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作 者 ：杨苞梅 姚丽贤 李国良 周昌敏 何兆桓 涂仕华

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 6期 页码：1471-1476

关键词：粉蕉；香蕉；营养特性；矿质元素；

Keywords:plantain banana, banana,

摘 要 ：为探明粉蕉矿质营养元素的累积分配特征，以主栽品种广粉1号为试材，采用彻底刨根、分解取样的方法，研究了干物质的构成特点、各器官矿质元素含量和累积分配特性。结果表明：粉蕉植株总干质量为17.6 kg/plant，其中叶片占16.4%，假茎占32.8%，球茎占9.6%，果实占37.3%，果轴占1.1%，根占2.8%。平均每株累积吸收N 167.0g、P 19.3g、K 521.7g、Ca 118.3g、Mg 54.7g、S 16.6g、Fe 6650.5mg、Mn 16142.9mg、Cu 152.3mg、Zn 607.7mg、B 212.2mg、Mo 4.2mg，养分比例N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S为1:0.12:3.12:0.71:0.33:0.10。其中N、P、Ca和S主要向叶片、假茎和果实分配，K和Mg主要向假茎分配，Fe主要向叶片、根和球茎分配，Cu主要向假茎和果实分配，Zn和Mo主要向叶片、假茎和球茎分配，B和Mn主要向假茎和叶片分配。为获得60t/hm2的高产，粉蕉需要吸收N 385.6kg、P 44.6kg、K 1205.1kg、Ca 273.3kg、Mg 126.6kg、S 38.3kg、Fe 15.4kg、Mn 37.3kg、Cu 352.0g、Zn 1403.8g、B 490.1g、Mo 9.6g。

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation and distribution of mineral elements in plantain banana(Musa ABB Pisang Awak) and  establish a reasonable fertilization protocol. Plantain banana was cultured in field and harvested at the fruit maturation stage for analyzing its composition of dry biomass,  mineral element contents  in different parts. The results show that the total dry biomass of plantain banana is 17.6 kg/plant,  and the percentage of leaves is 16.4%,  pseudostems,  32.8%; corms,  9.6%; fruits,  37.3%; bunch axles,  1.1% and roots,  2.8%,  respectively. The total N,  P and K amounts in plantain banana are 167.0,  19.3 and 521.7 g/plant,  respectively. The total Ca,  Mg and S amounts in plantain banana are 118.3,  54.7 and 16.6 g/plant,  respectively,  and the total Fe,  Mn,  Cu,  Zn,  B and Mo amounts in plantain banana are 6650.5,  16142.9,    152.3,  607.7,  212.2 and 4.2 mg/plant,  respectively. N,  P,  Ca and S are mainly assigned to leaves,  pseudostems and fruits, K and Mg to pseudostems, Fe  to leaves,  roots and corms, Cu  mainly to pseudostems and fruits, Zn and Mo  to leaves,  pseudostems and corms, B and Mn  to leaves and pseudostems. To form a  yield of 60 t/hm²,  N 385.6 kg,  P 44.6 kg,  K 1205.1 kg,  Ca 273.3 kg,  Mg 126.6 kg,  S 38.3 kg,  Fe 15.4 kg,  Mn 37.3 kg,  Cu 352.0 g,  Zn 1403.8 g,  B 490.1 g and Mo 9.6 g are needed.

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