免费文献传递   相关文献

Review on Olfactory Recognition and Behavioral Responses of Conifer Bark Beetles to Nonhost Volatiles

针叶树小蠹对非寄主挥发物的嗅觉识别和行为反应研究评述


针叶树小蠹在扬飞扩散过程中,要有效地依靠嗅觉机制鉴别寄主和非寄主植物的气味,以便在行为反应方面快速定位寄主,降低不利因素对种群的影响。不同的非寄主植物挥发物可以从生境、树种及个体水平上发挥不同的驱避作用。综述非寄主挥发物的范畴和作用、小蠹虫的嗅觉识别及行为反应,提出加强国内针叶树小蠹非寄主挥发物研究与开发的方向,以期为小蠹虫综合管理技术开发提供借鉴和参考。

Relying on the olfactory mechanism to recognize odors from the host and nonhost plants, the phytophagous insects can behaviorally orientate the host trees rapidly to mitigate the influence from detimental environmental impacts. Various nonhost volatiles may exert to different degrees repellent effects from nonhost habitat, species and unsuitable hosts. In this paper, we reviewed the category and functions of the nonhost volatiles, olfactory recognition by electrophysiological means as well as the behavioral responses of the conifer bark beetles to nonhost volatiles. Furthermore, the direction for research and potential use of nonhost volatiles in conifer bark beetle management in China were put forward.


全 文 :!!"
" !
#$
#
$ % # $
$
#$
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1#$
2345!$ % # $
*+,#
" $%#$ 6%# 6%:#
-.,#
" $%#$ 6%! 6$7$
/012
"
=@ææ&(ëC¢ª12
% +$%##, +g%$%&
&|(d˜mȌåm®
%$%#$#"#7& $
*k È‚ØqQˆ†‰çèz¾
Q:až`;>;ã
ž2Ÿ
?
4 ¡
?
.
?
¢
?
F£¤
?
¥¦¦
%
&|&();>?
?
і
#7%%77&
!
?
"
! ?
*k È«—`P朝=
!
?qÂp]çèrG¾qQQØqQã‰óå
!
8h«:až`
ÅêhgNOqQ
!
—°…Œê¥‚¡¯‰Š‹
$
…†‰ØqQ㈆k8}RU

 ¡k%3Ë̘†ˆ
…†‰éÚdà
$
£ãØqQˆ†‰ªêQdà

È†‰çèz¾k:až`
!
n-¦è3­*k ÈØ
qQˆ†;>v&†‰Åˆ
!
8#aÈ†£\_`Ž&†noÍQņ
$
#$%
" ?
È†
#
ØqQˆ†
#
çèz¾
#
:až`
&()*
! &8#"18???
+,-./
! ,???
+01*
! #%%# 68!"""$%#$##$ 6%%:7 6%"
E.@#.:")%$0(*-"&9 E.*")#-#")();I.2(@#"&($E./5")/./
"0+")#0.&I(&JI..-$./-" Z")2"/-M"$(-#$./
&/ID-FT3I?-FLFIDR3ID?OCHIDNFHI?C3I =G3\G?OG/+/IDB/ID
%S-3-+ 9(/6-+)-3;)8$75/01/($&,(5F)-$+)$&?:#+4)#.+ #7%%77&
7,/-&(*-" ?i30ZFID/I BC3/0WH4B/SZA34CHIFQAB/S34/DIFm3/V/SQWS/ABC3C/QBHIV I/IC/QBR0HIBQ! BC3RCZB/RCHD/GQ
FIQ34BQ4HI P3CHUF/SH0Z/SF3IBHB3BC3C/QBBS33QSHRFV0ZB/AFBFDHB3BC3FIW0G3I43WS/AV3BFA3IBH03IUFS/IA3IBH0FARH4BQ5
.HSF/GQI/IC/QBU/0HBF03QAHZ3^3SBB/VFW3S3IBV3DS33QS3R303IB3W34BQWS/A I/IC/QBCHPFBHB! QR34F3QHIV GIQGFBHP03
C/QBQ5(I BCFQRHR3S! T3S3UF3T3V BC34HB3D/SZHIV WGI4BF/IQ/WBC3I/IC/QBU/0HBF03Q! /0WH4B/SZS34/DIFBF/I PZ
3034BS/RCZQF/0/DF4H0A3HIQHQT30HQBC3P3CHUF/SH0S3QR/IQ3Q/WBC34/IFW3SPHSE P33B03QB/I/IC/QBU/0HBF03Q5BC3VFS34BF/I W/SS3Q3HS4C HIV R/B3IBFH0GQ3/WI/IC/QBU/0HBF03QFI 4/IFW3SPHSE P33B03AHIHD3A3IBFI CFIHT3S3RGB
W/STHSV5
8.9 :"&;/" ?PHSE P33B03Q# I/IC/QBU/0HBF03Q# /0WH4B/SZS34/DIFBF/I# P3CHUF/SH0S3QR/IQ3Q
? ?
 È † î W ë 2
% /03/RB3SH&
C – (
%GS4G0F/IFVH3&
Èð(
% &4/0ZBFIH3&
݆‰c“
!
é®[ƒq
$$%
ï
!; %%%
¡xy
%J//V! #:";&$
0
3´™
9%%

!#$%
b¡`é†R
%
ÐÛuI
!
$%##&!
ž=¸b]SÈ
%*B&,5B/4(B#.&&
jkl
] S  È
% *! &.D$3/+4,.&&
¤  Ð  È
%L$+8(/),/+.&63$+&&
 < â ¦  È
% "/7-).&
B-+-B$(8&
I¡æ†Rê4ÒÐ
$
È†î&²2
†‰6%V?æ¯
!
‚i¬$‰*k Î2âaA
V
$
41

ŸD

/ËQëk2†Iꥊ‹ ò€
k8¦VÈ†‰Ò2
!
‚žììk†*1
!
…
¼~*AV‰SôQRSÎÏ
%J3SA30FID3S! $%%!#
eF0P3SB$,3!$%%9&!
†äL†ø2M&ÇV?‰s
·š*Q?‰s‡
!
ÐÐV¦RSÿ!=
X
$
‰a
bu
%gGSm$,3!$%%"#
ìÞ
! $%##&$
бâÈ†aíë9
!
É*ëQV262f
KîÿÒ1‰qQ¡æ
%J//V! #:"$# g303Z$,3!
#::"&$
È†\]qQ¤r½³«ë%+¿&
=
!
«ž—`P抋qQ‰œ=
!
Äìݹ‰î
ØqQä…\]‰qQkžóå
$
È†‚qQ‰
q›î6%»·‰œ
!
DZ3ÉmG
%,BEFIQ!
#:;;&
Q©/CÝ¿ÿä~ã¿óI…Œê¥Š‹
‰Ç?
%2HC0QB3I! #:"$# MGP3S$,3!#:::&!
È†
„…kä‚qQQØqQãUKyüõR6ÿ;
‰:až`
!
hNOqQ
%>Z3SQ$,3!$%%%&$
«
|%œ=
!
Ú&ØqQkÉî/±ŽN‰qQŽ
9Q
%
ä
&
‚ØqQUKyü‰…’‹9£\ž`
$
ØqQˆ†…¼‚MSe
%
[È†
&

!
‚a
be
%
[ØqQä†#;<¡
&
LqŒ
!
îk8V¦
È††”qQ‰r€
!
’k8ÚeÈ†‚Øq
& ( )
!"
"
?
Qã‰Ò2
$
êU
!
ØqQˆ†ûq¡8¥‰

%OCHID$,3!$%%!&$
—`Pæߊ‹qQ‰œîÈ†RВ=
Äҏ‰ÙÚ
!
è送¹
"%_
WÃüµ
%>/SV3I!
#::8# &4C0ZB3S$,3!#:::&!
êU
!
qQÔ՜î
È†RÝÄî@‰ä#
!
žÄ{‰:až`îç
肱¡q:aÐ9‰›\‚ö9̋‰Œ
%>HE3S! $%%"&$
}òJË̘
!
R%3Œà¢è
y5‘ŒÚ2
!
ØqQˆ†k8‚*k È†
õRéÚdਂ»62Rûq§¿
!

RSí‹
%34/0/DF4H0BSHV3[/W&
L?S¹56ÔՉ

$
}|%@A˜3ï
!
;>y5›\틉›ijî6%ÅjV?‰GH
%,DSHTH! $%##&!
¨‚
±—%㈆kWX‚ãë9݆Š‹‰;>
Lî݆
6
ã̆\›;>‰V?­þ
%2Z3S!
$%##&$
êU
!
‚*k ÈØqQˆ†‰;>…
¼òëáR`)QRS)‰†
!
†äLMq]±R
\›`f‰;>
$
1$3
!
87Ú()4aQ‰6
2;>-ð‚*k ÈØqQˆ†‰R)-
ÉQ`àŽIÅê&(6ÿ;;>
$
#?
*k ÈØqQˆ†‰ªêQdà
*k ÈØqQˆ†µ¶™k ˆ†Q
…\]qQ‰ˆ†
%
Ž
#&$
(q
>/SV3I%#::8&
Q
&4C0ZB3S
I
%#:::&
‚*k ÈqQÔ՜‰½
í
!
*k ÈbœóåyüŠ‹qQ‰œQ?µ
t(
7
%Ë̉ÔÕ
!
ŽRU

¡æk ²%3
$
$
%Ë̉ÔՂÈ†É±‹¹\]‰qQÛÃî
V?
$
‚*k È¨,
!
™k kgˆ†
%
Ž{
kˆ†
&
}RUËÌä¢ØqQ‰Ý«
!
™k ¦
‰ˆ†ä(ØqQ ¡
!
¨…\]qQ‰ˆ†
}%3Ë̘†ˆdà
%OCHID$,3!$%%!&$
2
<=
²³´9öýµ¶U·¸ae|¹º/
>(,?<=>2.*"AA"))")2"/-@"$(-#$./"0*")#0.&,(&J,..-$./();)(-3&($/"3&*.
ˆ†
./0HBF03Q
ØqQã
*/I C/QB
¡æ
&R34F3Q
Ÿg
>HSE
kg
-3HU3Q
…\]‰qQ
fIQGFBHP03C/QB
¥š
M3^HIH0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5!
ñ ï
;)$(QRR5!
Ȳ
ï
;3+.&QRR5
, ,
# 6
¥ 
#[C3^HI/0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5!
ñ ï
;)$(QRR5!
Ȳ
ï
;3+.&QRR5
, ,
ž
6$ 6
¥¡š
%2&[$[C3^3IH0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5
, ,
ž
6$ 6
¥¡ 
%2&[$[C3^3I/0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5
,
Í
67 6
¥¡ 
%P&[7[C3^3I/0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5
, ,
ž
67 6
¥¡ 
%2&[7[C3^3I/0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5
,
Í
6$ 6
¥¡ 
%P&[$[C3^3I/0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5
,
Í
67 6
Ÿ8k ò
%P&[7[C3^3IZ0H43BHB3
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5
,
< 
-FIH0//0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!

²ï
F7D.).&QRR5
,
7 6
ó 
7[/4BHI/0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5
,
# 6
ó¡
67 6
 
#[/4B3I[7[/0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5
,
ž
6
ôTš
+SHIQ[4/I/RCBC/SFI
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!
ñ 
ï
;)$(QRR5
,
fÅlАȿ:
Ȳï
;3+.&QRR5
,
¢–š
>3ImH0V3CZV3
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!
Ì÷ï
F/(D.&QRR5
,
˧š
&H0F4Z0H0VCZV3
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!
Ì÷ï
F/(D.&QRR5
,
¢– 
>3ImZ0H4/C/0
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!
Ì÷ï
F/(D.&QRR5
,
˧8–ò
Y3BCZ0QH0F4Z0HB3
Ȳï
;3+.&QRR5
,
õš
*/IHIH0
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!
ñ 
ï
;)$(QRR5!
Ȳï
;3+.&QRR5
,
! 6
¡µ/ö÷
![H0Z0HIFQ/03
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5
, ,
% 6& 6
¹ø¡¶
% 6&[U3SP3I/I3
£²ï
<$,.3 QRR5!
§ï
9/B.3.&QRR5!
ñ 
ï
;)$(QRR5
, ,
#!" 6
’ ù
#!"[4FI3/03
’ï
2.)35B,.&QRR5
, ,
!:
?!
#$
# úê”I
"
*k È‚ØqQˆ†‰çèz¾Q:až`;>;ã
»9ö¸ae
™k ˆ†6Ôk½a 

š

ò



ûü

ýæk&t›$
݆kŒà‰y5›\6
Ôîł½¾Gu±
$9%
þW±
7!% k
‰›
!
êU« ²
6
݆îÿ=†Rdà‰ˆ†9
›\бm±$
#;
s‰ 

š

¶æ

$
#9
s‰ý
æ›
$
#!
s‰8Qòæk$
#$
s‰¢µ¥
%OCHID$,3!$%%!&$
da6æ›)y5G
!
™k
 ˆ†«*k ÈqŠqQ‰œ=ò«RU
Ë̘†ˆéÚdà
!
êUÈ†Ç?z¾ßÚ&
±¡ØqQ™k `éab‰ˆ†
!
¨…îq¡
ØqQ‰ŽNˆ†
%i3VVZ$,3!$%%!&$
da*k ÈØqQ;>‚C
!
Ä쓉î
£²ï

§ïQñ ï‰ ²
$
*k ˆ†8—
ýæ›\aQ
!
¨™k ˆ†ü±‰î{kˆ
†
%DS33I 03HWU/0HBF03Q!e-.&!

67 6
¥¡/¡


Í
67 6
¥¡ 
%OCHID$,3!#:::&7 6
ó 
Q
# 6
ó¡
67 6
 I
%OCHID$,3!$%%%&!
WX«
*k ˆ†=‰tuØì/
$
†ä
!
;>Ž
"
™k ‰ŸgLòab{kˆ†
!
«£²ïQ§
gˆ†=†”‰
7 6
ó 
# 6
ó¡
67 6
 
$ 6
–/
67 6
¶¡
6$ 6
 kž
6
ôTš
%OCHID$,3!$%%%# $%%$&
†Zk8ÇGÈ†‚
y5¥‰ž`
$
¦¼½U·yzC¸ae
È†…¼?«RUË̘Ú&ØqQ
!
†ä
!
.?}qQ%3Ë̘o@ߋ¹Ä\]‰qQ%
3
$
;>Ž
"
øÈ†V2‰qQ ²k8ab
-¹ø¡¶Q
! 6
¡µ/ö÷Iy5›)G
%>/SV3I! #::8&$
‚±*k È
!
¹ø¡¶k8
daØ\]qQ‰yü
!
ä¢øYV‰qQ<,®
£´…Q
%>Z3SQ$,3!#:":# &4C0ZB3S$,3!#:":&!
¨
! 6
¡µ/ö÷kÉîä¢qQ ´ýÿ

…
QäõöÞþ艛)yü
%MHZI3Q$,3!#::!&$
;>Ž
"
S†2‰¸b
%9-)$ QRR5&
ÐuõR‰
—ýæG
#!" 6
’ ù
!
k8ÇG¸b]SÈ
‚LVy5¥‰ž`
%,IV3SQQ/I $,3!$%#%&$
»;
!
†#†R‰ž§¡È‰y5¥*½L
k8ŠaØ\]qQ‰yü
!
ÇG62È†‚L
Vy5¥‰ž`
%>Z3SQ! #::9&!
|LîÈ†Úe
ä©/¡a;<‰6¡%V
$ K/0HIV
I
%#::"&
b
œ:aR>l
$
%†#¡‰LVy5¥k8ÇG
¤ëАÈ
%L!(.0-B$++-&&
‚LVy5¥‰ž`
$
Ö¸Ñ@‰î
!
ØqQ‰kgQŸgˆ†
# 6
ó¡
67 6
 †äLÈ†‰öLVy5
¥
%g0FA3Bm3E $,3!#:":# KGS3QTHSHI $,3!$%%!&!
¨
$ 6
–/
67 6
¶¡
6$ 6
 …¼Ý«±™k ˆ
†=
!
LîiÚ±¡l ‰Q?ˆ†
%OCHID$,
3!$%%%&!
†ä.î¸b]SÈQÂ=Ñ"l
È
%*B&$(/&.&&
[†õR‰Q?LVy5¥*½€6
%>HEE3$,3!#:88# >HHV3S! #:":&$
»;
!
aÐ4
B+™‰*k ÈLVy5¥fÅlАÈ
%L!
0(/+,3-&&
¿:
%WS/IBH0FI&
QöLVy5¥¹ø¡¶
!
Lø†”Ý«±™k ˆ†=
%MGP3S$,3!
#:::&$
†2¸bõR‰
#! " 6
’ ùL
%2.)35.,.&QRR5&
k‰Q?ÀR°Éõ€6
%Y4-3HI $,3!$%%"&$
|¡”Ck8øºaî5
6Ô՜=›)RS‰6¡ í ‹
%,DSHTH!
$%##&$
«»·‰M&TU=
!
—6›\bì…
ÉՂNAa×Øy5‡
!
‘¡y5›\‰ŽN
Ê\ÅIkÍ5SìîÈ†z¾yü‰î@ê¥
%>SG43$,3!$%%9&!
êU
!
‚…\]qQab‰ˆ
†çèz¾‰;>…¼ûq`f@A
!
†äLî
&:aR>v`à;>‰/HTÞ
$
$?
*k È†‚ØqQˆ†‰çè

??
‚±Ý†
!
óå+\k8Ý«±¡¯Q—6
!SI
$
%Ë̘
%-3F$,3!$%%"&$
6Ôºa
!
ó
å½¾}óå‡Í4ˆ56
!
Ùó…ᆞõRŒ
°»·‰ó±
%/V/SR0GA3& %HSV3$,3!$%%"&!

ÈFIQ–"…˜‰óå¢S€MSó±#}‰ó
å½¾
!
ßÇçè¢S/ê\:ûc
$
j6¡óå
½¾v6%óå¢S€Œ\ä
!
Å`‰!SIˆÐ
ù‰çè=$†Í!Syü
!
«%®‘¡óåø£
\½í
% &F0P3SFID$,3!$%%"&$
Å`Â
!
}0R`
Ë̘Q?à
$
¡ÅÏ3‹uÈ†‚y5›‰ ç è z ¾
!
6 î à F I 0 O ÿ
%3034BS/HIB3II/DSHA! ),e&
äóŊ,
6
FI0O
[ à ÿ
% 4/GR03V DHQ 4CS/AHB/DSHRCZ[
3034BS/HIB3II/DSHRCF4V3B34BF/I! e[),2&
>Në(
FI«S¹Å`óåUKä0Oyü‰š›
$
»6
¡îà—ðp‹Œ
%QFID[430S34/SVFID! &i#
Lq
3d
QFID03[Q3IQF0GAS34/SVFID! &&i&
äóŊ,
6
—ðp‹Œ[àÿ
%4/GR03V DHQ4CS/AHB/DSHRCZ[
QFID03430S34/SVFID! e[&i&
>N—%çè¢S!
SI‰0R`ž`
!
§Y½í¢è!SI‚ûqÐ
9‰y5›)Gž`‰±Z9QŽ_9
$
OCHID
I
%$%%%# $%%#&e[),2
>PŽ
"
¸
b]SÈQVSÈ
%*!8.B3-),.&&
‰FIۂ
9:
& ( )
!"
"
?
ž
6
ôTš
# 6
¥ 

Í
67 6
¥¡
6# 6
 
7 6
ó Q
# 6
ó¡
67 6
 õRýN‰ž`
$
»;
!

<⦐ÈQe<⦐È
%"/7-).&7-+/(&
䓛
°*†L†Z‚|2ØqQˆ†‰JsQ]s õ
Rž`
!
Ô|
$
¡â¦È‚ž
6
ôTš8q
e[),2
ž`
%&4C0ZB3S$,3!$%%%&!
¨‚…\]q
Qab‰¹ø¡¶qè0ž`
% &4C0ZB3S$,3!
#:""# #::9# >Z3SQ$,3!#:":&$ MGP3S
I
%#:::&
†
”ž
6
ôTšk8§³iÚ
9
¡È‰
e[),2
ž`
!
»;
!
}˜i[‰ø¾ãn*‰ØqQ¦ˆ
†
!
µ¶¢–š

˧š

¢– 

õš

fÅlÐ
È¿:
%>/SV3I $,3!#::"# MGP3S$,3!#:::&
I‚›LАÈ
%L!B/+8$(/&$&
IŸ¡iډ*k
 ÈLqFI0OÐ9
%MGP3S$,3!$%%%&!
Ô
î
!
|2:›&t›\QJÃùsšÁ§³Ÿ
¡S>7ðÈ‰FI0OÐ9
%OCHID! $%%%&$
e[),2
>P=
!
ØqQ‰kgˆ†
%
{kˆ†


k/µ¶
&
QŸgˆ†
%
]s Qž
6
ôT

&
¹ø¡¶
%
…\]qQyü
&
ÍI
6
¹øš
¡ 
%
ž§È†‰y5¥*½
&
Ûò§³jkl
]SÈ‰0R`ž`
%OCHID$,3!$%%8&$
Œ à
e[&i
 Ž
! +AA3S‚Q% #:": &
Q
+AA3S‚Q
I
% #:": &
† ” & š ˆ (  È
%"(5B/8$+8(/+ 3-+$,.7&
Q¸b]SÈ‰62ð
pɂØqQˆ†õRž`
$ eG3SS3S/
I
%#::8&
Æ,(
"/7-).&8$&,(.$+&
‚ØqQ’ ¦=‰¢–
 q
&i
ž`
$ ,IV3SQQ/I
I
%$%%:&
!6Àà
&&i
‹Œ(È†%3‰çè¢S!SI‚ØqQˆ†
‰¢™Þ
!
PY5Ô(¸b]SÈ
#9%
%çè
¢€‚y5¥

qQˆ†QØqQˆ†‰ž`
!
õRè0ž`‰
#%;
%çè¢S!SI=
!
1
#]!
‚ØqQˆ†õRž`
!
\6]¶8*k a
ë‰Ý†¢™™k ˆ†‰V?9
!
žH(Øq
Qˆ†«RSQ\›=‰V?@A
$
—ðp‹Œ
‰ŒLl(*k È‚ØqQˆ†«0R
`Q:aË̘ž`‰6‚9
$
«:aR>=
!7
¡{kˆ†
# 6
¥ 

ž
6$ 6
¥¡ QÍ
67 6
¥¡ —†àÛk8—°y5¥‚¸b]SÈ
‰¿Vu
!
U—°ËÌÅ1
$
Ô|
7
¡{kˆ†
‰Ê\‚¸b]SÈLV‰ÇGßÁVè
!
|¡”C
!
ø“a
-
b
.%S3VGIVHI4Z&%OCHID$,3!
! $%%!&$
«
&&i
>P=
!
¸b]SÈ)66%‚
|
7
¡{kˆ†¡¢‰çè¢S!SI‚|
7
¡
{kˆ†‰¡¢£LÅ1
!
Ž¸b]SÈ«
R`Ë̘…É"¾|
7
¡ˆ†
!
#¶(:a
R>=‰b”C
%,IV3SQQ/I $,3!$%%:&$
6Ô3¶
!
çè¢S!SIûq6N‰Ž_9
!
ɂ6¡äŸ¡›\õRž`
!
ÔLq62çè
¢S!SIûq6NC,9
$
ž€
!
$¡›\b
ìòKЅ’6¡çè¢S!SI
$
bìºa
!
Ð
±âÈ†FI˜‰çèðp
%
äçè¢S!S
I
&
à-Ék®½a8–Ÿ¡æç
" #&
µ£Ž›ç
!
[æ¦{ESÈ
%*!B()/+0.&.&&
Q@ÄVS
È
%*!B-+-&
‰62çèðpɂÈÚ¡ ‰6¡
_°3õRŽ_9ž`
# $&
y5¥¡¢ç
!
k8†
䂞§V:äéÚ:õRž`
!
[fÅlА
ȉ¿:ðp
!
|¡ðpÃ/q
$
¡S3
!
$6¡‚
`fÅlАȿ:‰6¡_°3
# 7&
±-Éç
!
‚qQˆ†õRž`
!
†äL«6N£˜‚y
5¥qž`
%>Z3SQ! #::9&$
7JQiڂØqQ
ˆ†‰;>’Ë¢(!
!
¡çè¢Sðp‰Ý
«
***
ØqQˆ†¡¢çðp
%OCHID$,3!
$%%%# ,IV3SQQ/I $,3!$%%:&$
7?
*k È†‚ØqQˆ†‰:a
ž`
??
v0R`ž`‰Œ6‚
!
«d;:aR>=
!
´Slq
$%
±¡Èk8‚ØqQˆ†õR
ž`
%OCHID$,3!$%%!&$
daÄ쓉ØqQˆ†
!
{kˆ†k8
ÇG62*k È‚y5¥QqQˆ†‰ž
`
!
[
" # 6
¥ Q¥šk—°fÅlАÈ

fg
lSÈ
%*!4(+8-)/3-&&
QګĐSÈ
%*!
6.3&.&&
‚‘5y5¥‰LVž`
%2F4E3IQ$,3!
#::$&!
Í
67 6
¥¡
6# 6
 

ž
6$ 6
¥¡
6# 6
 
Q
# 6
¥ ÉZ—°ÚS̐È
%9-,5/4$+$&
D-8$+,,.&&
‚žLVy5¥ÍI
6
¹øš¡ Q¿
"¡ ‰LVž`
%OCHID$,3!$%%%&$
{kˆ†
‰šæQòæ8qZ~—°<⦐Èy5¥
‰¿Vu
!
Ԟ§q0R`Ð9‰{k æ‰ÊæZ~ÂÇG(<⦐Èy5¥‰¿Vdà
%OCHID$,3!$%%%&!K/0HIV
I
%$%%%&
‚<â¦
ÈiÚ¡¯‰PYL¸-(†Z‰Œf
$
»;
!
ØqQ ¦‰ˆ†
!
[&t›!
L†Zk8
Š‹È†‰LV:a
$ eG3SS3S/
I
%#::8&
àµg
€ab
% 8%% AD(V
6#
&
‰¢– *-©Ç(
"!
8$&,(.$+&
‚qQ‰Ò2
$
õš

½5š

¢– Q
# 6
󠉱¡Ê\Ûk8Š‹›LАȂy5
¥‰ž`
%>/SV3I $,3!#::"&$ K/0HIV
I
%$%%:&
l
«Ú3=BgÂ"
!# 6
ó¡
67 6
 k8*-Â
;:
?!
#$
# úê”I
"
*k È‚ØqQˆ†‰çèz¾Q:až`;>;ã
‘Ú@ÄVSÈ
$
# 6
¥ 

Í
67 6
¥¡
6# 6
 
7 6
ó Q
# 6
ó¡
67 6
 k8ÇGVSÈ
%OCHID$,3!$%%#&
Q<⦐È
%K/0HIV $,3!$%%!&
‰LV
!
ž
6
ôTš

Jsk]s æ{kˆ†k8Z~Ç
G¸b]SÈ‚LVy5¥‰ž`
%OCHID$,3!
$%%!&$ JF0Q/I
I
%#::;&
Έ
# 6
¥ 
d
Í
6$ 6
¥
¡
6# 6
 
d
ž
67 6
¥¡
606
 
d
Í
67 6
¥¡
6
# 6
 *-©/(›LАȂ’š§¿:‰q
QŸl
%9-+.&)/+,/(, UHS53,-0/3-&
‰Ò2
$
da*k È`é`à‰6¡öLVy5›
!
¹ø¡¶î«:aR>=ìà‰*½€6
$
<3BFD
I
%$%%"&
Œà¹ø¡¶Q
"
¡™k ˆ†
*-©/(BlАÈ
%L!D($6-)/7-&&
‚Ÿl
‰Ò2
!
ߗ°( ²‰èé€
$ <3BFD
I
%$%%:H&
‚BlАȉ?uPYŽ
"
—†à¹ø¡¶
þjq©Çž‚Ÿl‰Ò2
!
JQ[\†àµ
abg€‰¹ø¡¶Qž§y5›!
ߌ\£
\_`€
$ ,IV3SQQ/I
I
%$%#%&

#!" 6
’ 
ùk8ÇG¸b]SÈ‚LVy5¥‰ž`
$
ú
ê”
%$%##&
bœ©a:aR>l¹ø¡¶

ž
6
ôTš

Í
67 6
¥¡
6# 6
 
7
¡›\‰—Ê
½ÛZ~ÇG(jkl]SÈ‚LVy5¥‰
ž`
$
»;
!
:aR>Ll(È†‚†#;<¡
y5¥‰ž`
!
Ú¸bBÈ
%L(5/)/$3$&0D$(&
‰
y5¥
% d&[3^/[
Q
% d&[3IV/[PS3UF4/AFI %8 6
Ÿ/
69 6
–/
6;!" 6
Ú:$T
+71$1#,
ó*
&
k8—
°†#;<¡¤ëАȵ
"8_
‰¿Vu
!
¨»
6%†#¡Ð¸SÈ
%*!,(-8$+&&
‰LVy5¥*
½ÈÚ¡ Lk8—°¤ëАÈ
"9_
‰¿K
u
%K/0HIV $,3!#::"&$
!?
ØqQˆ†«&Rõ=‰`àv
Êj
??
}`fvX×Ō\‰I£
!
‚±È†qQ
Ô՜‰;>î&†y5›\?ՐȆŽ
‰î@TÞ
%&4C0ZB3S$,3!#:::&!
‚ØqQˆ†
‰;>\6]ëá(È†£\_`Ë̉nµ
$
1$3
!
7JQiڕ«
$
%ň˜&(Øq
Qˆ†`àŽ;>v&†
$
6¡î—†àØ
qQˆ†daéÚ:
!
Ú3à`r7?¹ø¡¶
? u › L Ð  È k – / T ¥ ¡ ¶
%A3BCZ04Z40/C3^3I/I3! YM&
?uxbАÈ
%L!
B&$.8/,&.4$&
’ 0 * -
% eF03B3S$,3! $%%:H#
$%%:P&$
»6¡ÅÏîLVy5¥§¿:vØq
Qˆ†éÚ:[\†à‰
-
ë
6
¦
.
%V
% RGQC[
RG0BH4BF4&!
Ú3¦Œ%+ðà|¡ÅÏ*-ÂÕ
G(æ¦{ESÈ‰k†
%//E $,3!$%%8 &$
»;
!>/SV3I
I
%$%%;&
«›LАÈ?u=l
"
¹ø¡¶vy5¥Œ\`à‰
-
ë
6
¦
.
%V?ñ
±—4ày5¥
%-
¦
.&
‰
$
«ÐuPYQX
׉/H˜
!
¹ø¡¶´SøÑ,a›LАÈQ
fÅlАȉRÀ@
%<3BFD$,3!$%%:P&!
a
ØqQˆ†«&Rõ=‰`à--(ÃîV?
‰6]
$
È†‚ØqQ‰z¾î6%»·‰R`R›
Q›)RSœ
!
‡ä
!
«RÜ#å´&(þ±n
d
!
0¸62im./‰;>Œ
!
Ô¯q¢±0W
r±\6]Ë¢
$
î±\6];>‰Åˆ
!OCHID
I
%$%%!&
n-(+¿&=qQvØqQˆ†‰
56abg€váSš›
!
…†ØqQˆ†kž
+\‰dà>P
!
…šØqQˆ†‰abÅI
8V¦qÇGª«
!
Nß½í&½=ž§qr
3ˆ†‰-
!
ØqQçèyüvž§¢è£dà½í
!
bœ0R`Ž;>—%¢è!SI‰
±Z9QŽ_9k=$!Sÿ!‰ë!
¿ÿ‚Ø
qQˆ†‰ž`I­þ
$
(q±$‚È†y5
›\`àŽ‰;>kX×nd‰SY
!
^eJ
Q«¦è3E\d

&`à/H;>‰/H˜
!
«
&Xץ꘦è8–
$
%Åê‰;>
$
#&
È†y5›\‰abQ:až`ÛS
Â`O¬QqQ¡æ8kjäjÂRSTUIê¥
BŠ‹
%YF03S$,3!#::;# &/ID$,3!$%##&!
Øq
Qˆ†‰L†ZÝ«^_
%>/SV3I $,3!
$%%;&$
03‚È†y5›\‰;>&Ò
‰
!
kY‰î«v7Ú<4\d‰/H˜
!
±¡*k
 Èy5¥‰`à/H;>†Òh
$

!
«
&

ÄÑ

LB

iyIÂÛq*-`à±&R
õ‰ª5
$
¨ÈØqQˆ†Ü#‰;>«03
È!!³]
%
8ê1I
! $%#%#
2œ›I
! $%###
ú
ê”
! $%###
Š[I
! $%##&!
`Œ\8By5¥‰
*-SY
!
¦è
-
ë
6
¦
.
%Vvž§£\?u€
‰£\`àŽ;>
!
ëáØqQˆ†«*k 
È£\_`=‰`à
$
$&
PYv`àl
"
ØqQˆ†à±*k 
È£\_`
!
žŒ()¨k]
$
¨y5›Æž\\Ðê4ª«­`à
!
êU
!
«`à¥êü`
R†‡jJË̉í®
%JFBmDH0$,3!$%#%&$
Â
`y5ÿ!
%D3/DSHRCF4FIW/SAHBF/I QZQB3A! e(&&
k
8:
& ( )
!"
"
?
8}Â"%£˜0*Q;<݆¡¯âq
!
½íž
äÙáS
!
êU
!
`RΈ
e(&!
¦è«jJË̘
`àØqQˆ†&*k È?Õnd‰
;>
$
󝙵

—ËEI‰š›

12¿ó¨†Ié
$󑚛
!
†2†?Õ*a61,8A3‰†Ô
%
ìÞ
! $%##&$
µ¶ØqQˆ†«­‰y5›
!
daЪ«­&2†k”O_`‰qiÚ
%JFBmDH0$,3!$%#%&!
ò„ò«©Çé$󑚛
‰Š‹
!
ó\RS½éQ4ë½é‰œ=†ˆV
?dà
$
Éq«›)4

݆)4Qã
%
µ¶M
&
&
wxnde‰bÞ\d–
!
ÈÉak”O2†
_`noRõ˜dlj

\à‰ŽÅ5
$
Z [ + ,
8ê1
!
—
?
H
!
xЯ
5$%#%5
ØqQˆ†‚*k È†d
à‰;>5
&();>
! $7%;& " ":9 6:%!5
ì
?
Þ
5$%##5
`‚é$󑚛‰Ý†);>
5
`à݆)Æ
!
!"%9& " ###8 6##$$5
2œ›
!
ÇTÌ
!
–›J
!
I
5$%##5
*k È‚ØqQ㈆
‰:až`kž`à
5
«i&Ð))Æ
! 7: % " & " #%;
6#%:5
úê”
5$%##5
N¡È†qQÔÕrG;>
5
і
"
«i¡ªÐ
)GÂ)Of”
5
ÐÛu
!
^Ó
!
ý3†
!
I
5$%##5
ÈLVy5¥;>v`à‰
5
­‚&(
!78%7& " 99 6;%5
Š
?
[
!
AW–
!
—
?
H
5$%##5
¸b]SÈ‚qQ

ØqQã
‰çèž`k†Rr`
5
&(
!7;%7& " #: 6$$5
,DSHTH, ,5$%##5*3TQZIBC3QFQ*BSHV3[/WQFI 4C3AF4H034/0/DZ5
N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! 78%#& " $7% 6$7#5
,IV3SQQ/I Y *! -HSQQ/I Y ! >0Hm3I34Y! $,3!$%#%5K3SFRC3SH0
A/VG0HBF/I /WRC3S/A/I3S3QR/IQ3PZFICFPFB/SZC/QB4/AR/GIV FI H
P33B035N/GSIH0/W)^R3SFA3IBH0>F/0/DZ! $#7%#:& " 777$ 6777:5
,IV3SQQ/I Y *! -HSQQ/I Y ! &4C0ZB3S<5$%%:5 &R34FWF4FBZHIV
S3VGIVHI4Z FI BC3 /0WH4B/SZ QZQB3A /WBC3 PHSE P33B03 *B&
,5B/4(B#.&" &FID[430 S3QR/IQ3QB/34/0/DF4H0ZS303UHIB/V/SQ5
N/GSIH0/W(IQ34BKCZQF/0/DZ! 99" 99; 69;85
,BEFIQY 25#:;;5>3CHUF/SH0UHSFHBF/I HA/IDF)/35,-8&FI S30HBF/I B/
BC3FSCHPFBHB5HIHVFHI )IB/A/0/DFQB! :"%7& " $"9 6$""5
>HHV3S)N5#:":59-,5/4$+$&QRR5%/05! &4/0ZBFVH3& " FIU3QBFDHBF/IQ
/I Q3AF/4C3AF4H0QHIV BC3FSHRR0F4HBF/I FI W/S3QBRS/B34BF/I5N/GSIH0
/W,RR0F3V )IB/A/0/DZ! #%8%#& " # 67#5
>HE3S+5$%%"5>H0HI43V /0WH4B/SZHIBHD/IFQA HQH4/I43RBW/S
GIV3SQBHIVFID3U/0GBF/IHSZQCFWBQFI A/BC Q3^ RC3S/A/I3P03IVQ5
N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! 7!%8& " :8# 6:"#5
>HEE3,! RC3S/A/IH0 4/AR/GIV FQ/0HB3V WS/A *B& ,5B/4(B#.&!
*HBGSTFQQ3IQ4CHWB3I! ;!%$& " :"5
>/SV3I NM5#::852FQSGRBF/I /WQ3AF/4C3AF4H0[A3VFHB3V HDDS3DHBF/I FI
PHSE P33B03Q]]HSV3i+! YFIEQ,g5KC3S/A/I3i3Q3HS4C" *3T
2FS34BF/IQ5CHRAHI HIV MH0! *3T=/SE! !$# 6!7"5
>/SV3I NM! >FSAFIDCHA,-! >GS03FDC N&5$%%;5)UH0GHBF/I /WBC3
RGQC[RG0BH4BF4HDHFIQBBC3A/GIBHFI RFI3P33B03GQFIDU3SP3I/I3
HIV I/I[C/QBU/0HBF03QFI 4/APFIHBF/I TFBC RC3S/A/I3[PHFB3V BS33Q5
+C3>/SV3I NM! JF0Q/I (Y! eSF3Qi! $,3!#::"5./0HBF03QWS/ABC3PHSE
/WBS3AP0FIDHQR3I! 9/B.3.&,($7.3/-8$&YF4C 5^ % &H0F4H43H3&
VFQSGRBQ34/IVHSZ HBSH4BF/I PZ BC3 A/GIBHFI RFI3 P33B03!
L$+8(/),/+.& B/+8$(/&$ M/REFIQ % /03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3&5
C3A/34/0/DZ! "%$& " ;: 6895
>SG43+N,! JHVCHAQ-N! J//V4/4E Y5$%%95(IQ34BC/QB0/4HBF/I"
HU/0HBF03QFBGHBF/I5+S3IVQFI K0HIB&4F3I43! #%%;& " $;: 6$8!5
>Z3SQN,5#::95M/QBBS334C3AFQBSZHW34BFID4/0/IFmHBF/I FI PHSE
P33B03Q]]HSV3i+! >30J N5C3AF4H0)4/0/DZ/W(IQ34BQ$5
CHRAHI oMH0! *3T=/SE! #9! 6$#75
>Z3SQN,! -HII3> &! -/W\UFQBN5#:":5 M/QB[BS33GIQGFBHPF0FBZ
S34/DIFm3V PZRFI3QC//BP33B03QFI W0FDCB5)^R3SF3IBFH! !9" !":
6!:$5
>Z3SQN,! OCHIDhM! >FSD3SQQ/I e5$%%%5&BSHB3DF3Q/WHPHSE P33B03!
9-,5/4$+$& D-8$+,,.&! FI HI /0WH4B/SZ 0HIVQ4HR35
*HBGSTFQQ3IQ4CHWB3I! "8%##& " 9%7 69%85
HSV3i+! JF0FQY,5$%%"5*HUFDHBF/IH0QBSHB3DF3QGQ3V PZFIQ34BQB/
WFIV VFQBHIB! TFIV[P/SI3Q/GS43Q/W/V/S5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0
)4/0/DZ! 7!%8& " "9! 6";;5
//E & Y! gCHI Oi! KF4E3BN,5$%%85+C3GQ3/WRGQCRG0QBSHB3DF3Q
FI FIB3DSHB3V R3QBAHIHD3A3IB5,IIGH0i3UF3T/W)IB/A/0/DZ! 9$"
789 6!%%5
2HC0QB3I 2-5#:"$5i30HBF/IQCFR P3BT33I PHSE P33B03QHIV BC3FSIHBGSH0
3I3AF3Q]]YFB/I N>! &BGSD3/I g >5 >HSE >33B03QFI */SBC
,A3SF4HI /IFW3SQ" ,&ZQB3AW/SBC3&BGVZ/W)U/0GBF/IHSZ>F/0/DZ5
fIFU3SQFBZ/W+3^HQKS3QQ! ,GQBFI! #!% 6#"$5
2F4E3IQN! >F0FIDQi FIB3SSGRBHDDS3DHBF/I RC3S/A/I3S3QR/IQ3FI PHSE P33B03QFIW34BFID
RFI3Q5)^R3SF3IBFH! !"%9& " 9$7 69$!5
2Z3S-,5$%##5*3TQZIBC3QFQ*PH4E B/BC3WGBGS3" *3THRRS/H4C3Q
HIV VFS34BF/IQFI 4C3AF4H0QBGVF3Q/W4/3U/0GBF/I5 N/GSIH0/W
C3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! 78%8& " ;;:5
<3BFD N! 2HPI3Z K! Y4E30U3Z& i! $,3! $%%"5*/IC/QB
HIDF/QR3SA U/0HBF03QHIV U3SP3I/I3RS/B34BFIVFUFVGH0R/IV3S/QH
RFI3QWS/AHBH4E PZT3QB3SI RFI3P33B03HIV S3V +GSR3IBFI3>33B03
%/03/RB3SH" GS4G0F/IFVH3! &4/0ZBFIH3&5J3QBN,RR0%#& " !% 6!95
<3BFDN! Y4g30U3Z& i! >/SZQi i! $,3!$%%:P5)WF4H4Z/W
U3SP3I/I3W/SRS/B34BFIDR/IV3S/QHRFI3QBHIVQWS/A T3QB3SI RFI3
P33B03%/03/RB3SH" GS4G0F/IFVH3" &4/0ZBFIH3& HBH4E FI H0FW/SIFH5
<3BFDN! Y4g30U3Z& i! 2HPI3ZK! $,3!$%%:H5i3QR/IQ3/W
L$+8(/),/+.&D($6-)/7-&B/ VFW3S3IBS303HQ3 SHB3Q /W I/IC/QB
HIDF/QR3SAU/0HBF03QHIV U3SP3I/I3FI BSHRRFIDHIV BS33RS/B34BF/I
QBGVF3Q5N/GSIH0/W,RR0F3V )IB/A/0/DZ! #77%$& " #!7 6#9!5
eF0P3SBY! *HD303FQ3I -Y! S3U3H00HSD3[Q4H03QRHBFH0RHB3SIQHIV FIW0G3I43Q/WQFB3WH4B/SQ!
W/S3QBQBSG4BGS3HIV VFU3SQFBZFI 3IV3AF4PHSE[P33B03R/RG0HBF/IQ5
-HIVQ4HR3)4/0/DZ! $%" 79 6!:5
":
?!
#$
# úê”I
"
*k È‚ØqQˆ†‰çèz¾Q:až`;>;ã
eF03B3*)! Y3CA30N! J3PQB3SN*! $,3!$%%:P5,3SFH0ZHRR0F3V
A3BCZ04Z40/C3^3I/I3[S303HQFIDW0HE3QRS/B34B9&$.8/,&.4 7$+?-$&-
QBHIVQWS/AHBH4E PZL$+8(/),/+.&B&$.8/,&.4$!YHIHD3A3IB! $98%$& " #$7# 6#$7;5
eF03B3*)! )SP0DFI *! J3PQB3SN*! $,3!$%%:H5,3SFH0ZHRR0F3V
U3SP3I/I3[S303HQFID0HAFIHB3V W0HE3QRS/B34B9-+.&)/+,/(, QBHIVQ
WS/AHBH4E PZL$+8(/),/+.&B/+8$(/&$FI H0FW/SIFHHIV (VHC/5
eG3SS3S/,! <3F^HQN! KHqHS3QN! $,3!#::85&3AF/4C3AF4H0ZFIVG43V
FICFPFBF/I /WP3CHUF/GS/W"/7-).&8$&,(.$+&%J/0& %/03/RB3SH"
&4/0ZBFVH3&5*HBGSTFQQ3IQ4CHWB3I! "!" #99 6#985
MHZI3QN-! &BS/A>-! i/B/I -Y! $,3!#::!5+T/RC3S/A/I3Q/W
4/IFW3S/RCHD/GQ PHSE P33B03Q W/GIV FI BC3 PHSE /W I/IC/QB
HIDF/QR3SAQ5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! $9%!& " "%9 6"#;5
MGP3S2KJ! eSF3Qi! >/SV3I NM! $,3!$%%%5,QGSU3Z/WHIB3IIH0
S3QR/IQ3Q PZ WFU3S QR34F3Q /W 4/IFW3S/RCHD/GQ PHSE P33B03Q
%/03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3& B/ PHSE U/0HBF03Q/WQF^ QR34F3Q/W
HIDF/QR3SABS33Q5C3A/34/0/DZ! #%%7& " #%7 6##75
MGP3S2KJ! eSF3Qi! >/SV3I NM! $,3!#:::5+T/RC3S/A/I3Q/W
4/IFW3S/RCHD/GQ PHSE P33B03Q W/GIV FI BC3 PHSE /W I/IC/QB
HIDF/QR3SAQ5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! $9%!& " "%9 6"#;5
g303Z& +! 25#::"5(QQR34FH0FmHBF/I HV3HV 3IV) +C3
RCZ0/D3IZ/WC/QBGQ3FI L$+8(/),/+.&PHSE P33B03Q% &4/0ZBFVH3&5
)U/0GBF/I! ;%9$& " #87# 6#8!75
g0FA3Bm3E 2! g{C03SN! gS/CI &!$,3!#:":52HQRC3S/A/I3[QZQB3AV3Q
TH0VS3P3I[P/SE3IEW3SQ! [53/)3$B,$&D-&B-+.&!N/GSIH0/W,RR0F3V
)IB/A/0/DZ! #%8%# 69& " 7%! 67%:5
gGSmJ ,! 2ZA/IV ! &BFIQ/I e! $,3!$%%"5Y/GIBHFI RFI3P33B03
HIV W/S3QB4HSP/I W33VPH4E B/40FAHB34CHID35*HBGS3! !9$%8#:%& "
:"8 6::%5
-3FM! .F4E3SQ*5$%%"53IBSH0RS/43QQFID/WIHBGSH0/V/SAF^BGS3QFI
(IQ34BQ5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! 7!%8& " :#9 6:$85
Y4-3HI &! >SHIV/I &! >/Z03i i! $,3!$%%"523U30/RA3IB/W
B/03SHI43B/BC3VF3BHSZR0HIBQ34/IVHSZA3BHP/0FB3#!"[4FI3/03PZBC3
>SGQCBHF0K/QQGA % "(-)#/&.(.&6.3B$).3 &5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0
)4/0/DZ! 7!%9& " ;8$ 6;"%5
YF03S2i! >/SV3I NM! &03QQ/Sg*5#::;5)IHIBF/QR34FWF4RC3S/A/I3
RS/VG4BF/I HIV RS/WF03QW/SR/RG0HBF/IQ/WRFI33IDSHU3S! *B&B-+-
% &HZ& %/03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3& ! FI >SFBFQC 4/0GAPFH5N/GSIH0/W
C3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! $$%##& " $#98 6$#8$5
K/0HIV +Y! >/SV3I NM5#::"52FQSGRBF/I /WQ34/IVHSZHBSH4BF/I /WBC3
QRSG43P33B03! L$+8(/),/+.&(.0-B$++-&! PZ RC3S/A/I3Q/WBT/
QZARHBSF4QR34F3Q5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! $! % # & " #9#
6#;;5
K/0HIV +Y! MHH4E i,5$%%%5KFI3QC//BP33B03! "/7-).&B-+-B$(8
%/03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3& ! S3QR/IQ3QB/4/AA/I DS33I 03HWU/0HBF03Q5
N/GSIH0/W,RR0F3V )IB/A/0/DZ! #$!%$& " ;7 6;:5
K/0HIV + Y! 23eS//BK! >GSE3 &! $,3! $%%!5 &3AF/4C3AF4H0
VFQSGRBF/I /WBC3KFI3&C//B>33B03! "/7-).&B-+-B$(8 %/03/RB3SH"
&4/0ZBFVH3&5)IUFS/IA3IBH0)IB/A/0/DZ! 77%$& " $$# 6$$;5
K/0HIV +Y! KGS3QTHSHI 2&! FHSHAFBHS/+Y! $,3!$%%:1#[/4B3I[7[
/0FQS3R303IBB/*B&B-+-%/03/RB3SH" GS4G0FIFVH3" &4/0ZBFIH3& FI
BC3AFVT3QB3SI fIFB3V &BHB3Q5HIHVFHI )IB/A/0/DFQB! #!# % $ & "
#9" 6#;%5
KGS3QTHSHI 2 &! eSF3Qi! >/SV3I N M5 $%%!5 *3T S3R303IB
Q3AF/4C3AF4H0QW/SBCS33QR34F3Q/WL$+8(/),/+.&% /03/RB3SH"
&4/0ZBFVH3&5C3A/34/0/DZ! #!%$& " ;8 6895
i3VVZe.K! eG3SS3S/,5$%%!5(IB3SH4BF/IQ/WFIQ34BRC3S/A/I3QHIV
R0HIBQ3AF/4C3AF4H0Q5+S3IVQFI K0HIB&4F3I43! :%9& " $97 6$;#5
&4C0ZB3SFSD3SQQ/I e5#:::5g5 KC3S/A/I3Q /W*/I[-3RFV/RB3SHI (IQ34BQ ,QQ/4FHB3V TFBC
,DSF4G0BGSH0K0HIBQ! ,> (IB3SIHBF/IH0! JH0FIDW/SV! fg! ##7
6#!"5
&4C0ZB3SZ3SQN,! -/W\UFQBN! $,35#:""5i3VG4BF/I /WHBH4E
V3IQFBZ/WBC3PHSE P33B03Q*B&,5B/4(B#.&HIV "/7-).&B-+-B$(8 /I
C/QBPHSE PZU3SP3I/I3FICFPFBF/I /WHBSH4BF/I B/RC3S/A/I3HIV C/QB
EHFS/A/I3
&
KHZI3+ -! &HHS3IAHHM5(IB3SDSHB3V /IBS/0/W
&4/0ZBFV >HSE >33B03Q5KS/433VFIDQ/WBC3(f>HSE >33B03Q&ZAR/QFGA5>0H4EQPGSD" .FSDFIFH+34C KS3QQ! 97
6;"5
&4C0ZB3SFSD3SQQ/I e! -3GWU3I ,5#:":5(ICFPFBF/I /WHBSH4BF/I B/
HDDS3DHBF/I RC3S/A/I3PZU3SP3I/I3HIV FRQ3I/0" 23IQFBZS3DG0HBF/I
A34CHIFQAQFI PHSE P33B03*B&,5B/4(B#.&!N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0
)4/0/DZ! #9" $$;7 6$$885
&4C0ZB3SU3SP3I/I3A/VFWZHBSH4BF/I /W)GS/R3HI "/7-).&! O53.(4/B&! HIV
*B&PHSE P33B03Q]]MHFI >3CHUF/S! K/RG0HBF/I 2ZIHAF4QHIV /IBS/0/WKS/433VFIDQ/W, N/FIB(f#::!5XCF&BHB3fIFU! X,i2! J//QB3S! $: 6!!5
&4C0ZB3SHIV P3CHUF/GSH0S3QR/IQ3Q/W"/7-).&B-+-B$(8 HIV "/7-).&7-+/(
%/03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3& B/I/I[C/QB03HWHIV PHSE U/0HBF03Q5+C3
HIHVFHI )IB/A/0/DFQB! #7$%;& " :;9 6:"#5
&F0P3SFID, RS/43QQFIDFI BC3VS/Q/RCF0HHIB3IIH00/P3" ,IZBCFIDD/3Q) N/GSIH0
/W*3GS/Q4F3I43! $"%!:& " #7%89 6#7%"85
&/ID-J! OCHIDhM! C3I =h! $,3!$%##5,QFHI 0HS4C PHSE P33B03! *B&&.D$3/+4,.&! B/R/B3IBFH0HDDS3DHBF/I
RC3S/A/I34/AR/I3IBQ" VFQRHSFBZ P3BT33I BT/ R/RG0HBF/IQ FI
I/SBC3HQB3SI CFIH5(IQ34B&4F3I43! #"%7& " 7## 67#:5
+AA3S‚Q> ƒ! YGQBHRHSBH M5 #:":5 &FID03 430 S3QR/IQ3Q B/
RC3S/A/I3Q! C/QBHIV I/I[C/QBU/0HBF03QFI BC3HAPS/QFHP33B03
"(5B/8$+8(/+ 3-+$,.7!)IB/A/0/DFH)^R3SFA3IBH0FQ3B,RR0F4HBH!
9$%$& " #!# 6#!"5
+AA3S‚Q>ƒ5#:":5M/QBQ3034BF/I PZ/V/GS/GQ4/AR/GIVQWS/AC/QB
HIV I/I[C/QBBS33QFI PHSE P33B03Q5! 7;" 89 68:5
J3SA30FID3S>5$%%!5)4/0/DZHIV AHIHD3A3IB/WBC3&RSG43PHSE
P33B03! *B&,5B/4(B#.&C S3UF3T/WS343IBS3Q3HS4C5HIV YHIHD3A3IB! $%$%# 67& " ;8 6"$5
JF0Q/I (Y! >/SV3I NM! eSF3Qi! $,3!#::;5eS33I 03HWU/0HBF03QHQ
HIBFHDDS3DHIBQW/SBC3A/GIBHFI RFI3P33B03! L$+8(/),/+.&B/+8$(/&$
M/REFIQ%/03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3&5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ!
$$%#%& " #";# 6#"895
JFBmDH0K! gFSQ4C K!/SE ,5$%#%5&3^ RC3S/A/I3QHIV BC3FSFARH4B/I
R3QBAHIHD3A3IB5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! 7;%#& " "% 6#%%5
::
& ( )
!"
"
?
J//V 2-5#:"$5+C3S/03/WRC3S/A/I3Q! EHFS/A/I3QHIV H0/A/I3QFI
BC3C/QBQ3034BF/I HIV 4/0/IFmHBF/I /WPHSE P33B03Q5,IIG i3U
)IB/A/0! $8" !## 6!!;5
J//V & -,5#:";5, S340HQQFWF4HBF/I /WBC3D3I3SH/W&4/0ZBFVH3
%/03/RB3SH&5eS3HB>HQFI *HBGSH0FQBY3A/FSQ! #%" $ 675
OCHIDhM5$%%%5*/IC/QBU/0HBF03QHIV BC3FSS/03QFI BC3C/QBQ3034BF/I
/W4/IFW3SPHSE P33B03Q5(IBS/VG4B/SZKHR3S%*/5$ & ! C3AF4H0
)4/0/DZ! 23RHSBA3IB/WS/R &4F3I43Q! &T3VFQC fIFU3SQFBZ/W
,DSF4G0BGSH0&4F3I43Q! 7$5
OCHIDhM! >FSD3SQQ/I e! OCG NJ! $,3!#:::5-3HWU/0HBF03QWS/A
I/IC/QBV34FVG/GQBS33Q" UHSFHBF/I PZBS33QR34F3Q! Q3HQ/I! HIV
B3AR3SHBGS3HIV 3034BS/RCZQF/0/DF4H0H4BFUFBZFI *B&,5B/4(B#.&!
N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! $9%"& " #:$7 6#:!75
OCHIDhM! -FG e+! &4C0ZB3S8.B3-),.&WS/A (II3SY/ID/0FH! CFIHB/A/IC/QB03HWHIV PHSE
U/0HBF03Q5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! $8%9& " ::9 6#%%:5
OCHIDhM! &4C0ZB3S<5$%%!5X0WH4B/SZS34/DIFBF/I HIV P3CHUF/GSH0
HU/FVHI43/WHIDF/QR3SAI/IC/QBU/0HBF03QPZ4/IFW3S[FICHPFBFIDPHSE
P33B03Q5,DSF4G0BGSH0HIV OCHIDhM! &4C0ZB3SFSD3SQQ/I e5$%%%5>HSE U/0HBF03QWS/AI/IC/QB
HIDF/QR3SABS33Q/WQRSG43PHSE P33B03! *B&,5B/4(B#.&% -5&
% /03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3& " C3AF4H0 HIV 3034BS/RCZQF/0/DF4H0
HIH0ZQFQ5C3A/34/0/DZ! #%" ;: 6"%5
OCHIDhM! &4C0ZB3SHIV P3CHUF/SH0S3QR/IQ3Q/W*B&&.D$3/+4,.&B/Q3AF/4C3AF4H0QWS/A
FBQC/QBQ! I/I[C/QBQ! HIV 4/IQR34FWF4QFI CFIH5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0
)4/0/DZ! 77%$& " 7:# 6!%!5
OCHIDh M! +/0HQ4C +! &4C0ZB3SHIB3IIH0S3QR/IQ3PZPHSE P33B03Q%/03/RB3SH" &4/0ZBFVH3& B/BC3
QRFS/H43BH0)[4/I/RCBC/SFI5N/GSIH0/WC3AF4H0)4/0/DZ! $" %: & "
#"7: 6#"9$5
!
!"#$
?
klm
"
%%#