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作 者 ：袁金玲,高志民,马乃训,李雪平,袁 娜,吴柳青

期 刊 ：林业科学研究 2009年 22卷 6期 页码：779-783

关键词：红竹；笋；营养成分；矿质元素；

Keywords:Phyllostachys iridescens, shoots, nutritional composition, mineral elements,

摘 要 ：对不同产地的优良经济竹种红竹笋进行营养成分及其遗传变异研究,结果表明:粗蛋白、可溶性总糖、粗脂肪等有机营养成分平均含量分别为31.75％、5.11％、4.44％;氨基酸含量为327.81 mg·g^-1,其中必需氨基酸占35.95%;矿质元素氮、磷、钾、铁、锌、钙、镁、铜、硒的平均含量分别是5 079.31、6 037.40、45 169.40、70.68、78.60、168.56、1 443.76、17.32、0.88 mg·kg^-1。分布区不同产地间粗蛋白、可溶性总糖、粗脂肪等有机营养成分的含量存在极显著差异,遗传方差均大于环境方差,且以粗蛋白的遗传变异系数最小,广义遗传力分别达88.69％、63.07％和74.74%。红竹笋体检测到的17种氨基酸中,以谷氨酸含量最高,达37.92 mg·g^-1,其次天冬氨酸为35.45 mg·g^-1,含量最低的蛋氨酸为3.29 mg·g^-1。笋体中9种矿质元素仅硒在不同产地间的变异系数较大,为26.51％,其它8种矿质元素的变异系数均≤13.11%;不同产地红竹笋体中矿质元素含量与产地土壤中有效矿质元素含量之间无显著相关;红竹笋3种有机营养和8种矿质元素之间存在一定的相关性,粗蛋白与钾元素和锌元素、可溶性总糖与铁元素、钾元素与镁元素之间呈显著正相关。

Abstract:Nutritional composition and its genetic variance of Phyllostachys iridescens shoots were studied. The results showed that crude protein, soluble sugar and crude fat were 31.73%, 5.11％, 4.44%, respectively; total amino acids were 327.81 mg.g^-1, among which 35.95% were essential amino acids; mineral elements were N 5 079.31 mg·kg^-1 , P 6 037.40 mg·kg^-1 , K 45 169.40 mg·kg^-1 g, Fe 70.68 mg·kg^-1 , Zn 78.60 mg·kg^-1 , Ca 168.56 mg·kg^-1 , Mg 1 443.76 mg·kg^-1 , Cu 17.32 mg·kg^-1 , Se 0.88 mg·kg^-1 , respectively. Composition of crude protein, soluble sugar and crude fat were significantly different among geographical sites, all of their genetic variance were higher than environmental variance, crude protein had the lowest genetic variance coefficient, each with broad heritability of 88.69％,63.07％and 74.74%. As for the 17 amino acids detected in shoots, Glu was top with 37.92 mg·g^-1, the second was Asp with 35.45 mg·g^-1, and Met was the lowest with 3.29 mg·g^-1. Only Se of 9 mineral elements had a high variance coefficient of 26.51％, others were no more than 13.11%. No evident correlation existed between shoots and local soil in the amount of mineral elements among different geographical sites. Some correlation existed among 3 organic nutrition and 9 mineral elements, for example, evident positive correlation existed between crude protein to K and Zn, soluble sugar to Fe, and K to Mg.

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