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作 者 ：鲁剑巍1;2;陈防2;王运华1;刘冬碧3;万运帆3;余常兵2

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2004年 10卷 4期 页码：413-418

关键词：柑橘；施肥；树体生长；产量；品质；

Keywords:citrus, fertilization, tree growth, yield, quality,

摘 要 ：利用盆栽试验研究了氮、磷、钾肥对幼龄柑橘树生长发育和果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施用氮、磷、钾肥明显影响柑橘树新生叶片数和叶片大小;对柑橘三梢抽梢和生长状况也产生明显影响,不施氮、磷、钾肥处理的柑橘树三梢生长量分别为OPT处理(施足各种养分)的14.5%、74.5%和91.6%。不施氮、磷、钾肥处理的柑橘树开花数分别为OPT处理的28.9%、89.8%和91.9%;成果率分别为24.3%、83.3%和93.0%。不施氮、磷、钾肥柑橘果实产量分别下降22.2%、16.8%和21.2%;柑橘果实的品质指标尤其是外观品质受到严重影响。试验结果还表明,氮肥对红壤上种植的幼龄柑橘树的营养生长的影响程度大于磷肥,钾肥对营养生长影响程度最小,然而对柑橘产量和品质,氮、钾肥的影响程度大于磷肥。3年的试验结果说明,合理施用氮、磷、钾肥能明显促进幼龄柑橘树体生长发育,同时能提高柑橘产量和改善果实品质。

Abstract:A pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to study on influence of N, P and K fertilization on young citrus tree growth and fruit yield and quality during 1999 to 2001.The results showed that the OPT treatment(Balanced fertilization, the rate g/(kg·a): N 0.15、P 0.05、K 0.15、Ca 0.23、Mg 0.0326、B 0.0006、Zn 0.004、Mo 0.0016、Cu 0.0005) increased leaf number and leaf weight and great affected on citrus tree shoot growth. The shoot growth without N, P and K treatments was only 14.5%, 74.5% and 91.6% compared with OPT treatments, respectively. Fertilization also influenced on citrus flowering and fruiting. The numbers of flower without N, P and K treatments were only 28.9%, 89.8% and 91.9% of OPT treatment, the fruiting rate were only 24.3%, 83.3% and 93.0% of OPT treatments and the yield of fruits decreased by 22.2%, 16.8% and 21.2%, respectively. The trial also found that some quality parameters especially orange appearance and commercial quality was affected by N, P and K fertilization. For N, P and K fertilizers, N had the greatest influence on citrus tree growth, and K showed the little response on nutritional growth stage. However, N and K had more influence on orange yield and quality than that of P. Three years study indicated that N, P, and K fertilization significantly promoted citrus growth in young stage and improved both fruit yield and quality as well.

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