全 文 ：第1 8卷第5期
1 9 9 8年 9月
学 Vo1．18，N0．5
Sep， 1998
长白山温带针阔混交林结构与动
厶 ，一 I
中J 摹统生志开放研究塞 北京
态的
代力民
研究
1}s
100085) (中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 沈阳 110015)
擅， 通过 lOa的定位观洲，研究丁长白山地区针随混变林结构的动志变化．树种及其分布基率保持不变。
林分密度从 404株／hm 降至 387株／hra ，而基础面积从 44．83 hm 降至 43．79hm ．除色木槭之外，冠层林
术的株散降低。优势树种的更新状况不佳。死亡与更新的关系表现在群落中植物组成的变化上。当红松开始
衰退时，落叶树种的优势瞬显上升．几种闻叶树的胸径分配与十体的大小相关。不同的胸径等级上的最大增
长事与树木本身太小星负相关．增加的脯径及其向下一十等级发展的趋势，暗示丁冠层压迫对高生长的影
响．在成熟林的斑块内，树种不断地发生变化，而且斑块内具有一定的循环周期t林冠空隙一树木生长·树木
成熟一林冠空隙。上层#冠的树种中鲦色木槭外，都趋向于减少种群数量．并且两种不同的更新方式和分布
范圈揭示丁树种更新的闻断性。在群落的衰退阶段 ．树种的交瞢受优势树种变化的影响．
美一谔， ：坚兰竺皇，世查 ，童上塑盟奎挂-：鉴皇 ·
STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS oF A TEMPERATE DECIDU一
0US—CoNIFER MIXED FoREST IN CHANGBAI MoUNTAIN
W uGang
(n 坤岫 托l D，Sym,ms Ecology-Research Cemer E~o—Env~ronmemta Sciences-the C 聊
Acad~ Sd_Ⅲ -B~jing-100085．China)
Dai L imln
(Institute ofAppliedEcology．theChineseA~adercv of Sciences．Sh~yang 110015，China)
Abstract The changes in structure of a deciduous—conifer mixed forest ifl Changbai M011-
tain，northeast China，were investigated in a permanent plot with a 10一year interva1．Species
and size distribution remanined almost no changes．Stand density was reduced from 404 to
387 stem／hm ，and basal area from 44．83 to 43．79 hm ．All species in high canopy—layer
ex~cept Acer；~OnO decreased in number of stems．The regeneration of the dominant species
was p~ rly represented．The death—recruitment relationship showed that the community
was changing in composition．The dominance of deciduous components tended increasing
while Pinus koraiensis was declining．The stand is considered a patch in its matured phase，
and species change was in proceeding．
、
●
Kty words： species composition，DB distribution，regenration，deciduous—conifer mixed
This work was supported hy National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(39500116 and 39670145)and Long-
Term Research Station for Forest Ecosystem ln Changbal Mountain CAS．
Received march 16，1998．
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5期 晏 刚等：长白山温带针阔混交林结构与动态的研究 471
forest，Changbai Mountain
1 lntroductIon
Successional trend or species alternation in natural forest is the focus of forest dynamics．The stability
of a forest ecosystem csn be represented by the dynamics of its main tree species．Therefore，the survey of
tree population dynamics is regarded as the important basis for researching the succession trend of forest
communities．A common idea is that the dominant species in a climax community are generally shade toler-
ant．which caⅡrege~erBte under canopy[ ．However，climax species often requ~e proper light released from
canopy，otherwise the survival possibilities of seedlings or saplings will be significantly reduced，and the a—
bility to tolerate shade may decline as an individual grows ．Pinus koraiensis is such a species whose
seedlings can not survive under its own caⅡ0py[3，and its regeneration is dJscontinuouns_‘]l This is regarded
as the result of the undulation in light regime which is due to the turn over between canopy and gap．Most
of the studies made on regeneration are limited in one species，the pine，while detailed information on the
dynamics of all dominant or co-dominant tree species in the community is sparse．A long—term(with certain
temporal intervals)survey of a community is the most reliable way to elucidate the mechanism of structural
movements in ecosystem．This kinde of research is often di(ficult to achieve，because the{orest vegetation
which can remain intact during the long—term measurement，particularly in the ma naged forest which is of
general c&~es，is vary rare．Natural conservation areas provide ideal sites for such approaches．This paper is
im ended as an inve1~igatlon of the stand sU~ucture and h3 changes with llme based on a permanent plot．
2 Stualy area and methods
The study plot was located in the northern slope of Chang he i Mountain at an elevation of 830 m asl，
Northeast China．The plot size was 1OOm × 100m．All trees of n日 > B-Ocm were recorded and trees were
numbered with tags．Crown map was drawn in the first survey．The reinvestlgation was carried OUt in
199Z，and DBH 3～8 cm was added in the data set。but crown map was not red rawn．Growth rate wRs rep-
resented by the ratio of actual increment．of ladividuals marked in 1982 and survived in 1992，versus the
size in 1982．Recruitment rate was expressed by the relative number of newly entered trees to the original
density．For understanding the feature of the community，under growth was sampled in the last investiga—
tion．Shrub layer was investigated by randomly sampling about 200 individuals for determining the compo—
sition．and herb layer was recorded with density，height．and coverage，with 6 quadrats of lm× lm．W ith a
cha racter species，Forest type was named by the most domi nant two tree species(by basal area)plus a
character species．
3 Restdts
3．1 Species composition and chang es
The community was named Pinus koraiensis，Acer m 口+Betula costata forest．The most prominent dif-
ference between this and other forest types is the high abundance of Betula costata which is therefore con-
sidered as a character spe cies．Composition of the tree layer i吕shown m Table 1．The hirest can be divided
into at least 4 Layers verticaly ①high tree l~yer(ZO~3Om)，dominated by Pinus koraiensis，TiliaⅡm r 一
sis andAcertlono．Pinushadthelargest proportion of basal area，nearly 6O ，andTilia was13 ～14 ．
Bemta costata，Ulmus japonica and Fraxinus raandshurica were scattered in this layer．② subcanopy layer
(5～20m)·consisted of Acertriftorum．A．pseudo-sieboldianum，A．mandshuHcum and Syringa 4栅 如．
Acer triflorurn presented the largest deflshy．③ shrub layer(<5m)，consisted of 16 species(Table 2)，and
the coverage of this layer was estimated more tha n 30 ．The main spe cies were Acamhopanax senticosus，
Philadelphus schrenkii，Corylus mandshuHca and Dvutzta amurensis．Ribes diacntha．which was generaly
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