Effects of soil-moisture monitoring supplemental irrigation on water consumption characteristics and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in different wheat cultivars
摘 要 ：在田间条件下，以多穗型品种济麦22(J22)和大穗型品种潍麦8号(WM8)为供试材料，设置3个水分处理： W0(全生育期不灌水)；W1 (拔节期70%，开花期70%)；W2 (拔节后8 d 70%，开花后8 d 70 %)。采用测墒补灌的方法，研究了不同生育时期补灌对两个小麦品种耗水特性和氮素分配与转运的影响，结果表明： 1) 两品种灌水处理在成熟期子粒氮素积累量及分配比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转移量和转移率均显著高于不灌水处理(W0)。济麦22 W2的成熟期氮素向子粒中分配的比例、开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转运量和转移率高于W1处理，潍麦8号则表现出相反的结果。2) 两品种W2在开花至成熟期的耗水量高于W0和W1处理。济麦22各处理的总耗水量均低于潍麦8号，降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号；W2处理下，灌水量和降水量占总耗水量比例高于潍麦8号。3)在本试验条件下，济麦22和潍麦8号分别为W2和W1处理获得各品种较高子粒产量、水分利用效率、氮肥生产效率、氮素吸收效率及氮素收获指数，济麦22各处理子粒产量和水分利用效率均高于潍麦8号，是兼顾高产和节水的小麦品种。
Abstract:Aimed to optimize the effects of supplemental irrigation at different growth stages on water consumption characteristics and nitrogen distribution and translocation in wheat, a field experiment was conducted to study effects of soil-moisture monitoring supplemental irrigation on water consumption characteristics and nitrogen accumulation and translocation with the cultivars of Jimai22 (J22) and Weimai8 (WM8). Three irrigation treatments were designed: W0 with no irrigation during the whole growth stage, W1 with the relative water contents at jointing and anthesis stages being 70% and W2 with the relative water contents at 8 d after jointing and 8 d after anthesis stages being 70%. The results showed that grain nitrogen accumulation at maturity, nitrogen translocation rate and efficiency from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis under W1 and W2 were significantly higher than those under W0 in both cultivars. Comparing to W1, W2 of J22 had higher proportion of grain nitrogen accumulation at maturity, the nitrogen translocation rate and efficiency. However, WM8 showed the reversed change under the treatments W1 and W2. The water consumption amount from anthesis to maturity of treatment W2 was the highest in both cultivars. The total water consumption of J22 under all irrigation treatments was significantly lower than that of WM8. The ratio of precipitation to total water consumption in J22 was significantly higher than that in WM8. Under treatment W2, the ratio of irrigation and precipitation to total water consumption amount were both higher than those of WM8. Treatment W2 of J22 had higher grain yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer productive efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, and nitrogen harvest index in irrigation scheduling under the experimental condition, whereas the most appropriate irrigation regime recommended for WM8 is treatment W1. Compare to WM8, J22 had higher grain yield and water saving efficiency.