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作 者 ：周旭红，桂 敏，陈 敏，王继华，马璐琳，卢珍红，田 敏，莫锡君*

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2013年 1期 页码：1~6

关键词：香石竹；受精；4x×2x；胚败育；

Keywords:Dianthus caryophyllus, fertilization, 4x×2x, embryo abortion,

摘 要 ：采用石蜡切片法对以四倍体香石竹品种‘紫蝴蝶’ （2n=4x=60）为母本，单瓣中间材料‘NH6’（2n=2x=30）为父本杂交后受精过程及胚胎发育进行研究。结果表明:(1)授粉后17 h，花粉管进入助细胞并释放内容物，精核进入极核细胞内，与二极核细胞融合形成初生胚乳核；授粉后1 d，精核向卵核方向移动，贴伏于卵核核膜上；授粉后2 d，形成合子及游离的胚乳核；随后，胚发育经过原胚、球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚阶段。(2)杂交障碍发生在受精过程及胚胎发育的各个时期，表现为：精子与卵细胞不相融合或精子与二极核不相融合、合子未分裂或初生胚乳核未分裂及胚胎的败育。(3)胚败育虽能发生在原胚、球形胚、棒状形胚、三角形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚及子叶形胚阶段，但主要发生在球形胚阶段。

Abstract:We observed the processes of fertilization and embryo development in crosses between ‘butterfly’ (2n=4x=60) and the simple breeding line ‘NH6’ (2n=2x=30) using paraffin section.The results showed that:(1)At 17 h after pollination,pollen tube entered into one synergid and released contents,sperm nucleus got into one of polar nuclei and fused with two polar nuclei to form primary endosperm nucleus.At 1 day after pollination,sperm nucleus moved towards egg nucleus and adhered to the nuclear membrane of the egg cell.Formation of zygote and endosperm free nuclei was observed 2 day after pollination.Development of embryo went through stages of proembryo,globular embryo,heart embryo and torpedo embryo.The hybrid barriers were detected in fertilization and different embryo development stages.Barriers included sperm did not fused with egg or sperm did not fused with polar nucleus,and zygote did not divided,or primary endosperm nucleus did not divided,and embryos aborted.Embryos aborted at different developmental stages (proembryo to cotyledon embryo),but mainly at globular embryo.

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