Abstract:To explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms of drought resistance in Dongxiang wild rice, transcription profiling of Dongxiang wild rice, Xieqingzao B and introgression line M749 were conducted to analyze the expression profile of drought resistance genes using cDNA-AFLP approach. Totally, 27 differentially expressed transcript derived fragments (TDFs) obtained with 6 primer pairs. After sequencing and analyzing, we found the TDFs could encode various proteins, including transposon and retrotransposon protein, D-mannose binding lectin family protein, kinesin motor domain containing protein, plant PDR ABC transporter associated domain containing protein, wall-associated receptor kinase-like 3 precursor, lactate/malate dehydrogenase, oxidoreductase, terpene synthase, glycine-rich protein and SOUL heme-binding protein. Some of these proteins were tightly related to drought resistance of plant. Five differential TDFs were chosen for further qRT-PCR analysis, and the results confirmed the cDNA-AFLP profiles. This study was helpful in shedding more light on molecular mechanisms of drought resistance and also useful in identifying related genes from Dongxiang wild rice.