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作 者 ：常朝阳;黎斌;石福臣;

期 刊 ：植物研究 2009年 29卷 1期 页码：18-24

关键词：锦鸡儿属；染色体数目；核型；

Keywords:Caragana, chromosome number, karyotype,

摘 要 ：报道了国产10种锦鸡儿的染色体数目，并对其中9种的核型进行了研究。这9个种的核型公式分别为：荒漠锦鸡儿（Caragana roborovskyi），2n＝16＝10m(2SAT)+6sm；川西锦鸡儿（C. erinacea），2n=16=10m+6sm；密叶锦鸡儿（C. densa），2n=16=10m（2SAT）+6sm；刺叶锦鸡儿（C. acanthophylla），2n=16=12m+4sm；柄荚锦鸡儿（C. stipitata），2n=16=10m+6sm；甘蒙锦鸡儿（C. opulens），2n=16=12m(2SAT)+4sm；白皮锦鸡儿（C. leucophloea），2n=32=22m(4SAT)＋10sm；北疆锦鸡儿（C. camilli-schneideri），2n=32=20m(4SAT)+12sm；中亚锦鸡儿（C. tragacanthoides），2n=32=20m(2SAT)+10sm+2st+2B。白毛锦鸡儿（C.licentiana）2个居群的染色体数目均为2n=32，为四倍体。研究结果表明，锦鸡儿属的核型一般比较对称，核型上的特化往往与其形态上的特化相关联，但也有例外。从倍性水平上来看，二倍体类群多是一些羽状叶的种，在分布上倾向于亚洲东部其祖先分布区，而四倍体的种类多是一些假掌状叶的类群，分布于西部干旱生境中，在形态上也表现的较为特化。这也符合锦鸡儿属的演化趋势。

Abstract:The chromosome number of 10 species and karyotypes of 9 species of them in the genus Caragana from China were analyzed in this paper, and the results are as follows: C. roborovskyi, 2n＝16＝10m(2SAT)+6sm; C. erinacea, 2n=16=10m+6sm; C. densa, 2n=16=10m（2SAT）+6sm; C. acanthophylla, 2n=16=12m+4sm; C. stipitata, 2n=16=10m+6sm; C. opulens, 2n=16=12m(2SAT)+4sm; C. leucophloea, 2n=32=22m(4SAT)+10sm; C. camilli-schneideri, 2n=32=20m(4SAT)+12sm, C. tragacanthoides, 2n=32=20m(2SAT)+10sm+2st+2B. For two populations of C. licentiana, only chromosome numbers are reported here, both with 2n=4x=32, being tetraploid. From the results we inclined to suppose that the karyotype of chromosomes in Caragana is not so much differentiated, and if differentiated it always follows by some morphological characters. The diploid and tetraploid are the main ploidy level of this genus, with 2n=16 (diploid) or 2n=32(tetraploid). Triploid was found only in C. sinica, and hexaploid was seen only in C. ussuriensis. Those species with diploid chromosomes mostly are pinnate-leaved, and are mainly distributed in Estern Asia where probably is the genus’ ancestral areal, but those species with tetraploid chromosomes are majorly with digitate leaflets, and incline to adapt to desert areas in Northwestern China.

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