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作 者 ：井涛 樊明寿 周登博 秦永林 石晓华

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 3期 页码：654-661

关键词：马铃薯；施氮量；硝态氮积累；氮素平衡；氮素利用率；

Keywords:potato, nitrogen rate, nitrate accumulation, nitrogen balance, nitrogen use efficiency,

摘 要 ：通过田间试验研究了高垄覆膜滴灌条件下施氮量（N 0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm2）对马铃薯产量、土壤硝态氮积累、氮素平衡及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，N180处理的马铃薯块茎产量最高。马铃薯收获期各处理硝态氮含量为表层土（0—20cm）最高，且在0—120 cm剖面呈现降低的趋势；各处理0—40 cm土层硝态氮积累量占0—120cm土层硝态氮积累总量的47.74%～53.17%。施氮量与马铃薯吸氮量、土壤硝态氮残留量、氮素表观损失量呈显著正相关，马铃薯吸氮量、硝态氮残留量和氮素表观损失量分别占增加纯氮的37.93%、45.99%和16.08%。马铃薯块茎吸氮量和收获指数随着施氮量的增加有增加的趋势；氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥生理利用效率均以N 90处理最高，分别为67.97%、68.06 kg/kg和154.92 kg/kg。在内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯主产区，覆膜滴灌施氮量应控制在90～180 kg/hm2。

Abstract:A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different nitrogen levels（N0，90，180，270 and 360 kg/ha）on potato tuber yield, soil nitrate accumulation, nitrogen balance and use efficiency in potato under plastic cover with drip irrigation. The results show that the tuber yield of the N180 treatment is the highest, and the highest soil NO3--N contents are observed at 0–20 cm soil layers of each treatment at the harvest stage of potato, and the soil NO3--N contents are reduced with the increase of depth in soil profiles (0–120cm). Soil NO3--N accumulation of each treatment(0–40cm) accounts for 47.75%–53.17% of total accumulation (0–120cm). Soil NO3--N accumulation and nitrogen apparent loss are positively correlated with the nitrogen application rates. Potato nitrogen uptakes，Soil NO3--N accumulation and nitrogen apparent loss accounts for 37.93 %, 45.99 % and 16.08 % of the total nitrogen input. N absorption of potato tubers and nitrogen harvest index are increased with the increase of the nitrogen application rate. The highest NRE，NAE and NPE are observed in the treatment of N90，about 67.97%、68.06 kg/kg and 154.92 kg/kg, respectively. The nitrogen application rates should be controlled by 90–180 kg/ha under plastic cover with drip irrigation in potato production areas of northern Yinshan mountains in Inner Mongolia.

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