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作 者 ：夏永香 刘世琦 李贺 陈祥伟

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 3期 页码：733-741

关键词：大蒜；硒；生理特性；产量；品质；

Keywords:garlic, selenium, physiological characteristic, yield, quality,

摘 要 ：以“金蒜3号”为试材，采用盆栽试验，通过叶面喷施不同浓度、不同次数的亚硒酸钠研究了硒对大蒜生理特性、含硒量和品质的影响。结果表明：在生长期4月5日、15日和25日累计喷施1次、2次、3次3个浓度（5、10、15 mg/L）的亚硒酸钠溶液，均不同程度影响大蒜生理特性、含硒量和品质。与对照相比，叶面喷施2次10 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液，可显著提高叶片中光合色素含量和光合性能；能显著改善蒜薹和鳞茎品质，单薹鲜质量和单头鲜质量分别提高68.25%和29.00%，可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量分别提高73.05%、104.66%、18.95%和82.01%、51.27%、69.82%；并可有效提高鳞茎中游离氨基酸含量（38.91%），降低蒜薹中游离氨基酸含量（36.95%）；同时可降低蒜薹和鳞茎中大蒜素含量，但差异不显著。蒜薹和鳞茎硒含量随硒浓度和喷施次数的增加而显著提高，最高可达19.81和23.96 mg/kg，为对照的3.85和4.41倍。综合各因素指标，大蒜以叶面喷施2次10 mg/L的亚硒酸钠为宜。

Abstract:A pot experiment was used to investigate the effects of Se on physiological characteristics, Se content and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L. cv. Golden garlic 3) by spraying sodium selenite on leaves of garlic. The results show that physiological characteristics, Se content and quality of garlic are influenced by spraying three concentrations (5, 10 and 15 mg/L) of sodium selenite with different times (1, 2 and 3 times) on April 5th, 15th and 25th. Compared with CK, the photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic capacity of the leaves by spraying 2 times of 10mg/L sodium selenite solution are increased effectively, the quality of bolts and bulbs are improved significantly, the fresh weights per bolt and per bulb are increased by 68.25% and 29.00%, and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C in bolts and bulbs are increased by 73.05%, 104.66%, 18.95% and 82.01%, 51.27%, 69.82%, respectively. Moreover, the free amino acid content in bulbs is higher (about 138.91% of CK bulbs’) than that in CK bulbs, while the free amino acid content in bolts is lower (about 63.05% of CK bolts’) than that in CK bolts, and the allicin contents in bolts and bulbs are reduced. We also find that in all the treatment, Se contents in bolts and bulbs are enhanced significantly with application dosage and time of Se, the highest values are 3.85 and 4.41 times of those in CK, respectively. In our experiment, we conclude that the quality of garlic can be improved effectively by spraying 10mg/L Se for 2 times on garlic leaves.

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