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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2007年

关键词：季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂；番茄灰霉病菌；生物活性；孢子萌发；

Keywords:quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants, Botrytis cinerea, antifungal activity, spore ger-,

摘 要 ：为探讨季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂在番茄灰霉病防治中的应用潜力,室内采用菌丝生长速率法测定了五种阳离子表面活性剂对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的毒力作用,筛选出具有较高抑菌活性的1227(十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵)和C8-10(双八、十烷基季铵盐),并研究了其对该菌菌丝干重、分生孢子萌发、产孢量、菌核形成及细胞膜透性的影响。 结果表明,五种阳离子表面活性剂中1227和C8-10对病原菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,EC₅₀值分别为8.39和5.82μg/mL,其毒力高于常规对照药剂腐霉利水悬浮剂,与嘧霉胺水悬浮剂、乙霉威水悬浮剂相当。两者对菌丝干重、孢子萌发均有较强的抑制作用,20μg/mL时抑制率接近或达到100％;对菌核数、菌核形态及分布有一定影响;40μg/mL C8-10对该菌产孢量的抑制率可达90％以上;1227和C8-10的浓度大于20μg/mL时均能明显影响病原菌细胞膜的通透性。

Abstract:In order to study application potential for quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants on the control of tomato gray mould, the toxicity action of five cationic surfactants to B.cinerea was tested by the mycelium growth rate method in vitro. The effects of 1227 (dodecyr dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) and C8-10 (double-stranded quaternary ammonium salt) on mycelium dry weight, spore germination, condial production, sclerotium formation and permeability of cell membrane were also studied. The results indicated that 1227 and C8-10 had obvious inhibition on mycelial growth of B.cinerea, and EC₅₀ value were 8.39μg/mL and 5.82μg/mL respectively, which were higher than that of procymidone SC and equal to that of pyrimethanil SC and diethofencarb SC. The strong inhibition of 1227 and C8-10 on dry weight of mycelium and spore germination of B.cinerea were observed, and the inhibition rates could reach 100% at the concentration of 20μg/mL. The sclerotium formation, sclerotium form and distribution were influenced in different extent. C8-10 presented 90% inhibition rate on sporulation at the concentration of 40μg/mL. 1227 and C8-10 surfactants could obviously increase the permeability of cell membrane over the concentration of 20μg/mL.

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