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作 者 ：余凯凯， 宋喜娥， 高虹， 黄蕾， 宋惠洁， 刘阳， 李艳星， 郭平毅， 原向阳

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 1期 页码：154-163

关键词：马铃薯；施肥水平；多效唑；光合色素；光合作用；叶绿素荧光参数；

Keywords:potato, fertilization level, paclobutrazol, photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter,

摘 要 ：为探明适宜马铃薯生长的最佳施肥量和多效唑处理,在大田条件下,以晋薯16号为试材,SV有机无机复合肥设0、300、600、900、1 200、1 500kg·hm^-26个水平,多效唑设清水对照,现蕾期喷施1次,现蕾期和初花期各喷施1次,现蕾期、初花期和盛花期各喷施1次4个处理,二因素随机区组设计,探究肥料与多效唑互作对马铃薯叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同施肥水平和不同生育时期喷施不同次数多效唑以及二者互作均提高了马铃薯叶片的叶绿素总量(Chla+b)、类胡萝卜素(Car),净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、暗适应下最大荧光(Fm)、暗适应下PSII的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光适应下PSII实际光化学效率(Y(II))、PSII相对电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、光能利用率(LUE)及块茎干物质含量和产量;降低了胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)和暗适应下最小荧光(Fo)。由此可知,增施有机无机复合肥和叶面喷施多效唑能显著改善马铃薯叶片的光合性能。综合各项指标的方差分析表明,二者的最佳组合为施肥水平1 200 kg·hm^-2、在现蕾期和初花期各喷施1次多效唑,该处理下有较高的光合荧光参数,可获得较高的光能利用率,促使马铃薯将捕获的光能更有效地用于光合作用,最终提高马铃薯产量。本研究为指导大田马铃薯生产提供了重要的理论依据。

Abstract:In order to explore the regulating effects of different fertilization levels and paclobutrazol treatments under different conditions on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and elucidate the feasible combination of fertilization and paclobutrazol for better growth of potatoes.Two-factor randomized block design was applied to study the effects on leaf photo synthetic pigment,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter in potato (jinshu 16) with SV organic inorganic compound fertilizer (0, 300, 600, 900, 1 200, 1 500kg·hm^-2) and paclobutrazol (squaring stage, squaring stage and bloom stage, squaring stage,bloom stage and flowering stage).The results showed that compared with the control, total chlorophyll (Chla+b), carotenoids(Car),the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),the maximum fluorescence(Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),the PSII potential activity(Fv/Fo),the actual photochemical efficiency (Y(II)),electron transport rate(ETR),photochemical quenching coefficient (qP),the light use efficiency (LUE),dry matter content and yield were all increased under effects of different fertilization levels, different times and periods of paclobutrazol and their interactions,but intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) and minimal fluorescence (Fo) were decreased. Thus, increasing input of organic inorganic compound fertilizer and spraying paclobutrazol could significantly improve potato leaf photosynthetic characteristics. The best combination were fertilizer level (1 200 kg·hm^-2) and spraying paclobutrazol (squaring stage and bloom stage),which was based on various indicators and variance analysis. This treatment could obtain a higher photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, obtained a higher utility rate of luminous energy,promoted the luminous energy that potato captured to use for photosynthesis,and the yield could be increased ultimately.This study could provides an important theoretical basis for potato production in the field.

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