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作 者 ：周恩达 门永阁 周乐 李洪娜 葛顺峰 李晶 魏少冲 姜远茂

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 3期 页码：650-655

关键词：苹果；过量灌溉；起垄栽培；15N-尿素；利用；分配；

Keywords:Apple, excessiveirrigation, ridgingcultivation, 15N-urea, utilization, distribution,

摘 要 ：以4 年生富士/SH40/八棱海棠为试材，研究了过量灌溉条件下起垄栽培对富士苹果生长和¹⁵N-尿素利用、 分配的影响。结果表明，过量灌溉条件下，与平栽处理相比起垄栽培处理在春梢停长期根系的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性分别提高1.70倍和1.69倍，根系游离脯氨酸含量降低了63.60%，根系活力和细根生长量分别提高1.44倍和1.68倍; 在秋梢停长期也表现出相似规律。起垄栽培与平栽处理在春梢停长期树体的氮素利用率分别为4.40%和3.86%，差异不显著; 到秋梢停长期分别为5.16%和4.02%，差异达显著水平。起垄栽培植株营养器官¹⁵N 分配率均高于平栽，其中以细根最为显著，且随物侯期的推移差异越明显。

Abstract:Experiments were designed to explore the effects of ridging cultivation on apple tree growth, utilization and distribution of 15N-urea under excessive irrigation on 4-yearold apple trees (Fuji/SH40/ Malus robusta Rehd). Compared to the flat cultivation under excessive irrigation, the ridging cultivation could increase the activities of SOD and POD to 1.70 times and 1.69 times, decrease the free proline content to 63.60%, and increase the root activity and the fine root growth to 1.44 times and 1.68 times at the spring shoots growth arrest stage. These changes are also found in same pattern at the autumn shoot growth arrest stage. At the spring shoots growth arrest stage, the nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE)  with ridge cultivation and  flat cultivation are 4.40% and 3.86%,  no significant difference existed between the two cultivation ways. The NUEs are 5.16% and 4.02% respectively, but no significant difference.  The¹⁵N distribution rates in  the vegetative organs are higher with  ridging cultivation  than with flat cultivation, the biggest difference occured in  the fine roots, and the differences became increased  with the process of the growth.

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