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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2008年

关键词：草莓；枯萎病；尖孢镰刀菌；生物学特性；毒力；

Keywords:strawberry, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. fragariae, biological characteristics,

摘 要 ：采用十字交叉法和血球计数板法测定草莓枯萎病菌的生物学特性。结果表明,PSA培养基最适合草莓枯萎病菌的生长和产孢,菌落生长的适温为5~40℃(最适温度为28℃),适宜pH值为5,菌落产孢的适宜pH值为6,且光暗交替可促进菌落的生长和产孢,同时明确了不同碳氮源对草莓菌落生长及产孢的影响。采用菌落生长速率法,测定草莓枯萎病菌对7种杀菌剂的敏感性,烯唑醇和戊唑醇对菌落生长的抑制毒力最强,EC₅₀分别为0.2072μg·mL^-1和0.2130μg·mL^-1,分别是多菌灵的238.85倍和232.35倍;腈菌唑和苯醚甲环唑的毒力次之,EC₅₀分别为0.7929μg·mL^-1和0.8513μg·mL^-1,分别是多菌灵的62.42倍和58.13倍;三唑酮和霜霉威的毒力最小。

Abstract:By using the crossing method and haemocytometer method, the biological characteristics of strawberry Fusarium wilt was determined. For the growth and spore production of F.oxysporum f.sp.fragariae, the optimum medium was PSA, the optimum temperature was 5-40℃(the most favorite temperature was 28℃)and the optimum pH was 5. For the spore production of mycelium, the optimum pH was 6.12h alternation of illumination and darkness promoted the growth and spore production of mycelium. For choosing effective fungicides to control strawberry Fusarium wilt, toxicity of seven fungicides was tested with mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the effective concentrations for the seven fungicides were obviously different, and the inhibitory activities of diniconazole and tebuconazole were the highest with EC₅₀ of 0.2072, 0.2130μg·mL^-1,and 238.85, 232.35 times EC₅₀ of carbendazim, respectively. The inhibitory activities of myclobutanil and difenoconazole were the second highest with EC₅₀ of 0.7929 and 0.8513μg·mL^-1, and 62.42, 58.13 times EC₅₀ of carbendazim respectively, and the inhibitory activities of triadimefon and propamocarb was the lowest.

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