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作 者 ：曹兵 倪小会 肖强 徐凯 杨俊刚 衣文平 李丽霞

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 2期 页码：389-395

关键词：番茄；包膜尿素；经济效益；产量；品质；

Keywords:tomato, coated urea, economic returns, yield, quality,

摘 要 ：采用田间小区和试验示范研究了包膜尿素对番茄产量、 品质和施肥经济效益的影响，包膜尿素20%的氮混入育苗基质，剩余80%在移栽时条施（总施氮量为常规施氮量的50%）。结果表明，包膜尿素接触施肥的番茄壮苗指数比常规育苗提高了47.9%；与普通尿素底施加3次追肥相比，施用包膜尿素的番茄产量较等氮量普通尿素（N 180 kg/hm²）和常规施氮量（N 360 kg/hm²）处理分别增加了5.1%和9.7%，氮肥利用率提高了9.0~10.2个百分点；相比普通尿素，包膜尿素改善了番茄品质，其中可溶性糖含量提高6.5%9.~4%，Vc含量提高10%~11.3%。与常规施氮相比，包膜尿素在氮肥投入略低的情况下（减少44 Yuan/hm²），番茄单位面积产值和净收益（扣除肥料投入）比常规施氮量增加了33.8%。施用包膜尿素的表层（0—20 cm）土壤硝态氮含量相对普通尿素起到了削峰填谷作用，降低了硝态氮的淋失风险。

Abstract: Field and demonstration experiments were combined to study effects of coated urea on yield, quality and economic returns of tomato. 20% of coated urea was mixed with seedling substrate and the other 80% was banded preplant application (the N application rate of coated urea was 50% of conventional N rate). The results showed that the seedling strength index of coated urea with contact application was 47.9% higher than that of the conventional seedling. Compared to the urea with basal application and 3 topdressings, the tomato yield with coated urea increased by 9.7% and 5.1%, respectively, and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 9.0-10.2 percentage point. Tomato quality with coated urea was improved compared to the urea, in which the soluble sugar content increased by 6.5%-9.4% and Vitamin C content increased by 10%-11.3%. Economic returns of tomato with the coated urea increased by 33.8% compared to the conventional N application, though N input of the former was reduced by RMB 44 yuan per hectare. Nitrate dynamics of surface soil layer (0-20 cm) with the coated urea cut a peak to fill valley in comparison to regular urea, consequently the risk of nitrate leaching was dramatically reduced.

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