ !-M;’Q" )K "!’ M,(’ (M)#,
%-"’M Q"-<*’ %-Q *)%’M’N ,. KLMM)%Q,=LN ,. KLMM)%Q %-Q Q"-(5’N <0 Q!);’* ). M,N+’ ")#Q,-.N "!’. %!’-" %-Q +M)%.&
SLM,.+ "!’ %!’-" +M)%,.+ Q’-Q).,%-"’M *’;’* ,. KLMM)%Q %-Q =-,."-,.’N -" A 7B (= N’#"!,,& ’&,M,N+’ ")#Q
#M)"MLN’N @B @A (= KM)= "!’ %-"’M QLMK-(’& :K"’M "!’ !-M;’Q" )K "!’ %!’-" (M)#,"!’ K,’*N %-Q QL<=’M+’N L# ")
M,N+’ ")# K)M "!’ (L*",;-",). )K M,(’& 8!’ "M’-"=’." #*)"Q,E = WA =,%’M’ -MM-.+’N ,. - ()=#*’"’ M-.N)=,X’N <*)(5
’P#’M,=’."-* N’Q,+. %,"! K)LM M’#*,(-",).Q&
6& 7’ U),* Q-=#*,.+
/)=#)Q,"’ Q),* Q-=#*’Q %’M’ ()**’("’N ,. :#M,* )M U’#"’=<’M ,. 7CCC KM)= ’-(! #*)" -" B 7B,7B @B,@B
FB(= -.N FB EB (= N’#"!Q LQ,.+ - Q),* -L+’M )K A (= N,-=’"’M -" "!M’’ *)(-",).Q %,"!,. ’-(! #*)",KM)= "!’ L##’M,
=,NN*’ -.N *)%’M ).’R"!,MN Q’+=’."Q )K "!’ #*)"& U-=#*’Q %’M’ "-5’. LQ,.+ - 7B,7B @B,@B FB(= -.N FB EB (= N’#"!Q& UL(Z F (=)%’M’ QL()**’("’N ()=#)Q,"’ Q),* Q-=#*’Q ,. :#M,* )M U’#"’=<’M KM)= 7CCB ") 7CCC&
6& 8’ S-"- =’-QLM’=’."
8!’ #2,U34,")"-* 9,")"-* >,")"-* ?,-;-,*-<*’ 9,-;-,*-<*’ > -.N -;-,*-<*’ ? %’M’ =’-QLM’N LQ,.+ "!’
M)L",.’ Q),* Q-=#*’ *-< -.-*0",(-* =’"!)N -(()MN,.+ ") I)Q"’M[7B]&
U34 )P,N-",). %-Q #’MK)M=’N -" M))= "’=#’M-"LM’ <0 QLQ#’.N,.+ 7 @ + )K Q),* ,. 7B @B =* )K FB1 2@3@ &
:K"’M "!’ ’.N )K "!’ ,."’.Q’ ,.,",-* M’-(",).,Q-=#*’Q %’M’ !’-"’N ") EB \ & IM’Q! 2@3@ %-Q -NN’N N-,*0 L.",* KM)"!,.+
%-Q .) *).+’M ;,Q,<*’[77]& 8!,Q %-Q LQL-**0 -(!,’;’N -K"’M @B EB N& :K"’M )P,N-",). "!’ Q-=#*’Q %’M’ %-Q!’N "%,(’
HFEE J 生J 态J 学J 报J J J @D 卷J
!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
%,"! /’0).,1’/ %-"’2,32’’1’4/2,’/ -./ -.-*51’/ 3)2 "!’ 2’0-,.,.+ 678 ().(’."2-",).&
9:0,( -(,/; (9<)%’2’ ’="2-("’/,#:2,3,’/,/,-*51’/ -./ *5)#!,*,1’/ >5 ().?’.",).-* #2)(’/:2’;[@A]& B2,’3*5,
A + )3 -,24/2,’/ -./ 3,.’*5 +2):./ ;-0#*’; %’2’ ’="2-("’/ :./’2 CA %,"! @DD 0* )3 D& E 0)* $ F C-79 -./ ;",22’/ 3)2
AG !& H!’ ;:;#’.;,). %-; (’."2,3:+’/ -" EDDD + 3)2 ID 0,. -./ "!’. 3,*"’2’/ "!2):+! - D& GE !0 3,*"’2 :;,.+ - 8,.,"-.
6 65;"’0 (8,**,#)2’,B’/3)2/,8<4J6<)& H!’ ;)*:",). %-; -(,/,3,’/ %,"! E 0)* $ F 9K* ") #9 L A ") #2’(,#,"-"’
"!’ 9< -./ %-; ;:>;’M:’."*5 (’."2,3:+’/ -" EDDD + 3)2 AD 0,. ,. )2/’2 ") ’*,0,.-"’ "!’ ;:#’2.-"-."& H!’ 9< %’2’
/,;;)*?’/ %,"! C-79 D& E 0)* $ F ") #2)/:(’ - C-4!:0-"’& H!’ C-4!:0-"’; %’2’ /,-*51’/ -+-,.;" 8,**,#)2’ %-"’2,
:;,.+ ":>,.+ (K’**: 6’# 9@4J6<)%,"! - (:"4)33 )3 @DDD N-,:.",* - .’:"2-* #9 %-; -(!,’?’/,-./ %’2’ "!’. 32’’1’4
/2,’/&
9< )#",(-* /’.;,"5,3)**)%,.+ - #2)(’/:2’ >-;’/ ). 0)/,3,(-",).; ") "!’ 0’"!)/ /’;(2,>’/ >5 C-;(,0’.")
!" #$& [@I],%-; /’"’20,.’/ ). -** ;:>;-0#*’;& 9< ;-0#*,.+ %-; /,;;)*?’/ 3)2 D& @IO 0+ K 0* P@ :;,.+ !’-" D& DA
0)* $ F C-9K7I ;)*:",).& <./ "!’. 9< )#",(-* /’.;,"5 %-; 0’-;:2’/ -" %-?’*’.+"!; QAO,OOE,O@R,EQG,EII,GRO
-./ GOE .0 "!2):+! ;#’("2)#!)")0’"’2 (QA@)>-;’/ ). D& DA ’M:,?-*’." ;)/,:0 >,(-2>).-"’ (C-9K7I);)*:",).
2’3’2’.(’& S)2 9< ’?-*:-",).,’=",.(",). ()’33,(,’." (%)%-; ’0#*)5’/& %G -./ %O 32)0 %G $ %O %-; 9< )#",(-*
/’.;,"5 -" %-?’*’.+"!; GOE -./ OOE .0,2’;#’(",?’*5&
9< ,.32-2’/ ;#’("2)+2-0 -.-*5;,; %-; (-22,’/ ):" "!2):+! TB2 ’*’("2)*5"’ ;)*:",).;[@G]& D& E 0+ 9< %-; 0,=’/
%,"! @ED 0+ TB2& 6#’("2)+2-0 -.-*5;,; %-; 0’-;:2’/ >5 -. ,.32-2’/ ;#’("2)#!)")0’"’2 (9HHU-#-.)&
9< "!’20-* -.-*5;,; (NH<)%’2’ #’23)20’/ %,"! :;,.+ - HV NH/’;(2,>’/ >5 S2-.(,);) !" #$& [@A]& <>):" @D 0+ )3 *5)#!,*,1’/ 9< %-; %’,+!’/ ). -. -*:0,.- (<*A7I)(2:(,>*’ -./
,;)"!’20-**5 !’-"’/ ") ID Y 3)2 @D 0,. :./’2 -,2 3*)% (Z F 0,. P@),-./ "!’. !’-"’/ 32)0 ID ") QDD Y ,. - ;"-",(
-,2 -"0);#!’2’& H!’ !’-",.+ 2-"’ %-; @D Y 0,. P@ & [./,:0 %-; :;’/ -; 2’3’2’.(’ ;"-./-2/& K-*(,.’/ (-)*,.,"’ %-;
:;’/ -; "!’ 2’3’2’.(’ 0-"’2,-*&
!& "# 6"-",;",(-* -.-*5;,;
N-"- %’2’ -.-*51’/ ;"-",;",(-**5 >5 -.-*5;,; )3 ?-2,-.(’ (H’;" (N8XH)%-; ’0#*)5’/ ") -;;’;; /,33’2’.(’; >’"%’’. "!’ "2’-"0’." 0’-.;& H!’ ’33’("; )3 ().;’2?-",). ",**-+’
%’2’ /’(*-2’/ -; ;,+.,3,(-." -" E^ #2)>->,*,"5 *’?’*;& 6"-./-2/ /’?,-",).; %’2’ (-*(:*-"’/ 3)2 0’-.; ?-*:’; )3 -** "!’
/’"’20,.-",).& <** ;"-",;",(-* -.-*5;’; %’2’ #’23)20’/ %,"! 6_66 ;"-",;",(-* #-(‘-+’&
$# %&’()*’ +,- -.’/(’’.0,
$& 1# 678 ()."’." -./ )=,/-",). ;"->,*,1-",).
6),* )2+-.,( 0-""’2 (678)()."’.",-" D AD (0 ;),* /’#"!,%-; !,+!’2 ,. KHa "!-. "!-" )3 ,. NHS,NHa
-./ KHS /:2,.+ - ().",.:):; @D 52 )>;’2?-",).,-; ;!)%. ,. S,+& A& <3"’2 "!’ !-2?’;" )3 "!’ 2,(’ (2)# ,. @RRR,678
()."’." %-; ZR& DA^ !,+!’2 -0):.",.+ ") G& QE^ ,. KHa,()0#-2’/ ") "!-" )3 ,. @RZR,%!,*’ %-; IO& GI^,
EOb OA^ -./ GQ& QO^ +2’-"’2 ,. NHS,NHa -./ KHS,2’;#’(",?’*5& C) ",**-+’ -./ 2,/+’ (:*":2’ ,0#2)?’/ ;),*
0,(2)’.?,2).0’.",,.(*:/,.+ ’.!-.(,.+ ;),* "’0#’2-":2’ )3 2,/+’ ")#,#2)"’(",.+ ;),* 32)0 ’2);,).,-((’*’2-",.+
"!’20-* ’=(!-.+’ >’"%’’. ;),* -./ -"0);#!’2’,-./ 3:2"!’2 ’.!-.(,.+ (2)# >,)-((:0:*-",).[@E]& H!’ -##*,(-",). )3
%!’-" (:*",?-",). ,.(2’-;’; "!’ 2’":2. )3 (2)# 2’;,/:’; ") ;),*& <; - 2’;:*",;),* ,. KHa !-/ +2’-"’2 678
().(’."2-",). "!-. "!-" )3 ,. NHS,/’;#,"’ "!’ #’2?,):;.’;; ,. KHa %-; ;"2’.+"!’.’/ "!:; 678 >’,.+ /’()0#);’/
M:,(‘*5& NHa -*;) 2’":2.’/ #*’.",3:* (2)# 2’;,/:’;,>:" 678 ().(’."2-",). ,. NHa %-; *’;; "!-. "!-" )3 ,. KHa,
/:’ ") "!-" "!’ -((:0:*-",). )3 (2)# 2’;,/:’; ,. NHa %-; *)%’2 "!-. "!-" )3 ,. KHa& a!’. ()0#-2’/ -0).+ NHS,
NHa -./ KHS,"!’ 2’;:*"; 3):./ "!-" NHa -##*,’/ %!’-" (:*",?-",). -./ KHS ()0>,.’/ .) ",**-+’ -./ 2,/+’ (:*":2’,
QIGGc @@期 c c c 邵景安c 等:保护性耕作对稻田土壤有机质的影响 c
!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
/01 -((232*-",). %-4 .)" #5).)2.(’6 6,77’5’.",8’(-24’ )7 32"2-**9 ’:(*24,;’ -3).+ "!’,5 !-8,"-" (!-5-("’5,4",(4&
,=,7-;)5-8*’ /01 ().(’."5-",). %-4 -*3)4" ,. ’A2,*,85,23 %,"!
-;-,*-8*’ /01 6’()3#)4,",). -.6 3,.’5-*,B-",).&
/01 ()."’." ,. @,+& C)& D" E FE (3,
/01 ()."’." %-4 "!’ +5’-"’4" ,. @,= %-4
.)" -4 !,+! -" "!’ 4257-(’ -4 ,. @%-4 ’;’. *)%’5 "!-. "!-" )7 ,. =<> -.6 =6,77’5’."& D" "!’ ")#4),*,"!’ 5-.I4 )7 /01 ()."’." -*).+ "!’ 6’(5’-4,.+ 4’A2’.(’ %’5’ @,@<> -.6 =%!,*’ -" "!’ 4284),*,%-4 =<>,@<>,=3,:’6 ,.") "!’ 4284),*& 1)5’);’5,"!’ -##*,(-",). )7 %!’-" (2*",;-",). ()**’("’6 "!’ 3)5’ (5)# 5’4,62’4 ,. 4),*
4257-(’& (5)# 6,;’54,"9 ()2*6 8’ ’77’(",;’ ,. ,3#5);,.+ /01&
N >,+& GN /),* )5+-.,( 3-""’5 (!-.+’ 75)3 FOOE ") FOOO 2.6’5 6,77’5’."
().4’5;-",). ",**-+’
" =<>:6,4I ",** 7-**)%;=:().4’5;-",). ",**
7-**)%;@>,+& CN /01 ()."’." 2.6’5 6,77’5’." ().4’5;-",). ",**-+’
" /’’ .)"’ 8’.’-"! >,+& G
N >,+& HN /01 ):,6-",). 4"-8,*,B-",). ()’77,(,’." 2.6’5 6,77’5’." ().4’5;-",).
",**-+’N
/’’ .)"’ 8’.’-"! >,+& G
,+& H),82" "!’9 %’5’
*’44 "!-. F& ",**& J. ()."5-4" ") "!’ ")#4),*,"!’ 4284),* /01 !-4 32(! !,+!’5 ):,6-",). 4"-8,*,B-",).& )5+-.,( ()3#)2.6 %-4 (*)4’*9 5’*-",). ") ,"4 ()55’4#).6,.+ 3)*’(2*’ 4"52("25’,-.6 %-4 !,+!’5 %!’. ()3#-5,.+ %,"! "!-"
)7 -*,#!-",( ()3#)2.6& R2324 %-4 "!’ #)*93’5,( ()3#)4,"’
3-"’5,-* )7 ()3#*’: 32*",K().6’.4-",)., ,.(*26,.+ #)*9K
!965):98’.B’.’ -5)3-",( ()3#)2.6 -.6 -3,.)8’.B’.’ .,K
"5)+’.K()."-,.,.+ ()3#)2.6& J. !2324,3)*’(2*-5 %’,+!"
7)5 ’;’59 ()3#)2.6 %-4 6,77’5’.",-.6 "!’,5 -5)3-",(,"9
%-4 -*4) 6,77’5’."& @)3#-5’6 72*;,( -(,6 ()3#)2.6,"!’
3)*’(2*-5 %’,+!" )7 !23,( -(,6 ()3#)2.6 %-4 +5’-"’5,-.6
"!’,5 -5)3-",(,"9 %-4 4"5).+’5& )7 /01 ,. 6,77’5’." "5’-"3’."4 %-4 #5).)2.(’6 6,77’5’.",
"!24 #5-(",(-**9 4!)%,.+ "!’ 6,77’5’." /01 ()3#)4,.+&
(-. -77’("4 /01 ()3#)4,.+ -.6 4"52("25’& ().4,4"’." %,"! "!)4’ 6’4(5,8’6 89 S’27’*6" !" #$& [FT] ).
UCHH N 生N 态N 学N 报N N N GT 卷N
!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
/),* "’0"12’ -.3 *-.3 4-.-+’4’." #2-(",(’ ’55’("/ ). 678&
9,+& :; <= )#",(-* 3’./,"> 1.3’2 3,55’2’." ()./’2?-",). ",**-+’
@)"’/:" 6’’ .)"’ A’.’-"! 9,+& B
!& "# <= )#",(-* (!-2-("’2,/",(/
6,+.,5,(-." 3,55’2’.(’/ A’"%’’. ’55’("/ )5 3,55’2’."
"2’-"4’."/ ). <= )#",(-* 3’./,"> )((122’3,-/ /!)%. ,.
9,+& :& C!’ +2’-"’/" <= )#",(-* 3’./,"> %-/ DCE,"!’ 5)*F
*)%,.+ %-/ GCE,-.3 "!’ *’-/" %-/ GC9& C!’/’ 5,.3,.+/
,.3,(-"’3 "!-" .) ",**-+’ -.3 2,3+’ (1*"12’ %,"! %!’-" (1*",F
?-",). 5-?)2’3 "!’ 5)24-",). )5 !141/,%!,(! /!)%’3 "!’
+2’-"’2 4)*’(1*-2 %’,+!" -.3 "!’ 4)2’ ()4#*’0 /"21("12’&
C!’ 4)*’(1*-2 ()4#*’0,"> ,/ "!’ !,+!’2,-.3 <= )#",(-*
3’./,"> ?-*1’ ,/ "!’ +2’-"’2& =2)4-",( ()2’ !-/ !,+!’2 ().F
3’./-",). 3’+2’’ 31’ ") "!’ 4)2’ 2-3,(’*& <)%’?’2,"!’
41(! /,.+*’ <= %,"! *)%’2 -2)4-",(,"> !-/ "!’ 4)2’ /,3’
A).3/,-.3 "!’ *’// )#",(-* 3’./,">& = .14A’2 )5 /"13,’/ /!)%’3 "!-" ()4#)/,",). )5 !141/ -.3 <= )#",(-* (!-2-(F
"’2,/",(/ 3’#’.3’3 ). ",**-+’ />/"’4/ -.3 (2)# #2-(",(’/[HI]& C,**-+’,") /)4’ 3’+2’’,,.5*1’.(’3 ()4#)/,",). )5 /),*
!141/& C!’ #2)#)2",). )5 <= ") 51*?,( -(,3 %-/ +2’-"’2 ,. #-33> 2,(’ "!-. "!-" )5 ,. %-/"’*-.3 )2 +2-//*-.3,A1" J1/"
"!’ 2’?’2/’ %-/ "!’ 2-"’ )5 *-A,*’ <=& @) ",**-+’ -.3 2,3+’ (1*"12’ %,"! %!’-" (1*",?-",). ’.!-.(’3 "!’ ’0(!-.+’ )5
/),* /125-(’ 4),/"12’,!’-" -.3 +-/,().(’."2-"’/ 4)2’ A,)4-// -.3 )2+-.,( 4-""’2& K.3’2 "!’/’ (,2(14/"-.(’/,"!’
+2’-"’2 4)*’(1*-2 %’,+!" !141/ %-/ (2’-"’3 ’-/,*>&
# # $%&’( "# )* !+,!, %-. !+ / !, 0-.(1 .233(1(-4 56-7(18%426- 42’’%9(
C2’-"4’."/ !L !M !L " !M
GC9" N& OBH3 N& NMB( :& HI
GCE N& MHMA N& HBN- :& HO
DC9 N& LOP( N& NQPA :& :M
DCE N& QN:- N& HBB- :& QI
; ; @)"’/:" 6’’ .)"’ A’.’-"! 9,+& B;C!’ 3-"- ,. "-A*’ %’2’ ’0#2’//’3 -/
8’-./;4’-./ 5)2 "!’ /-4’ 4’-/12’4’." 5)**)%’3 "!’ /-4’ *’""’2 -2’ .)"
/,+.,5,(-."*> 3,55’2’." (# R N& N:)A> G1.(-.S/ 41*",#*’ 2-.+’ "’/"
!L -.3 !L " !M 2-",)/ %’2’ !,+!’2 ,. DCE,%!’.
()4#-2’3 %,"! "!-" )5 ,. )"!’2 "2’-"4’."/& !L " !M ?-*1’/
’.!-.(’ -//)(,-"’3 %,"! "!’ ,.(2’-/’ )5 /),* 5’2",*,">&
T1","!’ 3,55’2’.(’/ %’2’ .)" #2).)1.(’3& @) ",**-+’ -.3
2,3+’ (1*"12’ %,"! %!’-" (1*",?-",). 2’31(’3 "!’ !14-.
3,/"12A-.(’ ") /),*,,.(2’-/’3 "!’ 2’"12. )5 A,)4-// ")
/),*,-.3 512"!’2 ’.!-.(’3 /),* .1"2,’."F#2)?,3,.+ -.3
.1"2,’."F!)*3,.+ (-#-(,",’/& C!1/,"!’ #)*>4’2,( )5 /),*
!14,( /1A/"-.(’/ 2-,/’3,"!’ -")4,( +2)1#/ )5 -2)4-",(
.1(*’1/ ,.(2’-/’3& C!’ -2)4-",(,"> -.3 ()4#*’0,"> )5
-2)4-",U’3 4)*’(1*’/ -.3 !14,5,(-",). -** %’." 1#,-.3 "!’ V1-*,"> )5 !14,( /1A/"-.(’/ A’(-4’ A’""’2& !L " !M 2-",)/
-2’ (*)/’*> 2’*-",). ") "!’ -2)4-",(,">& T1",C-. -.3 W,33’./[HP] 5)1.3 "!-" !L " !M ?-*1’/ -2’ "!’ 2’/1*"/ )5 "!’
()1#*,.+ )5 ()4#*’0 5-(")2/,.) ()22’*-",). ()1*3 A’ 5)1.3 A’"%’’. <= )#",(-* (!-2-("’2,/",(/ -.3 -2)4-",(,"> )5 <=&
8)2’)?’2,!’ -*/) 2’#)2"’3 "!-" <= )#",(-* (!-2-("’2,/",(/ ()1*3 3’"’24,.’ 2’*-",?’*> "!’ ()4#*’0,"> )5 !141/ -.3 "!’
()."’." )5 ()*)2 51.(",). +2)1#/&
9)12 "2’-"4’."/ !-3 "!’ 5)**)%,.+ (!-2-("’2,/",(/ )5 /),* <= -A/)2#",). #’-X/ (9,+& M):OO:N OL:N (4 YH
(!>32)+’. A).3,.+ 7<),BINN BPNN (4 YH(-*,#!-",( D < /"2’"(!,.+)-.3 BBNN BLNN (4 YH,HMP: HQNN
(4 YH((-2A)0>* -.3 X’").’ DZ7 /"2’"(!,.+),H::N HMON (4 YH(-2)4-",( DZD -.3 (-2A)0>* ().J1+-"’3 3)1A*’
A).3),HO:N HLNN (4 YH((-2A)0>* DYH & G’/#,"’ "!’ #’-X/
)5 <= 52)4 ’?’2> /),* /-4#*’/ #2’/’."’3 )A?,)1/ 3,55’2’.(’/,"!’ 2’+1*-2 ?-2,-",). 3,3 .)" )((12& [. ()."2-/" ") DCE
-.3 GCE,"!’ -3/)2#",). #’-X/ GC9 -.3 DC9 -" HNNN HN:N (4 YH %’2’ 41(! /"2).+’2& C!’ 2’-/). 5)2 "!’/’ %-/
"!-" "!’ 2’"12. )5 (2)# 2’/,31’/ ") /),* ,. GC9 -.3 DC9 %-/ "!’ *’// "!1/ "!’ -##*,(-",). )5 )2+-.,( 4-"’2,-*/
POLL; HH期 ; ; ; 邵景安; 等:保护性耕作对稻田土壤有机质的影响 ;
!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
/’(0’-1,.+,()2#-0’/ %,"! "!-" )3 ,. 456 -./ 756& 5!’ /’(0’-1’ )3 "!’ 0’"80. )3 (0)# 0’1,/8’1 ") 1),* 0’18*"’/ ,.
"!’ ,.(0’-1’ )3 9: ,.30-0’/ 1#’("0)+0-2 ;-*8’& 4)8 !" #$& [<=]3)8./ -##*,(-",). )3 )0+-.,( 2-"’0,-*1 *’/ ") "!’ /’(*,.’
)3 1),* 9: -/1)0#",). )#",(-* ;-*8’& >. -//,",).,"!’ 0’"80. )3 (0)# 0’1,/8’1 ") 1),* %-1 /,33’0’." ?’"%’’. 45@ -./
75@ )0 456 -./ 756,%!,*’ "!’,0 -/1)0#",). #’-A1 %-1 ;’0B 1,2,*-0&
@,+& CD 9: ,.30-0’/ 1#’("0)+0-2 8./’0 /,33’0’." ().1’0;-",). ",**-+’
" E’’ .)"’ ?’.’-"! @,+& <&
@,+& FD 9: 4:5 (80;’ 8./’0 /,33’0’." ().1’0;-",). ",**-+’
" E’’ .)"’ ?’.’-"! @,+& <
!& !" 9: #B0)*B1,1 (!-0-("’0,1",(1
E),* 9: 45: (80;’ 30)2 3)80 "0’-"2’."1 %’0’ 1,2,*-0 (@,+& F)& 5!’0’ %-1 - ().1’.181 ). "%) ?-1,( 3’-"80’1&
5!-" ,1,"!’ -/1)0#",). #’-A1 )((800’/ -" FG HF I,-./ "!’ ’J)"!’02,( #’-A1 !-##’.’/ -" GC= GCK I & E,2,*-0
45: (80;’ 1!)%’/ "!-" "!’0’ ’J,1"’/ ,. "!’ ()22)..’11 )3 (!’2,(-* ()2#)1,",).1 -./ 1"08("80-* 3’-"80’1 )3 1),* 9:
?’"%’’. "0’-"2’."1& 5!’ (!-0-("’0,1",(1 )3 "!’ !82,( ’J"0-("’/ 30)2 "!’ /,33’0’." 1),*1 %’0’ +’.’0-**B 1,2,*-0 ") "!)1’
)3 !82,( 2-"’0,-*1 )0,+,.-",.+ 30)2 1),*1 3)02’/ 8./’0 %,/’*B /,33’0’." +’)+0-#!,( -./ #’/)*)+,( ()./,",).1&
7)2#-0’/ %,"! @,+& F -./ 5-?*’ G,"!’0’ %-1 1)2’ ;-0,-",).1 ?’1,/’1 1)2’ ()22)..’11& 5!’0’ -0’ (,)"!’ ’."!-*#B
(-#-(,"B )3 -/1)0#",). -./ ’J)"!’02,( #’-A1;(,,)"!’ 0-.A1 )3 "!’ ’."!-*#B (-#-(,"B )3 ’./)"!’02,( #’-A1 %,"! 456
L 75@ L 756 L 45@;(,,,)"!’ 0-.A1 )3 "!’ ’."!-*#B (-#-(,"B )3 ’J)"!’02-* #’-A1 %,"! 45@ L 456 L 75@ L
756& 5!’ ’.’0+B 1"-"’ )3 1),* 9: ,1 ().1)*,/-",). /’+0’’ ,"1’*3& 5!’ ’.’0+B 1"-"’ )3 1),* 9: %-1 "!’ !,+!’0,"!’
#$%&’ !" #(’ ’)*($&+, -$+$-.*, /0 1#2 -345’ /0 62 (6)3)7’4 7.00’4’)* -/)8’45$*./) *.&&$9’
50’-"2’."1
M./)"!’02,( #’-A (FG N HF I)
O’-A "’2#’0-"80’ (I) 9(P + Q R)
MJ)"!’02-* #’-A (GC= N GCK I)
O’-A "’2#’0-"80’ (I) 9(P + Q R)
45@" H= RKS& SG( GC< R456 HF RHR& T<- GC= R<=& <=?
75@ FG RF<& C=? GCK RRH& 756 FC RF=& GH? GC= RRT& KF/
D D " E’’ .)"’ ?’.’-"! @,+& <;5!’ /-"- ,. "-?*’ %’0’ ’J#0’11’/ -1 U’-.1;2’-.1 3)0 "!’ 1-2’ 2’-180’2’." 3)**)%’/ "!’ 1-2’ *’""’0 -0’ .)" 1,+.,3,(-."*B
/,33’0’." (% V =& =K)?B 48.(-.W1 28*",#*’ 0-.+’ "’1"
=TTT D 生D 态D 学D 报D D D !""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
()./’.0-",). )1 23 4’(-5’ *)%’6,-./ 176"!’6 "!’ -*,#!-",( 0,/’ (!-,. %-0 "!’ 5)6’& 8"!’6%,0’,"!’ ’.’6+9 0"-"’ )1
0),* 23 %-0 "!’ *)%’6,-./ "!’ -*,#!-",( 0,/’ (!-,. %-0 6’*-",:’*9 "!’ *’00& ;) ",**-+’ -./ 6,/+’ (7*"76’ 6’07*"’/ ,.
"!’ /’(6’-0’ )1 "!’ ’."!-*#9 (-#-(,"9 )1 ’<)"!’65-* #’-= :-*7’& >!’ ()./’.0-",). )1 0),* 23 7./’6 .) ",**-+’,6,/+’
(7*"76’ %-0 !,+!’6,-./ "!’ -6)5-",?-",). )1 @8A %-0 ,5#6):,.+& B)6-/) !" #$& [CD]-*0) 1)7./ "!-" 0),* 5-.-+’5’."
0740"-.",-**9 -11’("0 "!’ -((757*-",). 5’(!-.,050 )1 "!’ 23 16-(",).&
!" #$%&’()*$%)
>!’ ()54,.-",:’ -##*,(-",). )1 .) ",**-+’ -./ 6,/+’ (7*"76’ -./ %!’-" (7*",:-",). %-0 - 0)7./ ().0’6:-",).
#6-(",(’ ,. #-//9 6,(’ (7*",:-",).& E" .)" ).*9 0,+.,1,(-."*9 ,.(6’-0’/ "!’ ().(’."6-",). )1 @8A ,. "!’ ")#0),*,47" -*0)
176"!’6 -11’("’/ 23 )#",(-* -./ #96)*90,0 (!-6-("’6,0",(0 "!6)7+! (!-.+,.+ "!’ ()5#)0,",). -./ 0"67("76’ )1 @8A&
>!)0’ 1,./,.+0 07++’0" "!-" ," 5-9 4’ #)00,4*’ ") 5-.,#7*-"’ #-//9 0),*0 "!6)7+! ().0’6:-",).-* ",**-+’ -./ (6)#
#6-(",(’0 -./ "!’6’49 5-,."-,. -/’F7-"’ @8A ().(’."6-",).0,5,",+-"’ 0),* )6+-.,( (-64). *)00 16)5 0),* ")
-"5)0#!’6’&
+,-,.,%&,):
[D ]G @")(=1,0(! ;,H)60"6’7"’6 >,I!*’60 J& K*)7+!,.+ ’11’("0 ). 0),* )6+-.,( 5-""’6 -1"’6 "%’."9 9’-60 )1 ().0’6:-",). ",**-+’ ,. L)%’6 @-<).9,M’65-.9&
@),* >,**& N’0&,DOOO,PC(DQC):OD DRD&
[C ]G J6,+!" 3 L,2).0 H A,A-")(!- S6 S I& >,**-+’ ,5#-("0 ). 5,(6)4,-* 4,)5-00 -./ 0),* (-64). -./ .,"6)+’. /9.-5,(0 )1 ()6. -./ ()""). 6)"-",).0&
3##*,’/ @),* I()*)+9,CRRP,CO(D):TP OC&
[U ]G 2’6.-.? S L,LV#’? L N,;-:-66’"’ L,!" #$& L).+Q"’65 ’11’("0 )1 ",**-+’ 090"’50 -./ 6)"-",).0 ). 0),* 0"67("76-* 0"-4,*,"9 -./ )6+-.,( (-64).
0"6-",1,(-",). ,. 0’5,-6,/ (’."6-* @#-,.& @),* >,**& N’0&,CRRC,WW(C):DCO DXD&
[X ]G @!-. Y 2,Y-.+ L Z,Y-. > A,!" #$& B)%.%-6/ 5):’5’." )1 #!)0#!)670 ,. #-//9 0),* ,.0"-**’/ ,. *-6+’Q0(-*’ 5).)*,"! *90,5’"’60& 3+6,(&
I()090"& I.:,6).&,CRRP,DDD(DQX):C[R C[T&
[P ]G B7,=’6 @ J,\’’+*’ B \& @),* 1’6",*,"9 /,0"6,47",).0 ,. *).+Q"’65 .)Q",**,(!,0’* $ /,0= -./ 5)*/4)-6/ #*)% $ /,0= 090"’50& @),* >,**& N’0&,CRRW,TT
(DQC):UR XD&
[W ]G B,(= J 3,\*’:,.0 N L,H69’ J J,!" #$& E5#-("0 )1 -+6,(7*"76-* 5-.-+’5’." #6-(",(’0 ). ] 0’F7’0"6-",). ,. 1)6’0"Q/’6,:’/ 0),*0 )1 "!’ ’-0"’6.
])6. \’*"& @),* >,**& N’0&,DOTT,X[(UQX):CUP CXX&
[[ ]G H7**’. A 3,\))"! ] 3,\6-./05- N >& L).+Q"’65 ’11’("0 )1 +6-00 *’9 0’"Q-0,/’ ). ’6)0,). 6-"’0 -./ 0),* )6+-.,( 5-""’6 ). 0-./9 0),*0 ,. ’-0"
@!6)#0!,6’,^ _& @),* >,**& N’0&,CRRW,TO(D):DCC DCT&
[T ]G K-. M ‘,L, L a,J7 L @,!" #$& @")6-+’ -./ 0’F7’0"6-",). #)"’.",-* )1 ")#0),* )6+-.,( (-64). ,. ]!,.-b0 #-//9 0),*0& M*)4-* ]!-.+’ \,)*)+9,
CRRU,DR:[O OC&
[O ]G >).+ ] L,2-** ] 3 @,J-.+ 2 a& L-./ 70’ (!-.+’ ,. 6,(’,%!’-" -./ 5-,?’ #6)/7(",). ,. ]!,.- (DOWD DOOT)& 3+6,(& I()090"& I.:,6).&,
CRRU,OP(CQU):PCU PUW&
[DR]G H)0"’6 2 L& N-#,/ 6)7",.’ 0),* -./ #*-." -.-*90,0 %,"!)7" -7")5-",( ’F7,#5’."& E& N)7",.’ 0),* -.-*90,0 I-0" 316,(-& 3+6,(7*"76’ -./ H)6’0" S)76.-*,
DO[D,U[:DWR D[R&
[DD]G I70"’6!7’0 _,N75#’* ],_c+’*Q_.-4.’6G !& @"-4,*,?-",). )1 0),* )6+-.,( 5-""’6 ,0)*-"’/ :,- )<,/-",:’ /’+6-/-",).& 86+-.,( M’)(!’5,0"69,CRRP,
UW(DD):DPW[ DP[P&
[DC]G H6-.(,)0) 8,A)."’((!,) B,M,)-((!,., K,!" #$& >!’65-* -.-*90,0 (>M B>3)-./ ,0)")#,( (!-6-("’6,?-",). (DU ] ]DP;))1 !75,( -(,/0 16)5
/,11’6’." )6,+,.0& 3##*,’/ M’)(!’5,0"69,CRRP,CR(U):PU[ PXX&
[DU]G ;-0(,5’.") d A,3*5’./6)0 M,H’6.-./’0 H A& @),* !7570 (!-6-("’6,0",(0 ,. :,6+,. -./ (*’-6’/ -6’-0 )1 "!’ #-6-. 6,:’6 4-0,. ,. \6-?,*&
M’)/’65-,DOOC,PX(DQX):DU[ DPR&
[DX]G >-. _ 2& ])5#*’< 1)65-",). 4’"%’’. !75,( -(,/ -./ (*-90 -0 6’:’-*’/ 49 +’* 1,*"6-",). -./ ,.16-6’/ 0#’("6)0()#9& @),* \,)*)+9 -./ \,)(!’5,0"69,
DO[W,T(U):CUP CUO&
[DP]G J’, ] H,]!’ H ],M-) A,!" #$& @),* -++6’+-"’ -./ 0),* 5),0"76’Q"!’65-* 6’+,5’ ,. #-//9 1,’*/ 7./’6 .)Q",**-+’ -./ 6,/+’ (7*"76’& 3("-
DXXXG DD期 G G G 邵景安G 等:保护性耕作对稻田土壤有机质的影响 G
!""#:$ $ %%%& ’()*)+,(-& (.
/’0)*)+,(- 1,.,(-,2334,56(5),267 268&
[29]: ;*<=-,>, ? ?,@,. A B,C,(!" ? ;& 1),* (-DE). -.0 .,"D)+’. (!-.+’> -> ,.F*G’.(’0 EH ",**-+’ -.0 (D)##,.+ >H>"’I> ,. >)I’ J)%- >),*>& ;+D,(&
K()>H>"& K.L,D).&,544M,24M(N):97M 9N6&
[26]: O’GF’*0" B,P’>(Q R S 1,;H-DT- ? ;& U’V"GD’ -.0 *-.0’ ’FF’("> ). >),* )D+-.,( I-""’D ,. W’DD-0) XV,>)*>,W’."D-* YD-T,*& Z’)0’DI-,5445,
246(7[28]: 1*’#’",’.’ ;,1*’#’"H> [& 1"-"G> )F !GIG> ,. >),* G.0’D L-D,)G> *).+<"’DI ",**-+’ >H>"’I>& Z’)0’DI-,544M,256(7[23]: U-. = B,Z,00’.> [ K& ?)*’(G*-D %’,+!"> -.0 >#’("D-* (!-D-("’D,>",(> )F !GI,( -.0 FG*L,( -(,0>& Z’)0’DI-,2365,8(N):552 553&
[54]: R)G 1,W!’. K \,AG A W,!" #$& KFF’(" )F -##*,(-",). )F )D+-.,( I-.GD’> ). "!’ >"DG("GD-* (!-D-("’D,>",(> )F !GI,( -(,0> ,. >),*>:"!’ )#",(-*
#D)#’D",’> )F B;>& ;("- /’0)*)+,(- 1,.,(-,233M,75(2):N2 N3&
[52]: R)D-0) [,Z).T *’T(D,#")D> D’>#).>,L’ ") (!-.+’> ,. !GI,( -(,0 (!-D-("’D,>",(> -F"’D *).+<"’DI
>G>"-,.-E*’ I-.-+’I’." )F 0DH*-.0 F-DI,.+ >H>"’I> ,. W’."D-* 1#-,.& [)GD.-* )F ;.-*H",(-* -.0 ;##*,’0 /HD)*H>,>,5447,98 93:533 72N&
参考文献:
[2M]: 魏朝富,车福才,高明,等& 垄作免耕下稻田土壤团聚体和水热状况变化的研究& 土壤学报,*334,56(5):265 ^ 268&
[54]: 窦森,陈恩凤,须湘成,等& 施用有机物料对土壤胡敏酸结构特征的影响<胡敏酸的光学性质& 土壤学报,233M,75(2):N2 ^ N3&
5NNN : 生: 态: 学: 报: : : 56 卷: