作 者 ：焦加国,杨林章,武俊喜,李辉信,Erle C. Ellis
期 刊 ：生态学报 2007年 27卷 5期 页码：1969~1977
关键词：中国；村级景观；土地利用；土地覆盖；生态立地；土壤有机碳；
Keywords:China, village landscapes, land use, land cover, ecotope, soil organic carbon,
摘 要 ：基于IKONOS高分辨率(1m)卫星遥感图，根据Ellis提出的村级景观分类体系，研究我国5个不同宏观生态区域(高邑、宜兴、金堂、益阳和电白)的村级景观细微尺度上土地利用、土地覆盖、生态立地各层次上土壤表层(0~30cm)有机碳的密度和储量，结果表明：高邑、宜兴、金堂、益阳和电白5个地区的土壤有机碳密度分别为：2.62、3.47、2.24、2.86kg/m2和2.70kg/m2，平均土壤有机碳密度为2.78kg/m2。土地利用景观中，高邑地区的水浇地和其它地区的水田和林地的土壤有机碳密度较高，高邑、宜兴、金堂、益阳和电白5个地区土壤有机碳储量最高的土地利用景观分别为水浇地、水田、旱地、水田和林地、林地；土地覆盖景观中，1年生和多年生植被覆盖景观的土壤有机碳密度最高。在由高邑至宜兴，最后至电白的纬度逐渐降低过程中，1年生植被覆盖景观的土壤有机碳储量逐渐减少，而多年生土地覆盖景观呈相反趋势。
Abstract:China′s densely populated village landscapes play a significant role in global environmental processes because of their vast area and population. Here we investigate the influence of land use on soil carbon stocks (top 0-30 cm) within and across these densely populated landscapes based on measurements at five research sites in environmentally distinct regions across China: the North China Plain (Gaoyi County, Hebei Province), Yangtze Plain (Yixing County, Jiangsu Province), Sichuan Hilly Region (Jintang County, Sichuan Province), Subtropical Hilly Region (Yiyang County, Hunan Province), and Tropical Hilly Region (Dianbai County, Guangdong Province). Village landscapes were first stratified into ecologically-distinct components (ecotopes) by high spatial resolution mapping (1 m) in a set of 12 regionally-representative 500 500 m landscape quadrats (sample cells) in each site (total = 60) using IKONOS satellite imagery and fieldwork. Samples of ecotope features were then selected for soil sampling and analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC) by a stratified sampling design based on the areas of each landscape class. Results demonstrate that SOC density in Gaoyi, Yixing, Jintang, Yiyang, and Dianbai, was 2.62, 3.47, 2.24, 2.86 kg/m2, and 2.70 kg/m2, respectively. Soils under paddy and forestry land use had the highest SOC density in all sites except Gaoyi, where irrigated use had the highest SOC. The lowest SOC′s were associated with constructed, fallow and other land use classes with thin vegetation cover. The land use class with the highest stock of SOC was irrigated in Gaoyi, paddy in Yixing, rainfed agriculture in Jintang, paddy and forestry in Yiyang, and forestry in Dianbai. In terms of land cover, the annual and perennial cover classes had the highest SOC density across sites (2.94, 3.13 kg/m2, respectively) and also had the highest SOC stocks in every site. SOC stocks increased with latitude under annual cover, but the contrary trend was observed for perennial cover. Ecotope-level analysis showed that SOC distribution was more complex within and across sites, and SOC density distribution was affected by many factors, including climate, land use, land cover, and specific human activities.