全 文 ：第1 8卷第5期
1 9 9 8年 9月
生 态 学 报
ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA
V01．18．No．5
Sep．． 1998
农田杂草生态位研究的意义及方法探讨
fIf[^ 韭
(浙江师范大学生物系 金华 321004)
李扬汉 ／／
(南京农业大事裹 泵— 210095)
擒鼻 农田除草剂长期单—使用引起杂草种群的演变，增加了化学除草难度。珂测除草剂作用下农田杂草群
落的演变是当前迫切要求解决的问题 研究农田杂草生态位，揭示杂草种间生态相似关系，结音杂草对除草
剂敏感性赘料，能够孤测这种演变 车文以浙中油菜田为侧 ，对该地区油菜田24种主要杂草的发生进行了七
袅 目撼．计测了它们的生态位宽度和生态位重叠值-以生态位重叠值为指标，用极点排序和田论聚类分析中
的最小生成树法，作出了反映杂草生态学相似关系的排序田和最小生成树。结果表明．着麦娘 ( 口柳 Ⅲ
4哪‘4m ) 牛繁缕(Malaehlmn aquatlem ) 雀舌草(Ste~arla alsine) 一年蓬 (Erlgeron annuu$) 春蓼(Poly-
研l‘槲 ~rsicarla) 野燕麦(Av~a，矗 ) 猪殃殃(Gallmn aparine var．tenermn)等杂草的实际生态位较竟，
它们是车地区油菜田的主要杂草{猪殃殃、波斯婆婆纳 野燕麦等杂草间．看壹娘与牛繁缕、雀舌草、承苦荬
(Vcronlca undulata)、棒头草(Polypogon fugax)等杂草间的生态位重叠值较大。
关t调t 洫摹皿，生态位．杂草，最小生成树，捧序．
SIGNIFICANCE AND M ETH0D 0F STUDIES 0N
W EED NICHE IN CR0P FIELDS
Guo Shuiliang
(Department Biology，Zhejiang Nm-mal University，Jinhua，321004，Ch／na)
Li Yanghan
(Department ofAsrono~ ，NanjLng Agrlcul~ural University，Nanfing，210095，China)
Abstract Long—term application of a certain herbicide let a variation of weed populations
ia crop fields．It increases the difficulty controlling weeds effectively．Therefore，it is a hot
l~roblem for US to solve．Studies on the niche of weeds in crop fields can reveal the ecologi—
cd demand similarity of different weeds．It can be applied to predict the change trend of
crop—weed community on the basis of the references about the sensitivity of various weeds
to the herbicide applied．In this paper，the rape fields of Middle Zhejiang were exemplified．
1n the rape fields in this area．27 sites under different ecological conditions were surveyed
in detail with seven scales by visualization of weed dominance to rape to obtain the impor—
tant value of 24 main weeds．The species niche breadth and niche overlap were then calcu—
lated on the basis of the data above．The minima 1 spanning tree and a two_dimnsional scat—
ter polt of polar ordination revealing weed ecological similiarity were drawed based on the
niche overlap．The results show that Alopecurus aequalis、Malachium aquaticum、Stellaria
收稿日期I1996—08一l5，修改稿收到日期；1997—07-10。
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