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作 者 ：隽英华 汪仁 孙文涛 邢月华

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 5期 页码：1248-1256

关键词：春玉米；氮肥实时监控；氮肥效率；硝态氮；

Keywords:spring maize, real-time N management, N efficiency, nitrate-N,

摘 要 ：为了实现作物产量和氮肥效率的协同提高，通过三年田间试验，建立了基于土壤硝态氮测试的春玉米氮肥实时监控技术。结果表明，与传统的习惯施肥相比，应用氮肥实时监控技术推荐的氮肥用量大幅减少，每年节约氮肥约60 kg/hm²。 由于氮肥供应与春玉米氮肥需求在时间和空间上的匹配，籽粒产量较习惯施肥增加了6.43%，氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力均显著提高。可见，本研究建立的氮肥实时监控技术是合理的，且在春玉米上应用该技术可以实现氮肥用量降低、产量增加、氮肥效率提高及生态环境保护的协调一致。

Abstract: With a three-year field experiment, the real-time nitrogen (N) management for spring maize was constructed to synergistically increase crop yield and fertilizer N efficiency based on the soil nitrate-N test. The results show that the optimal recommended N application rate is significantly lower than that of the traditional practice, and the amount of saving N fertilizer is about 60 kg/ha per year. Compared with the traditional practice, the grain yield under the optimal N rate is increased by 6.43% due to synchronizing N supply from soil and fertilizer, and N demand of spring maize. In addition, N use efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, N physiological use efficiency and N partial productivity are significantly improved. Therefore, it is preliminarily concluded that the real-time N management constructed in this study is reasonable, and the application of real-time N management to spring maize can realize synchronization of N application rate decrease, grain yield increase, N efficiency improvement and environment protection.

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