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作 者 ：杨艳君 王宏富 郭平毅 王玉国 原向阳 邢国芳 邵东红 祁祥 解丽丽 聂萌恩 郭俊 宁娜

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 3期 页码：566-576

关键词：杂交谷；二次通用旋转组合设计；施肥；密度；产量；光合特性；

Keywords:quadratic general rotary unitized design, fertilizer, density, yield, photosynthetic characteristic,

摘 要 ：本研究采用5 因素二次通用旋转组合设计，探讨氮、 磷、 钾、 行距和株距对张杂谷5号光合特性与产量的影响。结果表明，产量与叶面积指数、 净光合速率、 叶绿素含量显著正相关。单因素氮、 行距、 磷、 钾对产量和净光合速率有显著影响，氮肥和行距影响较大，而磷和钾肥影响较小。单因素行距、 株距和氮对叶面积指数有显著影响，随着施氮量的增加以及株距和行距的缩小，叶面积指数均表现先增后减趋势。单因素施氮和钾水平对叶绿素含量有显著影响，随着施氮、 钾量的增加，叶绿素含量均表现为先升后降的趋势。在所研究的5个因素中，施氮水平、 施钾水平以及株距之间交互作用对产量有显著影响; 施钾水平与施氮水平、 株距之间的交互作用对净光合速率有显著影响。该5因素与产量间回归关系极显著，拟合程度较高，可用于实际生产预测。使产量大于6200  kg/hm² 的优化因素取值的95%的置信区间为施氮（N）178197  kg/hm²、 磷（P₂O₅）88101  kg/hm²、 钾（K₂O）5467  kg/hm²、 行距为2224 cm、 株距为1213 cm。

Abstract:Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is of high nutritious value, which has been mostly used for foods in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. To investigate the effects of fertilization and density on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of millet, Zhangzagu 5, an experiment based on quadratic general rotary unitized design with 3 replications was conducted. The results show that the yield is significantly positively correlated with leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (SPAD). The levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium and the row spacing all have significant effects on the net photosynthetic rate and yield of millet, and the net photosynthetic rate and yield are mainly affected by the nitrogen level and row spacing, while the influence of phosphate and potassium are relatively small. The row spacing, plant spacing and nitrogen level have great effects on leaf area index, and leaf area index is increased at first and then decreased with the increase of N level and decreases of row spacing or plant   spacing. The effects of nitrogen and potassium levels on chlorophyll contents are obvious, and the chlorophyll contents have a trend from rising to declining with nitrogen or phosphate increasing. The interactions between the nitrogen level and potassium level and plant spacing, and the interaction between the potassium level and plant spacing show significant effects on yield, and the interactions between the nitrogen level and potassium level and plant spacing show great effects on net photosynthetic rate. The interaction effects of other factors on photosynthetic characteristics and yield are not obvious. Multivariate quadratic regression analysis indicates that the regression relationship between the levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, row spacing, plant spacing and the yield of Zhangzagu 5, can be used for production forecasts. The recommended cultivation conditions for Zhangzagu 5 are 178-197  kg/ha for nitrogen level, 88-101  kg/ha for P₂O₅, 54-67  kg/ha for K₂O, 22-24 cm for row spacing, and 12-13 cm for plant spacing. These results suggest that nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, row spacing, plant spacing and their interactions have certain effects on the leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (SPAD) and yield of Zhangzagu 5. The research lays a theoretical foundation for reaching high and stable millet yield and spreading hybrid millet to a large area.

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