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作 者 ：张春霞 文宏达 刘宏斌 张继宗 张亦涛

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 5期 页码：1139-1145

关键词：大棚；春番茄；经济效益；硝态氮；淋溶；

Keywords:green house, spring tomatoes, nitrate nitrogen, leaching,

摘 要 ：以河北省徐水县连续11年种植春番茄的大棚蔬菜地为试验对象，采用田间对比和土壤硝态氮地下淋溶原位监测方法，研究了合理优化施肥对春番茄经济效益和土壤中硝态氮淋溶的影响。试验以氮素空白为对照，设单施有机肥、常规施肥和优化施肥。其中优化施肥与常规施肥有机肥用量一致，无机氮素减少了240 kg/hm²。结果表明， 1) 优化施肥的春番茄产量和经济效益较常规施肥分别提高了4.1% 和4.5%； 2)优化施肥的氮素利用率显著提高，比常规施肥增加了1.48%； 3) 优化施肥可以显著减少大棚菜地敞棚期硝态氮的淋溶量。2011年本试验敞棚期（5月8日9月30日）降水总量为465.3 mm，优化施肥土壤硝态氮淋溶量比常规施肥减少了50.06 kg/hm²。

Abstract:The influences of optimized fertilization on the nitrate nitrogen leaching, the yield of spring tomatoes and the economic benefit were studied using on site monitoring of ground water NO^-₃ method in the greenhouse located in Xushui, Hebei Province, where spring tomatoes had been planted for over 11 years. Four treatments with triplicates were designed: 1) Only phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (CK); 2) Manure plus phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (OM); 3) Manure plus conventional chemical fertilizer (MCC); 4) Manure plus optimum fertilizers (MOC). The results show that the yield is increased by 4.1%, the profit increased by 4.5% and the N use efficiency (%) improved by 1.48% with the optimized fertilization treatment (MOC) compared to the conventional way (MCC). The annual absolute  NO^-₃ - N leaching amount decreased by 50.06 kg/ha under optimum fertilization treatment compared with  the conventional fertilization treatment in 2011, when the annual precipitation at the fallow period was 465.3 mm. Therefore, decreasing the nitrogen fertilizer is the most effective way to reduce the leaching of nitrate nitrogen.

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