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作 者 ：徐福利1;梁银丽1;张成娥2;杜社妮1;陈志杰3

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2004年 10卷 1期 页码：68-72

关键词：日光温室；黄瓜；施肥；NO3--N；

Keywords:sunlightgreenhouse, cucumber, fertilization, NO3--N,

摘 要 ：通过田间试验研究了不同施肥对日光温室黄瓜NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N含量和土壤NO₃^--N以及黄瓜产量的影响。结果表明,在黄土高原黄绵土上,施N400kg.hm²和P₂O₅250kg.hm²,黄瓜生长期间,NO₃^--N含量变化与黄瓜的生长发育阶段关系密切,黄瓜结瓜前0—20和20—40cm土层NO₃^--N含量较高,随黄瓜生长速度加快和结瓜盛期的到来,土壤NO₃^--N含量降低;黄瓜收获后,NO₃^--N含量又有增加。不同施肥种类比较,施用化肥40—160cm土层NO₃^--N的累积和淋洗量最大,施用沼肥其累积和淋洗量小于施用化肥,而施用有机肥(牛粪)NO₃^--N的累积和淋洗量小于施用沼肥。采用叶面喷施尿素和有机钾肥,可以减少化肥和有机肥用量,从而降低土壤剖面0—200cmNO₃^--N的累积。使用沼肥、叶面肥的黄瓜产量都明显高于不施肥和NP化肥处理。

Abstract:A field experiment was conducted in sunlight greenhouse to study the effect of fertilization on NO₂^--N and NO₃^--N contents of cucumber, NO₃^--N content in soil, and cucumber yield. The result shown that, application of N 400kg/hm² and P₂O₅ 250 kg/hm², the NO₃^--N content in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers related with the growth and developing stage of cucumber during the cucumber growth period under condition of Huangmian soil on Loess Plateau. The NO₃^--N content was relatively higher before fruiting stage, however, the NO₃^---N content became lower with the cucumber growing developing and increased after harvest in 0-20 and 20-40cm soil layers. After harvest the cucumber, the NO₃^--N accumulation and leaching in 40-160cm soil profile was highest by using chemical fertilizer, lower by using methane and lowest by using manure. Foliage dressing by urea and organic K during cucumber growth period could reduce the rates of fertilizer and manure and decreased the NO₃^--N content in 0-200cm soil layer. The cucumber yield was higher by using methane and foliage spray of urea and organic K than that application of NP fertilizers and without fertilizers.

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