免费文献传递   相关文献

Carbon Sink Estimation and Potential of Forest Management in China

中国森林管理活动碳汇及其潜力


利用总-净核算和净-净核算2种方式估算中国森林管理活动的碳汇量及其潜力。结果表明: 基年为1990年时,总-净核算方式下2010,2020,2030,2040和2050年中国森林管理碳汇量分别为58.7,57.8,58.4,62.7和67.2 MtC·a-1,净-净核算方式下分别为14.9,17.5,20.1,26.0和31.7 MtC·a-1; 基年为2000年时,总-净核算方式下2010,2020,2030,2040和2050年中国森林管理碳汇量分别为73.5,72.1,72.8,78.1和83.6 MtC·a-1,净-净核算方式下分别为2.0,5.7,9.3,16.8和24.2 MtC·a-1; 同一基年2种核算方式估算的森林管理碳汇量变化趋势相同,且总-净核算的碳汇量大于净-净核算的碳汇量。

This paper estimated the carbon sink and potential of forest management activities in China using the gross-net and net-net estimation method. The results showed that if the base year is set to 1990, the carbon sink of forest management in 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 is 58.7, 57.8, 58.4, 62.7 and 67.2 MtC·a-1, respectively, under the gross-net, and is 14.9, 17.5, 20.1, 26.0 and 31.7 MtC·a-1, respectively, under the net-net. If the base year is 2000, the carbon sink of forest management in 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 is 73.5, 72.1, 72.8, 78.1 and 83.6 MtC·a-1, respectively, under the gross-net, and is 2.0, 5.7, 9.3, 16.8 and 24.2 MtC·a-1, respectively, under the net-net. The carbon sink change trend of forest management is the same under the gross-net and net-net with the same base year, and the carbon sink amount is bigger under the gross-net than that under the net-net.


全 文 :!!"
" !
"
#
# $ % #
$
"
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1"
,234!# $ % #
*+,#
" #$%% 5$A 5#;#
-.,#
" #$%# 5$6 5#7$
/012
"
=3&()>?@/S(>pq;1l012
%
£qt&XarstWNO&eu½NO&¶Él
&
,gf(g))c#$%$$!(#
34BC/¹>?L·É–
%9K
›§?vµw][GxÌ<>?
& #$%$8;777$!(#
5µ7(89:ɖF;<
%
&et&Xa[ͺÌ3y°›¶zQ‹¡Z 
&#$$A8,$=,$A($
"{cLu,˜2p
$
=3t&Xaµÿ¶z›§Z 
"
012
%
<
)34
#
<
567
%
%1
=3&()>?@t&•Ãõ/¡¼ö>?A
<
34&t&•Ãõ/BC¹šº
<
WX
%$$$;%#
#1
±€„¼ö|5=3X
<
WX
%$$6$$(
!
<
"
! <
Žnà
5
}~Êe}
5
}~Ê
#
¾tâÊ=3t&Xaµÿ[¶zl›§Z 
$
vwxy
"
/$u
%;;$

!
à
5
}~Êtâ
#$%$!#$#$!#$=$!#$!$
e
#$7$
$=3t&Xa¶zlRŸu
7"1A!7A1"!7"1!!6#1A
e
6A1# KM-E
5%
!
}
5
}~ÊtâRŸu
%!1;!%A17!#$1%!#61$
e
=%1A KM-E
5%
#
/$u
#$$$

!
à
5
}~Ê
tâ
#$%$!#$#$!#$=$!#$!$
e
#$7$
$=3t&Xa¶zlRŸu
A=17!A#1%!A#1"!A"1%
e
"=16 KM-E
5%
!
}
5
}~ÊtâRŸu
#1$!71A!;1=!%61"
e
#!1# KM-E
5%
#
qµ/$
#
¾~ÊtâÊ[t&Xa¶zl5V"
#0q
!
¿à
5
}~Ê[¶zl±~}
5
}~Ê[¶zl
$
#$%
" <
t&Xa
#
¶z
#
Él
#

&()*
! &A%"17<<<
+,-./
! ,<<<
+01*
! %$$% 5A!""##$%#$$" 5$$%% 5$7
R"%9-&.-S3/#.1"#.-"-4+#$-#.",*L%$/#T"-"5$1$-#.-R2.-"
a/2 :CNGC/G3
%
<:CEG3oIE/J2EG
#
%
%1A9=->(+-$(+9()2(+#$P,(7(59-"/ P"C%+(":"$().$-$2(+#$+91/:%"%#$+-$%("2(+#$P,(7(59P"C%+(":"$-"/ @+($,$%("! 012<3%4%"5 %$$$;%# #1BDQ-$&+0("#+C-",90D%"- @+(5+-:<3%4%"5 %$$6$$(
09/#%")#" <+CIPUEUNONPMI?EMNS MCN>EOV/G PIGZ EGS U/MNGMIE0/QQ/ONPM?EGE3N?NGME>MIYIMINPIG CIGE2PIG3MCN
3O/PPXGNMEGS GNMXGNMNPMI?EMI/G ?NMC/S4+CNONP20MPPC/LNS MCEMIQMCNVEPNTNEOIPPNMM/%;;$! MCN>EOV/G PIGZ /QQ/ONPM
?EGE3N?NGMIG #$%$! #$#$! #$=$! #$!$ EGS #$7$ IP7"1A! 7A1"! 7"1!! 6#1A EGS 6A1# KM-E
5%
! ONPUN>MIYN0T! 2GSNO
MCN3O/PPXGNM! EGS IP%!1;! %A17! #$1%! #61$ EGS =%1A KM-E
5%
! ONPUN>MIYN0T! 2GSNOMCNGNMXGNM4(QMCNVEPNTNEOIP
#$$$! MCN>EOV/G PIGZ /QQ/ONPM?EGE3N?NGMIG #$%$! #$#$! #$=$! #$!$ EGS #$7$ IPA=17! A#1%! A#1"! A"1% EGS "=16
KM-E
5%
! ONPUN>MIYN0T! 2GSNOMCN3O/PPXGNM! EGS IP#1$! 71A! ;1=! %61" EGS #!1# KM-E
5%
! ONPUN>MIYN0T! 2GSNOMCN
GNMXGNM4+CN>EOV/G PIGZ >CEG3NMONGS /QQ/ONPM?EGE3N?NGMIPMCNPE?N2GSNOMCN3O/PPXGNMEGS GNMXGNMLIMC MCNPE?N
VEPNTNEO! EGS MCN>EOV/G PIGZ E?/2GMIPVI33NO2GSNOMCN3O/PPXGNMMCEG MCEM2GSNOMCNGNMXGNM4
:$; <%4/" EOV/G PNJ2NPMOEMI/G# >EOV/G NPMI?EMI/G# U/MNGMIE0
<<(c
!
!
—uB€É@
!h
#
é‚}®%
ƒÌy5ß4˜™[„ÿ 
(c! #$$A($
t&
Z…†%ƒÌy5V=L‡ÞB™2n
$ %;;A
$
ˆ‰[
.
XŠ‹gŒ
/
!
=1!
y^Ü@
!%;;$

L•[t&Xaµÿ`•[¶z­,^9{tân
~V1mù
(
34‚Ž[ͺÌ3…¸yÉã
!
P
V[t&Xaµÿ[\Ώ&
)
þ&e&
,f9(
šÜ[­æÕ¶£l5V[AÁt&Xa
µÿ
!
Å%]n
)
t&º
)
‘’뺻
)
t&A
n
)
þ&“Ÿ

ÎÚ
)
ÛhÎ
()
-M
)

)
‘’
)
y
Q
)
›l››l•–åeR—WXaÎ

dä%Î
!
#$$=($
SÁ>?xy
-IPZI$-7;! #$$## &Z/3$-7;!
%;;6(!
Åw›Ý³Ö[t&Xars
!
t&[¶z
Z 0{­i
$
2ð¹3˜&Œ
)
™&Œe@Ýd
Q²³Ó±
!
=
)
þˆ&B±
!
t&öl£}
!
t&
ÍÎXa[߶Z 5RÓ±
!
®@S‰Š•å¶
z[˜™ší
$
åt&Xa122u¹3¶›€
œˆ‚[µ¾12$Ð
!
‹~€§ež¹3¶z
q¾3g
)
L‡&Z†N¹3ͺÌ3y°=[
2n
)
¹Q¶zlT[46Ÿ ÀÁB™¡
$
S>?8é
t*g
€‹[¶Éltu)
!

& ( )
!"
"
<
ÊÞ¹3WX
)
—¢
)
èW
)
݉
)
½£)
)
gr
)
H
&
)
¤¥b
)
Qs
)

)
§b
)
ÿ¨
)
©€
)

)
Ý
K
)
èL
)
ªW
)
ªL
)
ÇK
)
lj
)
sL
)
«m

[B¬
()

)
®L
)
‰³
)
¯‰
)
×Ø
)
ds
)
re
n°Î
=$
¶Ù

ˆ
)
G
(%;;$
$šSt&Xaµÿ
[&R¶zl›§Z 
!
u¹3³Ö#¡3âÌ
y5V±²Ü`9:
!
šÁƆN¹3…¸y³ 
$
%<
t&Xaµÿ²³[^g
æ~t&Xaµÿ[Él´Ý£[\&
)
þ
&e&
!
““$¹3zÁ±²³[&L•
!
¸
Æ2ã$[t&Xa²³u/$[&R²³…Ï/
$¦2ã$‘$µÉ[&²³
$
8é¹3î—t&lTѶÕé^gt&Xa
µÿ²³
$
Y—t&lTѶ›n[·¸é¹à£
q
!
¸Æ«7å¹3î—t&lTѶ<¦[&R
²³îÔ·¸é¹à8º
!
ñY—Ѷ[&R²³
Š®/~
$1#
[·¸é¹à
$ 1
$1#
i1
$1=
p1
$1% 5$1=
e
%d#!1
$1#
u·¸é¹àu
$1#
[t&²³
!1
$1=
u
·¸é¹àu
$1=
[t&²³
!1
$1% 5$1=
u·¸é
u
$1% @$1=
[™&²³
$
“—Ѷ#½YÙ

ˆ
)
G
(
[À3Ѷ$é£
q
!
¸Æ8éYÙ

ˆ
)
G
(
À3Ѷ$é›0mѶ
vw
!
å
7
$[5VàåzRŸ¦Y$
!
<¦YÙ

ˆ
)
G
(#$$"
$šð[‘$&R²³
$
þŽn=3
­¦çL·&»‘>?j–[Y#
#$$%*
#$%$! #$%%*#$#$
e
#$#%*#$7$(
n‰t&²³e@
S&²³ÿÃ5V‹¼

=3­¦çL·&»‘
>?12¤
! #$$#(!
Ê@
#$$"
$•[‘$t&X
a²³
!
vwA!
%$
æ~“$ŠÁ&L•
!
¸Æ
t&Xaµÿ[&R²³‡ô:…”"#
$
!
%<
£q/$t&Xaµÿ²³"#
gI34%<+ONGS /QQ/ONPM?EGE3N?NGME>MIYIMTEONE
2GSNOSIQNONGMVEPN0IGNTNEO
#<
ûr²³&R½³l
)
&R½³•ª]e
12][^g
<<
Žn%3!
#!=!!!7!6
e
A
—t&lTѶÕ
éeî$=3&hÉ$¾=Á>&R½³le&
R²³[ÕéÉÊ<¦YѶ$Y[ûr²³&R
½³l
$ #$$;*#$7$
$[ûr²³½³l8éj
–›n¿àÜÀu^g
$
=3­¦çL·&»‘
>?
#$$#(

!
¦
#$%$!#$=$
e
#$7$
$ûr²³
½³lRŸÜ}¦
"!1#!;!1"
e
%%A16 ?
=
-C?
5#
$
Žnî—t&lTѶÕé=YÙ

ˆ
)
G
(
µ
§W•ª]

Ág&R½³•ª]¡µ§W½³•
ª]0q
()


ˆ
)
G
(
&R½³12]eYÙ

ˆ
)
G
(
½³lŠÂåzº<%3‘$åz&R½
³•ª]e12]5V

!
#($
!
#<<
t&½³•ª]e12][5V
gI31#/GP2?IG3OEMN
=<
•ål¶kl
t&då¶kl¸¾$
)
ÕT
)

)
§ŒVù
eÃÓõ
-NYIGN$-7;! %;;7($
¹3WSdå¶
èé[fgU×
!
¿fgvwÁ¸¾$eÃÓõ
!
>º`åzklu
$1!A @$17=
dŽqÎ
! #$%$#
ìÆ(Î
! #$$%#
ì0ÄÎ
! #$$$#
Å~µÎ
!
%;;A#
$ƓÎ
! #$$##
hcÇÎ
! %;;7#
tÈÎ
!
#$$#($ (c%;;6
ÉL[ÉÙàu
$17$$
S>?
ÉÊt&Xa¶z^¼=
!
ÊÁÀ3½¾[ÊË
!
¸
ÆÉÊ^¼=›n¡
(c
ÉÙ൰[Õé
!
¨
$17$$
!<
•ål(·gÕ
,^*}¦[
%;7$
$šS[
7$$
Â̆JL
x[Á>•åle•` cÍ
!
€§•ålÕéû
!
Éʓ¶ÎÏ[½w¦%&•ål(·gÕ
!
þR
Ÿ‹¹3[
=#
¾&R$ÐÉʧåzàeãäó
#%
"
# Ð,~Î
"
=3t&Xaµÿ¶z›§Z 

x
%($
æ~YcÍif12£hµ
!
Õé#ó£
ý
!
Á[/Áà•åleŒQ•ål“˜½w•å
l
!
Á[ÉÑà•ål
!
Á[ÉьQ•ål
!
¸Æ
ŸÉÊ@(·gÕ[/Á
# 7$$
¤/0Õé
$
8éY&R$Ð[•ålïðgÕe%3t&
lTѶÕé=[YGªY&R$н³l
!
îÔ
ŠÂåz<¦YGªt&[åz•ål(·gÕ

x
#($
2
=>
N4()st[;uvwx
?"9@=>63L*A"%.(//#"-4#;B$/
&R$Ð
&MEGS MTUN 8)g &9
ÒÛ
@%"&#R(+-%"#%# %1A! $1#$
®t
@%,-!
²t
1>%# #1%# $1=6
ÓW
0&S+#&# #1%% $176
DÄÛ
=-+%8 %1A! $1#A
ÔFÛ
@%"&##97C#$+%#YEO4:("5(7%,- #1=6 $1=6
ÕÛ
@%"&#$->&7-)(+:%# %1;6 $1=;
µÝÛ
@%"&#-+:-"/% #1#; $1#7
$ÖÛ
@%"&#:-#("%-"- %1"$ $1A7
®LÛ
@%" &""-""#%# #1$! $1;!
×t
B#&5- #1#=
ØÛ
@%"&#/"#%)7(+- %1"$ $1!A
ÙÚÛ
@%"&#R#%9- YEO47-"5>%-:"#%# %1"= $1#!
§?Û½
hMCNOUIGN %1;% $1!=
tW
0&""%"5D-:%- 7-",(7-$- %1;# $1="
Ût
0+9S$(:+%- )(+$&"% %1;% $1=%
Qt
T$-#<&(%- 579S$(#$+(>(%/# %1;$ $1=$
ÜÄÝ
KIRNS >/GIQNO/2P #1$$ $17=
ÜÞÝ
/GIQNO/2PEGS VO/ES0NEQQ/ONPM #1$; $17;
QeÛ
2+-8%"&#:-"/#D&+%,-!
ßàá
T-",D&+%-"
K-7"&$!
Pâã
@D7(/"/+(" -:&+"#
%1!% $1#=
Ô½
0%""-:(:&:,-:SD(+-
äW
@D(>ID""-" %1"; $1#$
k
U&+,&# #1$; $1A%
åW
3$&7- %16# $1#!
æ½
B%7%- %16% $1="
çW
.-#-)+-#$I&:& #1!; $1"#
§?èÞ$
hMCNOCEOS VO/ES0NEQ #1=! $1"=

P&,-79S$&# %167 $1=7
WéP
0-#&-+%"- <&%#$%)(7%- #1%" %1$%

@(S&7&# #1%6 $17!
êë
@-&7-K"%- )(+$&"% =16; $17A
ìW
KIP>N0EGN/2PMONN %1A7 $1##
§?øÞ$
hMCNOP/QMVO/ES0NEQ #17$ $1""
ÞÄÝ
KIRNS VO/ES0NEQQ/ONPM %1;7 $1!7
7<
½w»³èé

.
=3˜™½¾[W»åa )÷ö
/
=
3&()>?@W»O>?A
! %;"#(
A(=
3˜™½¾W»èé
!
îÔR$I_<¦˜™½¾

¤
(
t&$нw»³èé
!
„•¡î—t&lT
Ѷl¼=[YGªY½¾

¤
(
t&$н³l
îԊÂåz
!
<¦%3
=$
¶Ù

ˆ
)
G
(
½w»³
èé[ŠÂåzà

x
#("
W9
%
H
%
:
F
:
-W9
:
(GF
%
$
â=
"W9
%
u¦Gª½w»³èé
# F
%
u¦Gªt
&ཱི
# F
?
u¦GªY½¾t&$н³
# W9
:
uY½¾t&$нw»³èé
$
6<
t&Xaµÿ[¶TzÉl
2ðt&Xaµÿ¶ÉltuÁ
#
¾
"
µ®8
éAÁt&Xaµÿí›[²³SÉl¶£l5
V
!
£GRÀ3[t&Xaµÿ
!
luÇ[/~h
Œ[Éltu
#
6®8银µÿ

Åôlos”
(
Él§æÕ[¶£l5V
!
luî[/~µÿ[
Éltu
$
‡Ë¦ºÝY¾t&$Ðe§ŒVù
#Õ[UV
!
“¿Åw«¾XaµÿqL•~q
µt&
!
²¾æÕBÉl
!
¸Æ
t*g
€‹›
nÇ[/~hŒ[Él
!
¬ÁŽ~mnhÉï
tuÉlt&Xa[¶T
d
z
$
/~hŒ[ÇÉ
ltu¢Ruà
5
}~Êe}
5
}~Ê
#
¾tâ
$
à
5
}~ÊÉÁ&ŒZ2ã$[}¶z$
&
%
"
$
&
%
H1
gK!$
F
%!$
*
%!$
W9
%
8)g
%
g
%
$
â=
"1
gK!$
u
$
$t&Xa²³
C?
#
(#F
%!$
u
%
Ù

ˆ
)
G
(
Z
$
$[&Rûr²³½³l
?
=
-
C?
5#
(# *
%!$
u
%
Ù

ˆ
)
G
(
Z
$
$[&R½³•
ª]¡&R½³12]¿ó
b(# 8)g
%
u
%
Ù

ˆ
)
G
(
½w¦%&[•ål(·gÕåzà
# W9
%
u
%
Ù

ˆ
)
G
(
åzW»èé
# g
%
u
%
Ù

ˆ
)
G
(
åz
•ål¶kl
$
}
5
}~ÊÉÁ&ŒZ2ã$[}¶z¡/$
[}¶z¿ó$
&
=
"
$
&
=
H
$
&
%
L
$
&
#
$
â=
"
$
.
#
u/$t&Xa}¶z
$
à
5
}~Êtât&Xa[¶zZ xQ
u
"
/$u
%;;$

!
t&Xa¶zZƒ#:‰Š
"#
!
>Z
%;;!*%;;"
$ôÁµy{[”zGô
!
¡P#ôU”[}•ª]eU}[}12]Á>
#
˜-ð¾/$
!#$$$
š•t&Xaµÿ¶z:…”
"#
!
¦
#$%A
$á4”à
!
‡•:†ñ‰Š"#
!
ì
?
#$7$
$
#
/$u
%;;$

!#$%$!#$#$!#$=$!
#$!$
e
#$7$
$t&Xa¶zlRŸu
7"1A!7A1"!
7"1!!6#1A
e
6A1# KM-E
5%
#
/$u
#$$$

!
#$%$!#$#$!#$=$!#$!$
e
#$7$
$t&Xa¶zl
RŸu
A=17!A#1%!A#1"!A"1%
e
"=16 KM-E
5%
$
¡à
5
}~Êtâ0ò
!
Z}
5
}~Êtâ
!
/$ó5
!
t&Xaµÿ[¶zZ ó}

!
=($
/$u
%;;$

!
t&Xa¶zZƒ#:‰Š"#
!
=%
& ( )
!"
"
<
<
2
E>CF
yz
#
{
%
|
$
}~€‚B}~ƒ„4t[;uvwx
#63L$
…†TUS
?"9@E>T$"-A",($*/#$14$-/.#; "-4$MB"-/.-*")#%*/#$19.1"//
# #2$<2,$#%$$9.1"//#63L$ .-CF B%A.-)$/& "-4"-1$$($-4+*0.$4
و€»G
cO/YIG>NPEGS E2M/G/?/2PON3I/GP
½w»³èé
&MN?SNGPIMTdM-?
5=
(
8)g
و€»G
cO/YIG>NPEGS E2M/G/?/2PON3I/GP
½w»³èé
&MN?SNGPIMTdM-?
5=
(
8)g
WX
8NIFIG3 $1!;7 #1$=
èL
aNGEG $176! #1$=
—¢
+IEGFIG $17$; #1=$
ªW
a2VNI $1!AA %1;#
èW
aNVNI $1!"7 #1$$
ªL
a2GEG $1!!A %1;!
݉
&CEGRI $1!;$ #1$%
ÇK
2`EG3S/G3 $1!A" #1$6
½£)
(GGNOK/G3/0IE $17%% %1A"
lj
2`EG3RI $1!"! %1;=
gr
-IE/GIG3 $17$7 #1$$
sL
aEIGEG $1!"7 %1;7
H&
HI0IG $17$" %1;6
«m
&I>C2EG $1!## #1$;
¤¥b
aNI0/G3FIEG3 $17$; %1;!

2`I[C/2 $1!;! #1$"
Qs
&CEG3CEI $1#A" %1;$
®L
D2GGEG $17#6 #1$7

HIEG3P2 $1!#! #1$$
‰³
oI[EG3 $1=6= #1%$
§b
:CNFIEG3 $1!!; %1;#
¯‰
&CEEGRI $176; #1%6
ÿ´
,GC2I $1!7; #1%7
×Ø
E`GP2 $1!6A #1%%
©€
g2FIEG $1!A! %1;$
ds
BIG3CEI $1=;7 #1$A

HIEG3RI $1!"A #1$!

*IG3RIE $1!%! #1%A
ÝK
&CEGS/G3 $1!7" #1%A

oIGFIEG3 $1=;! #1$#
>Z
%;;!*%;;"
$ôxQuy{[¶T
!
˜™¡P
#ôU”[}•ª]eU}[}12]Á>
$
˜-
ð¾/$
!#$$$
$š•t&Xaµÿ¶K*zz:
¦ç‰Š"#

!
=($
/$u
%;;$

!#$%$!#$#$!
#$=$!#$!$
e
#$7$
$t&Xa¶zlRŸu
%!1;!
%A17!#$1%!#61$
e
=%1A KM-E
5%
#
/$u
#$$$

!
#$%$!#$#$!#$=$!#$!$
e
#$7$
$t&Xa¶zlR
Ÿu
#1$!71A!;1=!%61"
e
#!1# KM-E
5%
$
!
=<
¹3t&Xa¶z"#
gI34=<+ONGS /QQ/ONPM?EGE3N?NGM>EOV/G PIGZ IG CIGE
<<
qµ/$
!
à
5
}~Êtâe}
5
}~Êtâ
[t&Xa¶z5V"#0q
#
à
5
}~Êtâ

!
/$ó5
!
t&Xaµÿ[¶zZ óä
#
}
5
}~Êtâ
!
/$ó5
!
¶zZ ó}
#
à
5
}~
Êtâ[t&Xa¶z±~}
5
}~Êtâ[
t&Xa¶z
$
A<
v-¡.-
à
5
}~Êtâ[t&Xa¶z±~}
5
}
~Êtâ[t&Xa¶z

!
=(!
¬¯°µPL
á34ôMt™Z›nà
5
}~ÊtâÉlt&X
a¶z
$
¸uLá34ôMtõö,^ŠUt&X
!%
"
# Ð,~Î
"
=3t&Xaµÿ¶z›§Z 
aµÿº<±l¶zSV1§‚Ž[…¸yÉã
!
š…á§Oš›ŸTÎX÷[…¸y³ 
$

P34^Ï«5$SŒ[t&‘’îçEFø
Í
!
n}
5
}~ÊtâÉÊ[}¶K*l:…”"
#
!
“à
5
}~Êt⭚ñt&¶zl”~
%;;$
$o/$t&¶zl

t&¶K*z…×
(
[µP
ôMt
!
ù­º$
/ä$ab£q
!
‹t&Xa[¶zÉlü6


!
= ($
ba-Qú
!
0‹~/H‹¼[
}
5
}~Êtâ0‹~/ä$o/ä#[}
5
}
~ÊtâA()
!
AŸòûüÜ[NuµÿæÕ[
ͺÌ3…ylozÑÎl
$
S>?[y°¸FeµÿQåÕézS€cÍ
e=3t&lTѶl¼
!
¬ýÉlvw`SÞL
±[£^g÷
$
S>?›n[²³e½³ÎÕé
!
®æt&lTѶÕéº<
!
¸Æt&lTѶ[
tueÕé[£^g÷ì&þgÞÉlvw[£^

#
t&lTѶ[àÉ_ÊÁ‡Ë&¶zÉ
l[«Z
!
”ÂŒt?£Ÿï¤&¶zÉl[«
™
!
ZÉlÿ!Žn•Ã)tu‹¬PÕéîÔ
ïð
!
¬Pïð^¼ÿ„`•”£^g÷
#
S>
?*}Þ±lcÍ=[Y½¾•ålÕéSº<½
w¦%&[•ål(·gÕ
!
>P#Õ¡½¾
)

e•ªGªÎ¸sÁ>
!
˜ZU±[£^g÷
#
t
&¶klÁ¸½¾
)
ÕT
)

)
§ŒVùeÃÓ
õ
!
S>?›n
(c
ÉÙ#ÕîÔÉlÁ˜ZU
±[£^g÷
$
X Y + ,
t
<
È
!
ë±[
!
1cV
4#$$#4
ȕøÍtWNO&¶sèé
)
"
leRü
4
&()
! ="=(" %! 5%;4
hcÇ
!
#$…
!
#%0
!
Î
4%;;74
&ÝWXWw™k&[(s
³µ›¸õ
4
®Ldå>?
! %A#(" %A7 5%"%4
$Ɠ
!
)*&
!
ì
<
(
!
Î
4#$$#4
µW˜™t&$ЀC¾[k
¶]Rd
4
WX&±))B
! #!6(" ;6 5%$$4
Å~µ
!
+Ð&
!
}¦,
4%;;A4
¦LŒÞ˜™t&$ж¸õ>
?
***
kl¡Rüjk
4
•Ã)ìÐ
!%66(" %A 5#%4
ì0Ä
!
-%.
!
/Ð0
4#$$$4
1ŽÝds®t&¶å±>?
4
‰
W&)@)B
! %7%(" ; 5%!4
ìÆ(
!
234
!
5ËЮ
4#$$%4
=3t&•Ãgh[d嶣l
e¶èé>?
4
mn•Ã)B
! %#%(" %= 5%64
dŽq
!
ì¯ø
4#$%$4
KWKXÝG
%%
¾Í`½¾6Wö73R
N¡¶·O°
4
då•Ã)B
!=!!(" =6" 5=A!4
dä%
!
Ð,~
4#$$=4
t&´V
)
t&Xa
)
dQ89eŒ[g
¡¶ÉlÌ<
4
&()
! =;!(" %!$ 5%!!4
=3&()>?@W»O>?A
4%;"#4
=3˜™½¾[W»
åa )÷ö
4
WX
"
=3&@‰Š
4
=3­¦çL·&»‘>?12¤
4#$$#4
=3­¦çL·&
»‘>?à-
4
WX
"
=3&@‰Š
4
(c4#$$A4&2??EOTQ/OU/0I>T?EZNOP/Q>0I?EMN>CEG3N#$$A" MCN
UCTPI>E0P>ING>NVEPIP4>/GMOIV2MI/G /QL/OZIG33O/2U (M/MCNQ/2OMC
EPPNPP?NGMONU/OM/QMCNIGMNO3/YNOG?NGME0UEGN0/G >0I?EMN>CEG3N4
E?VOIS3N" E?VOIS3NtGIYNOPIMTcONPP4
-NYIGNH&! /QNOW f! EC//G 9fHO4%;;748I/?EPPV2OGIG3! E
SOIYNOQ/O30/VE0>CEG3N4)GYIO/G?NGME0&>ING>NEGS +N>CG/0/3T!
#;=(" %#$ 5%#74
-IPZIH!cNO2>C/2S 9!rEOFE0EIGNG +4#$$#4(G>ONEPIG3>EOV/G PM/>ZPIG
MCNQ/ONPMP/I0P/QWNPMNOG )2O/UN4g/ONPM)>/0/3TEGS KEGE3N!
%6;" %7; 5%A74
&Z/3r)! KEO>IG +! aNEMC -&4%;;64hUU/OM2GIMINPM/ONS2>N
>EOV/G N?IPPI/GPEGS IG>ONEPNPM/OE3N VT L//S P2VPMIM2MI/G!
ON>T>0IG3! EGS I?UO/YNS 2MI0I[EMI/G
&
&E?UP/G f*!aEIO94g/ONPMP
EGS 30/VE0>CEG3N! Q/ONPM?EGE3N?NGM/UU/OM2GIMINP4WEPCIG3M/G"
,?NOI>EG g/ONPMP4
!
!"#$
<
%&
"
7%