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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2010年

关键词：番茄；沼肥；节肢动物群落；产量；

Keywords:tomato, biogas manure, arthropod community, yield,

摘 要 ：在等氮、等磷、等钾的条件下,对番茄田分别施用化肥、沼肥加化肥、沼肥加饼肥,研究不同施肥类型对番茄田节肢动物群落结构及番茄产量的影响。结果显示,施用化肥害虫种类为2.17±0.29种/m²,害虫个体数量为48.92±2.25头/m²,目标害虫桃蚜Myzus persicae (Sulzer)个体数量为40.83±1.08头/m²,均显著高于施用沼肥加化肥和沼肥加饼肥。施用沼肥加饼肥节肢动物群落多样性指数为2.4115±0.0324,均匀度指数为0.9472±0.0205,均显著高于施用化肥和沼肥加化肥,且施用沼肥加化肥显著高于施用化肥;优势度指数为0.3987±0.0224,显著低于施用化肥。施用沼肥加饼肥节肢动物群落稳定性Ss/Si指数为0.0686±0.0007,显著高于施用化肥;Sn/Sp指数为1.4153±0.0281,显著高于施用化肥和沼肥加化肥。施用沼肥加化肥、沼肥加饼肥的番茄产量与对照施用化肥相比无显著差异。表明番茄田施用沼肥减少了化肥施用量,促进了节肢动物群落的稳定性,对番茄产量无显著影响。

Abstract:The effects of three types of fertilizer application, chemical fertilizer, biogas manure with chemical fertilizer, and biogas manure with cake manure, on the tomato yield and the structure of arthropod community in tomato fields were studied at the condition of equivalent N, P (P₂O₅), K (K₂O). The results showed that the number of insect pest species with 2.17±0.29 species/m², individual densities of insect pest with 48.92±2.25 individual/m², or individual density of target pest Myzus persicae with 40.83±1.08 individual/m² in fields applying chemical fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that in fields applying biogas manure with chemical fertilizer and biogas manure with cake manure. The diversity index and evenness index of arthropod community in fields applying biogas manure with cake manure were 2.4115±0.0324 and 0.9472±0.0205 respectively, which were significantly higher than that in fields applying chemical fertilizer and biogas manure with chemical fertilizer. The diversity index and evenness index of arthropod community in fields applying biogas manure with chemical fertilizer were significantly higher than that in fields applying chemical fertilizer. Dominance of arthropod community in fields applying biogas manure with cake manure was 0.3987±0.0224, which was significantly lower than that in fields applying chemical fertilizer. Ss/Si index with 0.0686±0.0007 in fields applying biogas manure with cake manure treatment was significantly higher than that in fields applying chemical fertilizer. Sn/Sp index with 1.4153±0.0281 in fields applying biogas manure with cake manure was significantly higher than that in fields applying chemical fertilizer and biogas manure with chemical fertilizer. No significant differences were found in the tomato yield among three types of fertilizer application treatments. Applying biogas manure in the tomato field decreased the chemical fertilizer use, promoted the stability of arthropod community, and did not influence significantly the yield of tomato.

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