作 者 ：王小英 同延安 刘芬 赵佐平
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 2期 页码：471-479
Keywords:Shaanxi province, potato, fertilization, evaluation,
摘 要 ：为了解陕西省马铃薯施肥现状及农户养分资源投入中存在的问题，提出解决问题的对策。对测土配方施肥项目2006~2009年的14个县1890户调查数据进行了分析和评价。结果表明，陕北高原和陕南秦巴山区平均产量分别为23.0 t/hm2和15.4 t/hm2，全省平均22.3 t/hm2。有机肥施用农户分别占到99.0%和60.6%，全省平均95.4%。全省化肥氮（N）、 磷（P2O5）和钾（K2O）投入量分别为155、 78和13 kg/hm2，其投入均表现出报酬递减趋势。与养分分级等级相比，陕北高原和陕南秦巴山区化学氮肥施用量合理的农户分别占43.0%和4.0%，全省平均39.4%； 过量施肥的农户分别占24.5%和50.3%，全省平均26.9%。磷肥施用量合理的农户分别占64.6%和16.0%，全省平均60.1%； 过量施肥的农户分别占21.9%和56.0%，全省平均25.0%。钾肥施用量不足农户分别占96.9%和93.1%，全省平均96.6%。陕西省农户马铃薯施肥存在问题主要包括氮肥和磷肥投入过量和不足并存，钾肥和有机肥投入不足。今后陕西省马铃薯施肥的重点为平衡氮肥和磷肥用量，增加钾肥和有机肥用量，增加追肥的施用，尤其是陕南秦巴山区。
Abstract: In order to understand the current situation of fertilizer application and nutrients resource input problems of farmers on potato in Shaanxi province and to put forward countermeasures to solve the problems, the household survey data of the project of soil testing and formulated fertilization from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed and evaluated. There were totally 14 counties and 1890 households for the survey. The results show that in Loess plateau area of northern Shaanxi and Qin-ba mountain area of southern Shaanxi, the yields of potato are 23.0 t/ha and 15.4 t/ha, and the average yield of the whole province is 22.3 t/ha. The ratios of households of using organic manure are 99.0% and 60.6% respectively, and the average of the whole province is 95.4%. The rates of chemical fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O are 155, 78 and 13 kg/ha respectively in the whole province, which shows diminishing returns trends. Compared with the rational fertilizer rates, in Loess plateau area of northern Shaanxi and Qin-ba mountain area of southern Shaanxi, for chemical N application, 43.0% and 4.0% are rational respectively, the average of the whole province is 39.4%; 24.5% and 50.3% are excessive respectively, the average of the whole province is 26.9%. For chemical P2O5 application, 64.6% and 16.0% are rational respectively, the average of the whole province is 60.1%; 21.9% and 56.0% are excessive respectively, the average of the whole province is 25.0%. For chemical K2O application, 96.9% and 93.1% are insufficient respectively, the average of the whole province is 96.6%. The current situation of household fertilization on potato in Shaanxi province is that the nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer inputs are both excessive and insufficient, and the potassium fertilizer and organic manure inputs are both insufficient. Therefore, the reasonable application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, increasing potassium fertilizer and organic manure inputs and increasing top dressing fertilizers, especially in Qin-Ba mountain area of southern Shaanxi are all should be concerned for households in Shaanxi province.
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